Jarvis Chapter 11 Nutrition Flashcards
Jarvis Chapter 11 review (113 cards)
1
Q
What increase in adolescence b/c rapid physical growth, endocrine and hormonal changes?
A
Calories and protein intake.
2
Q
To support the syntesis of maternal and fetal tissue what must be consumed?
A
Calories, proteins, minerals and vitamins.
3
Q
In adulthood what need to be stabilized?
A
Growth and nutrients.
4
Q
What is the purpose of a nutritional assessment?
A
- Identify individuals who are malnourished or at risk of developing malnutrition.
- Provide data for a nutrition plan design.
- Establish baseline data for evaluating the efficacy of nutritional care.
5
Q
How many grains are supposed to be consumed daily?
A
6 oz
6
Q
How many fruits are supposed to be consumed daily?
A
2 cups.
7
Q
How many vegetables are supposed to be consumed daily?
A
2 1/2 cups.
8
Q
How much milk we need to consume daily?
A
3 cups.
9
Q
How much meat and beans we need to consume daily?
A
5 1/2 oz
10
Q
What is consider underweight using BMI?
A
<18.5
11
Q
What is the range of normal weight using BMI?
A
18.5 - 24.9
12
Q
What is the range of overweight BMI?
A
25.0-29.9
13
Q
What is the range of obesity BMI?
A
30.0-39.9
14
Q
What is the range of extreme obesity BMI?
A
> 40.
15
Q
Assess body fat distribution?
A
Waist - to - hip ratio.
16
Q
What is the significance of abnormal waist- hip ratio?
A
- Increase risk for obesity.
- Early mortality
- Related diseases.
17
Q
What is IBW?
A
Ideal Body Weight
18
Q
What is used to determine iron status?
A
Hematocrit
19
Q
What is used to determine iron defiency anemia?
A
Hemoglobin
20
Q
What are triglycerides tested for?
A
Screen for hyperlipidemia and to determine the risk of Coronary Artery Diseases (CAP).
21
Q
What is good cholesterol?
A
HDL
22
Q
What is bad cholesterol?
A
LDL
23
Q
How much sodium is recommend for consumption?
A
less than 2300mg (1tsp)
24
Q
Limit intake of saturated fat?
A
10% or less
25
20-35 % of intake
fat
26
Estimate the body fat stores or the extent of obesity or undernutrition.
Skinfold thickness
27
Estimates skeletal muscle mass and fat storage?
Mid- upper arm circumference
28
Most fat is in the hips and thights.
Gynoid obesity
29
Excess of body fat that is placed most within the abdomen and upper body.
Android obesity
30
Immunodeficient condition characterized by a lack of or diminished reaction to an antigen or group of antigens.
Anergy
31
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Weight (kg)
____________
Height (meters)
32
A detailed record of dietary intake obtainable from a 24- hours recalls, food frequency questionnaires, food diaries.
Diet history
33
Protein malnutrition
Kwashiorkor
34
Signs/Symptoms
1. Individials appear well-nouished or obese
2. Edematous
3. Decrease hair and skin pigmentation
Kwashiorkor
35
Measure Lean body mass
Mid- arm muscle area (MAMA)
36
Determine range of ideal body weight
Frame size
37
Combination of chronic energy deficit and chronic or acute protein deficiency
Marasmic kwashiorkor
38
Inadequate comsumption of protein and energy, resulting in a gradual body wasting and increased susceptibility to infection
Protein- calorie malnutrition (PCM)
39
Levels of intake of essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet nutritional needs
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
40
Degree of balance between nutrient intake and nutrient requirements; influenced by physiologic, culture , economic factors and developmental status.
Nutritional status
41
Recommended amounts of nutrients to prevent deficiencies and redue the risk for chronic diseases.
Daily Reference Intakes (DRI)
42
Strict observance of Kashrut laws.
Orthodox Jews
43
Low sodium diet
Hypertension
44
Quick and easy way to identify individuals @ nutritional risk.
Nutritional screening
45
What Cheilosis means?
Vertical cracks in lips
46
Cheilosis
Riboflavin, Niacin deficiency
47
Dry, flaking scaly skin
Vitamin A, Vitamin B-complex, Linoleic Acid deficiency
48
Budahism food restriction
All meats
49
To counter some of the difficulties inherent in the 24- hour recall what you can use?
Food frequency questionnaire
50
Height, weight triceps skinfold, elbow breadth, arm and head circumference
Anthropometric measures
51
Osteomallacia, Rickets
Vitamin D and Calcium Deficiency
52
Sufficient nutrients are consumed to support day- to - day body needs and any increased metabolic demands due to growth, illness or pregnancy
Optimal Nutrition Status
53
Eczema
Linoleic Acid deficiency
54
What is Follicular Hyperkeratosis?
Dry, bumpy skin
55
Follicullar hyperkeratosis
Vitamin A and linoleic acid deficiency
56
Muscle wasting
Carohydrates, proteins and fat deficiency
57
Nutritional screening use in adults in a acute care setting.
Malnutrition Screening tool
58
Dry skin, difficulting seeing @ night.
Riboflavin deficiency
59
Body weight 20% above ideal weight.
Obesity
60
Bitot's Spot
Vitamin A deficiency
61
Pellegra
Chronic lack of Niacin
62
Easiest and most popular method for obtaining information about dietary intake
24-hour recall
63
Self induce vomiting or defecation after binging.
Bulimia
64
Peripheral neuropathy
Thiamine, Vitamin B6 deficiency
65
Benefits of breastfeeding
1. Cheaper
2. Bounding and comfort
3. Specific made
4. Decrease incidence of GI problems
5. Decrease incidence of ear infection
66
Severe malnutrition
Marasmus
67
What are 3 guides commonly used to determine an adequate diet?
1. My pyramide
2. Dietary guidelines
3. Daily references intakes
68
Bleeding gums, splinter hemorrhages of the nails, joint pain, scorbutic gums
Vitamin C deficiency
69
Abnormalities due to nutrional deficiencies:
1. Pellegra
2. Scorbutic Gums
3. Follicular hyperkeartosis
4. Bitot's spots
5. Kwashiorkor
6. Rickets
7. Magenta Tongue
8. HIV- associated malnutrition
70
Acneic forehead rash
Vitamin B6 deficiency
71
Nutritional reserves are depleted and/or when nutrient intake is inadequated to meet day- to -day or added metabolic demands.
Undernutrition
72
What anthropometric measures evaluate?
Growth, development and body composition.
73
Low carbohydrate diet
Diabetes
74
Diet problems related to aging:
1. Difficulties chewing/swallowing
2. Decrease appetite
3. Socioeconomic limitations
4. Solitary eating
5. Polypharmacy
6. Poor physical/ mental health
7. Alcoholism
8. Limited functional abilities
75
Medical term for spoon shaped nails
Koiloncychia
76
Brittle and ridged nails or Koiloncychia
Iron deficiency
77
Energy requirements for the aging adult decrease as a result of ?
Loss of lean body mass
78
Whar are physiological changes in aging adults that directly affect nutritional status?
1. Poor dentition
2. Decrease visual acuity
3. Decrease saliva production
4. Slowed gastrointestinal motility
5. Decrease gastrintestinal absorption
6. Diminished olfactory and taste sensitivity
79
Hinduism food restriction
Beef, pork, some fowl and alcohol
80
Compsumptions of nutrients especially calories, sodium fat in excess of body need
Overnutrition
81
Medical tern for excesive deposits of cholesterol
Xanthomas
82
Xanthomas
Excessive serum levels of LDL or VDLs
83
Nutritional subjective data
- Eating patterns
- Usual weight
- Chronic illness
- Food allergies
- Recent surgery/ trauma
- Alcohol/ drugs
- Family history
- Change in appetite, smells, taste, chewing and swallowing
84
Follicular hyperkeratosis
Vitamin A and linolic acid deficiency
85
Foamy plaques in the eyes
Bitot's spot
86
Dryness of the eye
Xerophthalmia
87
Softening of the eyes
Keratomalacia
88
Bitot's spots, xerophthalmia and keratomalacia
Vitamin A deficiency
89
What DRI means?
Daily Refernce Intake
90
Nasolabial seborrhea
Riboflavin and vitamin b6 deficiency
91
Petiache or acchymoses
Vitamin C and Vitamin K deficiency
92
Cracks in the skin, lesion on the hands, leg, face or neck.
Niacin, trytophan deficiency
93
Medical term for red crcks @ sides of the mouth
Angular stomatitis
94
Angular stomatitis
Riboflavin, niacin, iron Vitamin B6 deficiency
95
Pain in calves, thights
Thiamine deficiency
96
Self induce starvation
Anorexia nervosa
97
Nuritional screening designated & validated for use in older adults in long term care and community settings
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
98
Ritual slaughter to ensure meat is halal
Muslims
99
Caloric excess
Obesity
100
What can be a significant source of error on the 24- hour recall?
- Failure ot the patient or family to recall type or amount of food eaten.
- Intake within the last 24 hours may be atipical of usual intake.
- Snacks, gravies, sauces and condiments may go underreported.
- Patient or family may lie for different reasons.
101
Medical term to hyperpigmentation of the skin exposed to sunlight
Pellagrous dematosis
102
Pellagrous dermatosis
Niacin deficiency
103
Low fat, Low cholesterol diet
Hyperlipidemia and Coronary artery disease (CAD)
104
Disorientation or irritability
Vitamin B12 deficiency
105
What are some of the problems with the Food Diary?
- Noncompliance
- Innaccurate recording
- Atypical intake on the recording days
- Conscious alteration of diet during the recording period.
106
Magenta tongue
Riboflavin deficiency
107
No caffeine
Mormons
108
Risk factor for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke, gallblader disease, sleep apnea, certain cancers and ostoarthristis.
Overnutrition
109
Body mass index of 30% or grater
Adult obesity
110
Protein/ calorie malnutrition or prolonged starvation
Marasmus
111
First step in assessing nutritional status, is required for all patients in all health care setting within 24 hours of admission.
Nutrition Screening
112
Vulnerable groups @ risk of undernutrition:
- Adolescents
- Infants
- Aging adults
- Pregnant women
- Children
113
How you access objective findings in nutrition?
Anthropometric measures and laboratory results.
