Jarvis Chapter 16 Nose, Mouth and Throat Flashcards by Damaris Parrilla

Pressure & pain of sinuses

Sinusitis

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nosebleeds can be attributed to

overuse of nasal sprays, Hypertension, very dry nasal mucosa, leukemia, thrombocytopenia

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Watery, clear, nasal discharge

rhinorrhea

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rhinorrhea can be a sign of

past head injury, cerebrospinal fluid leak

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Yellow discharge from nose

commonly occurs with a cold, rhinitis, or sinus infection.

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Stuffy nose/inability to breath from both nostrils during day/night can be a

deviated septum, sinus congestion, obstruction

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Decreased sense of smell

URI , Smoking, cocaine use, neurologic lesion, tumor

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Possible causes of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

Esophageal disorders, Anxiety, Improperly fitted dentures, neurlogical disorders

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Difficulty chewing, swallowing, moving tongue/jaw may be

late sign of oral cancer

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Persistent long sore throat can be a sign of

cancer

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Hoarseness can be due to

Hypothyroidism, Cancer of pharynx, allergies, smoking, overuse of voice. Referreal for symptoms > 2 weeks

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Excessive alcohol consumption increases risk of

oral cancer

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Bruxism

grinding teeth

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Bruxism (teeth grinding) can cause

TMJ issues

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Causes of decreased ability to taste

? URI, Lesion of Facial nerve(CN VII), Zinc deficiency, Menopause

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Proper oral hygiene prevents

dental caries & gum disease, inflammation to other body parts

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Poor fitting dentures can lead to

leukoplakia (precancerous condition)

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Lips of Mediterranean or dark skinned people are

Bluish or freckled

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Pallor around lips can be

anemia or shock

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Hypoxia or being cold can result in

bluish lips

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Swollen lips occur

local/systemic allergic reaction or anaphylaxis

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Number of teeth

28 (excluding wisdom)

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Yellow or brownish teeth occur with

heavy coffee/tea consumption. high fluoride

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Chalky white substance on tooth that turns darker over time

cavity

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White spots on teeth can occur from

antibiotics

Receding gums

common in elderly, abnormal in youth

Red, swollen gums are a sign of

Gingivitis ,Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency), Leukemia

Enlarged reddened gums are abnormal but can be often be seen

pregnancy, puberty, leukemia, phenytoin medication

Bluish-black line or grey-white line along gum line is

a symptom of lead poisoning.

White, curdlike patches on the tongue that scrape off easily and bleed

Candida albincans (Thrush)

Tiny white spots (Koplik's spots) that lie over reddened mucosa in mouth

early sign of measles

brown patches inside the cheeks of those with adrenocortical deficiency

Canker sore

Deep longitudinal fissures on tongue

a sign of dehydration

black tongue

bismuth (Pepto Bismol toxicity)

Reddish shiny tongue

Vitamin B or niacin deficiency

Enlarged tongue

hypothyroidism, acromegaly and Down Synd.

Small tongue

malnutrition

Canker sores on side of tongue

abnormal but found in patients getting chemo

Loss of taste discrimination such as sweet vs. salty

Zinc deficiency, XII CN defect

Thick white plaques on hard palate

candidal infection

Deep purple, raised, or flat lesions may indicate

Kaposi's sarcoma (common w/AIDS)

Yellow tint to hard palate

jaundice

Opening of hard palate

cleft palate

Fruity or acetone breath

diabetes ketacidosis

Ammonia breath odor

kidney disease

Foul breath odor

tooth decay or respiratory infection

Fecal breath

bowel obstruction

Sulfur breath

end-stage liver disease

Red, enlarged tonsils or may have patches of white or yellow exudate

tonsillitis

Bright red throat w/white or yellow exudate

pharyngitis

Can't sniff or blow when one nostril is occluded

sign of swelling, rhinitis, or obstruction

nasal mucosa swollen, pale pink or bluish gray

allergies

nasal mucosa swollen and red

URI

Purulent nasal discharge

acute bacterial rhinosinusitis

Small round pale polyps in nose

common with chronic allergies

Tender maxillary sinuses w/paplation w/without crepitation

allergies or rhinosinusitis

A red glow transilluminates the frontal sinuses

normal air filled sinus

Absence of red glow transilluminating the frontal sinuses

sinus filled with fluid, thick mucus or pus

Object used to examine tongue

square gauze pad

Examination of gums and teeth

w/gloves retract lips & cheeks

To prevent gag reflex during examination of uvula

depress tongue slightly off center

Makes uvula clearer for observation

saying "aaah"

Elicit the gag reflex

depress the back of the tongue

Carbon monoxide poisoning

reddish lips

midway between tonsils and uvula

tonsils are visible

tonsils touch uvula

tonsils greatly enlarged & touching each other

Most common area for carcinoma of tongue

sides

Inspection for oral cancer

all surfaces of tongue & buccal mucosa,

Examining sinus for infection

press up on the brow on each side of the nose

To inspect salivary glands, where do you locate the Wharton's ducts

Either side of the frenulum on the floor of the mouth

To assess mouth, nose, an sinuses

client should sit with head erect and eye level with nurse

bifid uvula

normal finding in Native Americans

Paralyses of CN X (vagus)

uvula deviates to one side and palate fails to rise

CVA may cause

asymmetrical or loss of movement of the uvula

URI nasal mucosa is

red & swollen. There should also be purulent discharge.

With transillumination test of maxillary sinus

client should remove dentures

Transillumination test should be performed

with lights off

Fissured, topographical map-like tongue

normal variation in older clients

Anatomy for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Nasopharynx and oropharynx

exam of nares reveals small erosions in the septum. A possible cause is

recreational drugs

Assessing a client's maxillary sinuses, a red glow appears under the client's eyes. What does this suggest?

sinuses are not inflamed

Taking antibiotics can cause

oral candidiasis

Drying or cracking of the lips can be a sign of

dehydration

gustatory rhinitis

increased clear rhinorrhea at meal time with older adults.

cleft lip and palate has an increased incidence in

Native Americans & Asians

indication of allergies

traverse ridge

Indicative of a nasal fracture

crepitus

Tonsils are not visible

Jarvis Chapter 16 Nose, Mouth and Throat Flashcards

(90 cards)