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GI Anatomy > Jaundice part 2 > Flashcards

Jaundice part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is jaundice

A

yellowing of the sclera/skin

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2
Q

what is jaundice caused by

A

increase in blood levels of bilirubin

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3
Q

what do portal triads contain

A

branch of hepatic vein, hepatic artery and bile duct

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4
Q

what lies between portal triads and central vein

A

rows of hepatocytes known as sinusoids

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5
Q

what is the blood supply for hepatocytes

A

hepatic artery

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6
Q

what type of blood passes through sinusoids

A

nutrient rich

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7
Q

what cleans the nutrient rich blood travelling through sinusoids to central vein

A

hepatocytes

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8
Q

what does the central vein drain into

A

hepatic veins

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9
Q

what is formed as a result of hepatocytes cleaning the nutrient rich blood in sinusoids

A

bile

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10
Q

where does the bile produced by hepatocytes travel to

A

bile duct in the opposite direction

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11
Q

where does the biliary tree carry bile from and to

A

from the gallbladder to the duodenum

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12
Q

which ducts unite to form the common hepatic ducts

A

right and left hepatic ducts

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13
Q

which ducts unite to form the common bile duct

A

common hepatic duct and cystic duct

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14
Q

where is bile released

A

second part of duodenum

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15
Q

is the bile duct anterior or posterior to the first part of the duodenum

A

posterior

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16
Q

what does the bile duct join with

A

main pancreatic duct

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17
Q

what does the bile duct and main pancreatic duct form

A

ampulla of Vater

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18
Q

what does the ampulla of Vater drain into

A

2nd part of duodenum

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19
Q

what does the ampulla of Vater drain through to reach 2nd part of duodenum

A

major duodenal papilla

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20
Q

what type of muscle is the bile duct sphincter made of

A

smooth

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21
Q

what type of muscle in the pancreatic duct sphincter made of

A

smooth

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22
Q

what type of muscle is the sphincter of Oddi made of

A

smooth

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23
Q

what does the sphincter of Oddi surround

A

major duodenal papilla

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24
Q

what investigation is used to study the biliary tree and pancreas

A

ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

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25
Q

in ERCP where is the cannula placed

A

major duodenal papilla

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26
Q

what is icterus another term for

A

jaundice

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27
Q

what two extra hepatic obstructions of the biliary tree can cause jaundice

A

gallstones

carcinoma at the head of pancreas

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28
Q

why does obstruction of biliary tree cause jaundice

A

floe of bile back up to the liver

bile over spills into the blood

29
Q

where is the uncinate process of the pancreas

A

head

30
Q

what surrounds the head of the pancreas

A

duodenum

31
Q

what lies anterior to the pancreas

A

stomach

32
Q

what lies superoposteriorly to the pancreas

A

splenic vessels

33
Q

which cells produce the exocrine secretion of the pancreas

A

acinar cells

34
Q

how does the exocrine pancreatic juice from pancreas enter the duodenum

A

via main pancreatic duct

35
Q

which cells produce the endocrine secretion of the pancreas

A

pancreatic islets of Langerhans

36
Q

what do the endocrine secretions of the pancreas (glucagon, insulin) enter

A

bloodstream

37
Q

which nerves supply the pancreas

A

Vagus, Abdomino pelvic splanchnic nerves

38
Q

what do the vagus and abdomino pelvic splanchnic nerves form around the celiac trunk

A

plexus

39
Q

arterial supply of pancreas

A 
splenic artery branches
superior pancreaticoduodenal (gastroduodenal artery)
inferior pancreaticoduodenal (superior mesenteric artery)
40
Q

what can blockage of ampulla by gallstone cause

A

pancreatitis

41
Q

where is pancreatic pain felt usually

A

epigastric region
umbilical region
patients back

42
Q

what part of the duodenum is superior

A

first

43
Q

what part of duodenum is descending

A

second

44
Q

what part of duodenum is horizontal

A

third

45
Q

what part of duodenum is ascending

A

fourth

46
Q

where does the duodenum begin

A

pyloric sphincter

47
Q

what does the duodenum secrete into the blood

A

peptide hormones

48
Q

where does pain from the duodenal ulcer tend to present

A

epigastric region

49
Q

arterial supply for duodenum

A 
superior pancreaticoduodenal (gastroduodenal artery)
inferior pancreaticoduodenal (superior mesenteric artery)
50
Q

where does the ileum end

A

ileocacecal junction

51
Q

where does the jejunum begin

A

duodenaljejunal flexion

52
Q

how are jejunum and ileum distinguished from each other

A

mucosa of jejunum has plicae circulares

mucosa of distal ileum is much smoother

53
Q

arterial blood supply of jejunum and ileum

A

SMA via jejunal and ileal arteries

54
Q

venous drainage of jejunum and ileum

A

jejunal and ileal veins to SMV to heptal portal vein

55
Q

what do vessels supplying the jejunum and ileum travel within

A

mesentery

56
Q

what helps of the absorption of fats from the GI tract lumen into the intestinal cells

A

Bile

57
Q

what are specialised lymphatic vessels of the small intestine called

A

lacteals

58
Q

where do lacteals travel

A

via lymphatic system to venous system at left venous angle

59
Q

which lymph nodes drain foregut organs

A

celiac lymph nodes

60
Q

which lymph nodes drain midgut organs

A

superior mesenteric lymph nodes

61
Q

which lymph nodes drain hindgut organs

A

inferior mesenteric lymph nodes

62
Q

which lymph nodes drain the kidneys

A

lumbar lymph nodes

63
Q

which lymph nodes drain posterior abdominal wall

A

lumbar lymph nodes

64
Q

which lymph nodes drain pelvis

A

lumbar lymph nodes

65
Q

which lymph nodes drain lower limbs

A

lumbar lymph nodes

66
Q

where does the majority of lymph drain into

A

thoracic duct

67
Q

where does the minority of lymph drain into

A

right lymphatic duct

68
Q

where are venous angles

A

junction between subclavian and internal jugular veins

GI Anatomy (2 decks)

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