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geography > January mock figures paper 1 > Flashcards

January mock figures paper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

biggest interregional flows of migrants

A

5million s to w asia
3 million Central America to north america
10 million to Europe

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2
Q

biggest intraregional flows of migrants

A

4million within sub saharan africa
1 million within south asia
1.5 million within south east asia

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3
Q

usa and tonga % of remittances for GDP

A

0.1% usa
38% Tonga

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4
Q

what % of spending in opole region comes from remittances

A

25%

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5
Q

immigration contributes how much to UK economy

A

£25 billion

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6
Q

malawi people per doctor

A

1 doctor per 40,000 poeple

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7
Q

migrant stock among ASEAN members

A

6.5m in 2015

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8
Q

s-s vs s-n flows of migrants

A

S-S: 36% of migrants (83m)
S-N: 35% of migrants (82m)

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9
Q

fraction of remittances sent along S-S flows

A

2/3

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10
Q

worlds 3rd largest bilateral flow of migrants

A

S-S
Bangladesh-India
3.3m migrants

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11
Q

eg of conflict increasing S-S flows

A

2.3m from Afghanistan to pakistan

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12
Q

burkina faso and Ivory Coast stats

A

1m BF citizens in IF
250k IF citizens in BF

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13
Q

when was White Australia Policy

A

1970s

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14
Q

when was operation sovereign borders established

A

2013

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15
Q

number of Pakistanis working abroad
percentage in gulf
remittances value

A

7 million
96%
$11.5b in 2013 (5th in world)

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16
Q

% of women migrants

A

> 50% in in 2016 for first time
70% or 80% in ome countries

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17
Q

greek women migrants 2016

A

doubled from 11% to 22%

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18
Q

% of migrants working in education and health in Middle East

A

2.6% education
3.6% health

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19
Q

number of refugees globally

A

15.7m in 2012
26m in 2019

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20
Q

% of refugees in global south

A

85%

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21
Q

syria civil war refugee stats

A

march 2011 began
6.6m IDPs
5.6m international refugees (900,000 to Lebanon(2015 visa required), 3.6m to turkey)

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22
Q

Nigeria oil stats

A

Africas leading oil exporter
8th biggest oil exporter in world
accounts for 8% of US oil imports

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23
Q

brexit covid vaccines stats

A

40% vaxxed UK
14% EU

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24
Q

brexit economy growth vs eu

A

GDP grew 3.8% since referendum
EU’s grew 8.5%

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25
Q

brexit fall in exports

A

14% fall in exports to EU in 2021

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26
Q

Basque region population
terrorist attacks

A

3.1 million
up to 2011

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27
Q

kurdistan population
independence vote

A

7.8 million
93% voted for independence in 2017

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28
Q

ukraine % ehtnicities

A

77% ukrainian
17% russian

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29
Q

ukraine years of demonstrations

A

orange revolution 2004
euromaidan 2013

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30
Q

ukraine gained independence when

A

1991

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31
Q

when was Crimea annexed

A

2014

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32
Q

Crimea Russian stats

A

60% ethnically russian
50% speak Russian as native language

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33
Q

ukraine conflict deaths stats

A

7000 deaths
13900 injured
298 plane

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34
Q

ukraine evacuation stats

A

1.5m of 5m inhabitants of Lugansk and Donetsk regions are IDPs from Crimea
600,000 internationally emigrated

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35
Q

partition of India when

A

1947

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36
Q

Indus water treaty when

A

1960

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37
Q

division of Indus tributaries

A

indus + 2W = pakistans (80MAF)
3E tributaries = indias (33MAF)

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38
Q

% of indus inputs used for human usages

A

60%

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39
Q

kishanganga % flow reduced

A

leaves Pakistan w 27% lesss flow than natural

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40
Q

veto UN examples

A

Russia 117 times esp, Georgia Ukraine syria
UK France USA during USA’s invasion of Panama

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41
Q

when did Finland join NATO

A

2023

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42
Q

EU russia sanctions

A

2014 econ sanctions following Crimea annexation

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43
Q

when did south Sudan gain independence

A

2011 following civil war

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44
Q

South Sudan conflict deaths and displaced numbers

A

50,000 dead
3.9m displaced

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45
Q

UNMISS figures

A

2011 started
16000 troops
2000 police (large scale)
unsuccessful bc 2012 violencwe

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46
Q

PoC camps figures

A

2013: 6 PoC camps built for 220,000 IDPs

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47
Q

old South Sudan peace treaty dates

A

2015 one violated in 2016

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48
Q

new South Sudan peace treaty police numbers

A

50,000

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49
Q

GESS funded how much by UK gov
how many children educated

A

£100 million
500,000 children in 4000 schools

50
Q

South Sudan famine figures

A

2017
Over 7.1 million people – half the country’s population - are facing extreme and deadly hunger.

51
Q

Mali independence form France

A

1960

52
Q

tuareg insurgence dates

A

grew from 1990 onwards
2007: sped up fuelled by Libyan civil war and islamist groups supplying arms

53
Q

when did Tuareg gain control over azawad

A

2012

54
Q

growth in economy of Mali since end of conflict

A

GDP recovered to pre-conflict level of $495 in 2015
1ary/3ary sectors have grown by 6-7% since 2014

55
Q

when was Mali peace accord

A

2015

56
Q

life expectancy increase in Mali since 2015

A

55 to 57 years

57
Q

MINUSMA number of military

A

9000

58
Q

un peacekeepers death toll in Mali

A

100 died since 2013

59
Q

French troops in mali

A

5100

60
Q

world bank investment in Mali job training and education

A

$63 million

61
Q

access to health clinics in urban vs rural Mali

A

89% vs 48%

62
Q

emigration from Brazil to Portugal

A

140,000 in 2013

63
Q

emigration form Brazil to USA

A

370,000

64
Q

emigration from Brazil to Japan

A

370,000

65
Q

immigration from portugal to brazil

A

140,000

66
Q

immigration form Japan to Brazil

A

50,000
188,000 between 1908 and 1941

67
Q

immigration from Haiti to brazil

A

135,000 immigrants in Brazil in 2020
increased from 1700 in 2010 to 11000 in 2013

68
Q

Brazil economic connections caused by migration: companies in Brazil

A

> 450 Japanese companies in Brazil

69
Q

Brazil value of migrant remittances in 2020

A

$3.8b (0.25% of GDP)

70
Q

laos vs Thailand daily wages

A

3x higher in thailand

71
Q

laos migrants per 1000 of population

A

1.1 migrants per 1000 population in 2014

72
Q

laos emigration numbers

A

930,000 to thailand
200,000 to USA

73
Q

immigrants to laos

A

10,000 from vietnam

74
Q

laos population structure

A

1/3 below 15 years old

75
Q

laos value of migrant remittances

A

$435m
8% of GDP

76
Q

laos % below poverty line

A

22%

77
Q

laos % employed in agriculture

A

73%

78
Q

laos human trafficking victims numbers

A

from 2001 to 2011, >1500 victims

79
Q

what % of USA immigrants are Mexicans

A

28%

80
Q

number of Mexicans migrating to USA in 2013

A

870,000

81
Q

green card visas per year
family reunification visas per year

A

140,000
480,000

82
Q

how many Mexicans in USA and how many Americans in mexico

A

11.5m M in USA
1m USA in M
(2013)

83
Q

remittances from USA to Mexico

A

$22b in 2013 (2% of GDP)

84
Q

NAFTA trade deal led to how much reciprocal merchandise per day between USA and Mexico

A

$1.4b daily

85
Q

in 2013, what % of Mexicans in Usa work in services, and what % in nat resources, construction and manufacturing

A

31% ins Services
25% in nat resources, construction and manufacturing

86
Q

residence time for carbon held in rocks

A

150m years

87
Q

how long is carbon stored for in fast carbon cycle

A

350 years

88
Q

rate of transfer fast vs slow carbon cycle

A

10-1000x faster in fast cycle

89
Q

% of carbon stored in each store

A

0.5% in atmosphere
27% in oceans
70% as fossil fuels/in sedimentary rocks
1.5% in biomass

90
Q

where does 50% of carbon fixation by photosynthesis take place

A

in the oceans (50GT of carbon is drawn from the atmosphere by the biological pump every year)

91
Q

% of global water stored in oceans , and in polar ice/glaciers

A

97%
2%

92
Q

amazon temperature

A

27C all year round (no seasonal variation)

93
Q

amazon precipitation rate

A

2500mm/year
lowest monthly = 60mm (driER but not dry season)

94
Q

how much of amazon precipitation is recycled by evapotranspiration

A

50-60%

95
Q

carbon storage per hectare in TRF, grassland and soya plantation

A

TRF: 400 tonnes
grassland: 16.2 tonnes (25x less)
soya plantation: 2.7 tonnes (150x less)

96
Q

amazon NPP

A

2500g/m2/year

97
Q

% of deforestation in amazon for cattle ranching
how much carbon released by this

A

80%
340 million tonnes CO2 per year

98
Q

how much of rainforest carbon is stored in biomass

A

60%

99
Q

carbon stored per hectare in soil of TRF

A

90-200 tonnes

100
Q

when did madeira river flood
increased discharge?
no of deaths?

A

April 2014
river reached record levels of 19.68m above normal
60 deaths

101
Q

deforestation increases runoff by a factor of what

A

27

102
Q

impact of TRF deforestation on regional precipitation?

A

20% decline

103
Q

how many tonnes of carbon locked in Amazon

A

100 billion

104
Q

how many tonnes of CO2 does amazon absorb per year

A

2.4b tonnes
releases 1.7b tonnes through decomposition

105
Q

temperature range in tundra

A

-28C to 4C (negative for 9 months)

106
Q

precipitation annually in tundra

A

50-350mm annually (majority falls as snow)
majority falls in 3-4month summer when temp >0C

107
Q

NPP in tundra

A

200g/m2/year

108
Q

carbon stored per hectare in tundra

A

1600GT per hectare (5/6 of this is in the soil)
only 4-30 tonnes in biomass

109
Q

estimated losses of CO2 and CH4 from permafrost

A

7 to 40m tonnes CO2
24000 to 114000 tonnes CH4

110
Q

arctic warms how much faster than anywhere else in the world

A

3 times

111
Q

co2 released from fossil fuel combustion

A

10b tonnes per year

112
Q

fossil fuel has increased atmospheric ppm by how much

A

280 to 400 ppm

113
Q

phytoplankton transfer how much C from atmosphere to deep ocean per year

A

10GT

114
Q

London water table fell how much in 1965 due to over exploitation

A

90m

115
Q

in a glacial, how much does sea level fall

A

by 100-130m

116
Q

in a glacial, how much of continental land mass is covered by ice

A

1/3

117
Q

how much of global energy consumption is fossil fuels

A

87%

118
Q

china afforestation stats

A

1978
400,000km2 of trees by 2050

119
Q

when was Kyoto protocol

A

1997-2012

120
Q

wetlands occupy how much of earth’s land surface
contain how much of terrestrial carbon pool

A

6-9%
35%

121
Q
A

geography (10 decks)

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