Jarvis Chapter 12 Skin, Hair and Nails

Question 1

Linear or oval patch of hair loss along hair line from HAIR ROLLERS , TIGHT BRAIDING, tight ponytail, barrettes

Answer 1

Traumatic Alopecia

Question 2

Rounded, patchy hair loss on scalp.Usually seen in FARMERS ; highly contagious, may be transmitted by another person, by domestic animals, or from soil.

Answer 2

Tineas Capitis

Question 3

Sudden appearance of a sharply circumscribed, ROUND or oval balding patch, usually with SMOOTH, soft, hairless skin underneath.

Answer 3

Alopecia areata

Question 4

Regrowth occurs after illness or discontinuation of toxin. Mainly ocuur due to Chemo treatment.

Answer 4

Toxic Alopecia

Question 5

Considered an AIDS-defining illness, this can occur at any stage of HIV infection

Answer 5

Sarcoma Caposi

Question 6

Traumatic sel-induce hair loss usually the result of compulsive twisting or plucking.

Answer 6

Trichotillomania

Question 7

Head Lice

Answer 7

Pediculosis Capitis

Question 8

Multiple pustules, “whiteheads,” with hair visible at CENTER and erythematous base. Usually on arms, legs, face, and buttocks

Answer 8

Folliculitis

Question 9

Red, swollen, tender inflammation of the nails folds.

Answer 9

Paronychia

Question 10

Acute version is usually a bacterial infection; chronic version is most often a fungal infection from a break in the cuticle in those who perform “WET” work.

Answer 10

Paronychia

Question 11

A depression across the nail that extends down to the nail bed. Occurs with any trauma that temporarily impairs nail formation, such as acute illness, toxic reaction, or local trauma

Answer 11

Beau’s line

Question 12

Red-brown linear STREAKS, embolic lesions, occur with subacute bacterial ENDOCARDITIS; also may occur with minor trauma

Answer 12

Splinter hemorrhages

Question 13

Inner edge of nail elevates; nail bed angle is GREATER than 180 degrees.

Answer 13

Clubbing of the nails.

Question 14

This is a slow, persistent fungal infection of fingernails and, more often, toenails, common in older adults.- Apearing in the NAIL PLATES

Answer 14

Onycholysis

Question 15

The inner basal cell layer of the epidermis that forms new skin cells. made up of keratin, the fibrous protein, melanin is interspersed along this layer

Answer 15

Stratum germinativum

Question 16

the outer horny layer of the epidermis formed by the migrated, flattened cells of the basal layer. this layer consists of dead keratinized cells that are interwoven and closely packed.

Answer 16

Stratum corneum

Question 17

Protion of hair that is below the surface, embedded in the follicle

Answer 17

Root

Question 18

Located in the expanded areas where the new cells are produced at a high rate

Answer 18

Bulb matrix

Question 19

Fine, faint hair that covers most of the body

Answer 19

Vellus

Question 20

Darker, thicker hair that grows on the scalp and eyebrows and, after puberty, on the acillae, pubic area, and the face and chest in male

Answer 20

Terminal hair

Question 21

Oils and lubricates the skin and hair and forms an emulsion with water that retards water loss from the skin.

Answer 21

Sebum

Question 22

Coiled tubules that open directly onto the skin surface and produce a dilute saline solution called sweat.

Answer 22

Eccrine glands

Question 23

Producers of a thick, milky secretion that opens directly into the hair follicles. located in the axillae, anogenital area, nipple, and naval

Answer 23

Apocrine glands

Question 24

Become active during puberty, and are stimulated with emotion and sexual stimulation

Answer 24

Apocrine glands

Question 25

White opaque semilunar area at the proximal end of the nail.

Answer 25

Lanula

Question 26

Fine downy hair of the newborn

Answer 26

Lanugo

Question 27

Thick, cheesy substance present at birth that is made up of sebum and shed epithelial cells

Answer 27

Vernix Caseosa

Question 28

An increased pigment in the areolae and nipples, vulva, and sometimes in the midline of the abdoment because of the change in hormone levels in pregnant women

Answer 28

Linea nigra

Question 29

Increased pigmentation in the face because of a change in hormone levels in pregnant women also know as the "mask of pregnancy"

Answer 29

Chloasma

Question 30

A dark red discolored area found in elderly because of their decreasing vascularity and increasing fragility of skin

Answer 30

Senile purpura

Question 31

Itching

Answer 31

Pruritus

Question 32

Complete absennce of melanin pigment in patchy areas of white or light skin on the face, neck, hands, feet, body folds, and around orifices

Answer 32

Vitiligo

Question 33

ephilides

Answer 33

Freckels

Question 34

Mole

Answer 34

Nevus

Question 35

Profuse perspiration

Answer 35

Diaphoresis

Question 36

A common variation in about half of newborns that causes yellowing of the skin, sclera, and mucus membranes

Answer 36

Physiological Jaundice

Question 37

Caused by increased sebaceous gland activity in adolescence, can include milder open/closed comedones (white and black heads),

Answer 37

Acne

Question 38

Lesions that are raised, thickened aras of pigmentation that look crusted, scaly, and warty. there are many different forms, caused by/no relation to the amount of sun exposure, malignant or benign. common in older adults

Answer 38

Keratoses

Question 39

Acrochordons

Answer 39

Skin tags

Question 40

Raised yellow papules that have a central dpression. common on oler men's foreheads, nose, or cheeks

Answer 40

Sebacceous hyperplasia

Question 41

3 layers of the skin

Answer 41

1. Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Subcutaneus

Question 42

Dermis is most made out of?

Answer 42

Connective Tissue or Collagen

Question 43

Subcutaneous layer is made out of ?

Answer 43

Adipose tissue

Question 44

Wrinkling occour due to?

Answer 44

Loss of collagen, elastin, subcutaneous far, and a reduction of muscle tone

Question 45

subjective data about skin

Answer 45

1. skin disease in family? 2. change in pigmentation? 3. change in mole? 4. excessive dryness or moisture- seasonal or constant? 5. pruritus? 6. excessive bruising? 7. rash or lesion 8 medications 9. hair loss 10.change in nails 11. environmental or occupational hazards

Question 46

hypopigmentation

Answer 46

Loss od color

Question 47

hyperpigmentation

Answer 47

Increase of color

Question 48

Oily

Answer 48

Seborrhea

Question 49

Dry

Answer 49

Xerosis

Question 50

Hair Loss

Answer 50

Alopecia

Question 51

Hirsutism

Answer 51

Excessive hair

Question 52

ABCDE

Answer 52

1. asymmetry 2. border irregularity 3. color variation 4. diameter greater than 6mm 5. elevation or enlargement

Question 53

Pallor

Answer 53

White, pale color

Question 54

Red

Answer 54

Erythema

Question 55

Blue

Answer 55

Cyanosis

Question 56

Cyanosis indicates,

Answer 56

Hypoxemia, and occurs with shock, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, and congenital heart disease

Question 57

Lack of oxygen in the blood

Answer 57

Hypoxia

Question 58

Accompanies central circulatory problems such as shock

Answer 58

General Hypothermia

Question 59

Occurs in peripheral arterial insufficiency and Raynauds disease

Answer 59

Localized Hypothermia

Question 60

Skin feels smoother and softer like velvet

Answer 60

Hyperthyroidism

Question 61

skin feels rough, dry and flaky

Answer 61

Hypothyroidism

Question 62

Very thin, shiny skin, occurs with arterial insuffeciency

Answer 62

Atrophic

Question 63

4 point scale for edema

Answer 63

1. Mild, slight indentation 2. Moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly 3. Deep pitting, remains for a short time, leg looks swollen 4. Very deep pitting, lasts a long time, leg very swollen.

Question 64

Consider local or peripheral cause ( deep vein thrombosis- dvt)

Answer 64

Unilateral edema

Question 65

Generalized all over the whole body...central problem such as heart or kidney failure.

Answer 65

Bilateral edema

Question 66

Skin ability to return to place promptly when released. evident in dehydration or extreme weight loss

Answer 66

Turgor

Question 67

Literally hard skin

Answer 67

Scleroderma

Question 68

Traumatic or pathologic changes in perviously normal skin

Answer 68

Primary lesion

Question 69

When a legion changes over time because of a factor such as scratching or infection.

Answer 69

Secondary lesion

Question 70

Lesion documentation

Answer 70

1. color 2. elevation 3. pattern 4. size 5. location 6. exudate - note color or odor

Question 71

Hypertrophic scar, skin level is elevated by excess scar tissue most seen in african americans.

Answer 71

Keloids

Question 72

Tiny punctuate hemorrhages 1-3mm, round and discrete; caused by bleeding in superficial capillaries, will not blanch

Answer 72

Petechiae

Question 73

Purplish patch resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin >3mm

Answer 73

Ecchymosis

Question 74

Confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymosis

Answer 74

Purpura

Question 75

Atopic Dermatitis

Answer 75

Eczema

Question 76

Erythemous papules and vesicles, weeping and oozing, crusts

Answer 76

Atopic dermatitis

Question 77

Red purple maculopapular blotchy rash; rash appears first behind the ears and spreads over face, then neck, trunk, arms, legs; looks coppery and will not blanch; Koplik spots in mouth (bluish, white red based elevations)

Answer 77

Measles

Question 78

Pink, papular rash (paler than measles), first appears on face and spreads; neck lymphadenopathy, no Koplik spots

Answer 78

Rubella

Question 79

German Measles

Answer 79

Rubella

Question 80

Small tight vesicles first appear on trunk then spread to face, arms, legs; "dewdrop on rose petal"; vesicles erupt and become pustules and crusts

Answer 80

Chickenpox

Question 81

Chickenpox

Answer 81

Varicella

Question 82

Local inflammatory reaction to irritant/allergy; erythema first, then swelling, wheals/urticaria, maculopapular vesicles, scales; pruritis

Answer 82

Primary contact dermatitis

Question 83

"Althlete's foot", fungal infection, first appears are small vesicles between toes, sides of feet, grows scaly and hard

Answer 83

Tineas Pedis

Question 84

Cold Sores

Answer 84

Labial herpes simplex

Question 85

Herpes simplex virus (HSV); skin tingling and sensitivity; lesions erupts with tight vesicles followed by pustules and then produces acute gingivostomatitis with many shallow, painful ulcers; upper lip, oral mucosa

Answer 85

Labial herpes simplex

Question 86

Fine scaling round patches of pink, tan white than do not tan in sunlight, caused by a superficial fungal infection

Answer 86

Tinea versicolor

Question 87

Herpes Zoster

Answer 87

Shingles

Question 88

Small, group vesicles emerge along route of cutaneous sensory nerve, then pustules, and crusts; caused by varicella zoster virus (reactivating chicken pox); acute appearance, unilateral, does not cross midline

Answer 88

Herpes Zoster

Question 89

Vascular tumor, multiple patch state early lesions are faint pink on the temple and beard area

Answer 89

HIV related Sarcoma Caposi

Question 90

Prolonged, intense scratching eventually thickens the skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules; looks like surface of moss (or lichen)

Answer 90

Lichenification

Question 91

Scaly plaques that are red-tan in color and tend to increase size and roughness overtime.

Answer 91

Actinic Keratosis (senile or solar)

Question 92

Raised yellow papules with a central depresion.

Answer 92

Sebaceous Hyperplasia

Question 93

Intact skin appears red but unbroken.

Answer 93

Stage I pressure ulcer

Question 94

Completely replaced every 4 weeks

Answer 94

Epidermis

Question 95

Skin Subjective data

Answer 95

- Past history of skin disease - Change in pigmentation - Change in mole - Excessive dryness or moisture - Pruritus - Excessive brusing - Rash or lesion - Medications - Hair loss - Change in nails - Environmental hazards - Self-care behaviors

Question 96

Which skin lesion in older adults is precancerus.

Answer 96

Actinic Keratosis

Question 97

Partial thickness skin erosion with loss of epidermis or also dermis.

Answer 97

Stage II pressure Ulcer

Question 98

Function of the skin

Answer 98

- Protection - Prevents penetration - Perception - Temperature regulation - Identification - Communication - Wound repair - Absorption and excretion - Production of vitamin D

Question 99

Dry skin, aging, drug reactions, allergies, obstructive jaundice, Uremia, lice.

Answer 99

Pruritus

Question 100

Single- chambered superficial lesion containing free fluid grater than 1cm in diameter.

Answer 100

Bullae

Question 101

Most common skin problem in adolescences.

Answer 101

Acne

Question 102

Thin but tough

Answer 102

Epidermis

Question 103

Outer layer of the skin

Answer 103

Epidermis

Question 104

White spots on the nail plate

Answer 104

Leukonychia

Question 105

smooth, slighly raised bright red dots that commomnly appear on the trunk in all older than 30 year.

Answer 105

Cherry angioma

Question 106

Elevated cavity containing free fluid less than 1 cm in diameter

Answer 106

Vesicle

Question 107

Raised lesions that appear crusted, scaly and warty.

Answer 107

Seborrheic Keratosis

Question 108

Inner supportive layer of the skin

Answer 108

Dermis

Question 109

Five common skin lesions in older adults

Answer 109

1. Senile lentigines 2. Seborrheic Keratosis 3. Acrochordons 4. Actinic Keratosis 5. Sebbaceous Hyperplasia

Question 110

Full thickness pressure ulce extending to the subcutaneos tissue and resembling a crater

Answer 110

Stage III pressure ulcer

Question 111

Bilateral edema (generalized)

Answer 111

Anasarca

Question 112

The cells are bound tightly together into sheet that form a rugged protective barrier.

Answer 112

Epidermis

Question 113

Raised lesion

Answer 113

Papule

Question 114

Flat lesions

Answer 114

Macule

Question 115

Visible projecting part of the hair

Answer 115

Shaft

Question 116

Hepatitis, cirrhosis, sicke-cell disease, transfusion reaction, hemolyc disease of the newborn

Answer 116

Jaundice

Question 117

Full thickness pressure ulcer involves all skin layers, expose muscles, tendon and/or bones.

Answer 117

Stage IV pressure ulcer

Question 118

When hair follicles develop in the fetus?

Answer 118

@ 3 month's gestation

Question 119

Treads of keratin

Answer 119

Hair

Question 120

Components of nail examination

Answer 120

1. Countour 2. Consistency 3. Color

Question 121

Fluid accumulating in the intercellular spaces

Answer 121

Edema

Question 122

Skin ability to raise

Answer 122

Mobility

Question 123

Increase in the quantity of blood flow to a body part.

Answer 123

Hyperemia

Question 124

3 sources of skin color

Answer 124

1. Brown- melanin 2. Yellow/orange - Carotene 3. Red/purple - underlying vascular bed.

Question 125

Skin Cancer Risk

Answer 125

1. Sunburn 2. Tanning 3. Ultraviolet exposure (sun/tanning) 4. Asbesto 5. Cigarettes

Question 126

In the aging adult the underlying dermis thin and flattens whih cause?

Answer 126

Wrinkling

Question 127

In the aging adult which substance loss increase the risk for shering and tearing lesions?

Answer 127

Collagen

Question 128

In the aging adult which glands decrease in numbers and funtion leaving dry skin?

Answer 128

Sweat gland and Sebaceous gland

Question 129

What put the aging adult at risk for heat stroke?

Answer 129

Decrease response on the sweat glands.

Question 130

In the aging adult vascularity of the skin diminished while __________

Answer 130

Vascular fragility increase.

Question 131

In the aging adult subsequent cell replacement slow imparing?

Answer 131

Wound healing

Question 132

Dehydraion s/s

Answer 132

1. Mocous mmbrane is dry 2. Lips look parched and cracked 3. Extreme skin dryness 4. Poor turgor 5. Delay capillary refill 6. Tachypnea 7. Depressed and sunken fontanels 8. Cachetic Apperance

Question 133

Best place to access for pallor in a non- caucasian patient

Answer 133

Membrane mucous, conjuntiva