Jekyll and Hyde - Discussion of Chapters Flashcards
1
Q
Analysis - Story of the door (Chpt 1)
Which people do you meet at the start of the book?
A
+You meet the odd couple of Mr Utterson and Mr Enfield
2
Q
Which character is introduced at the start of the book?
A
+This chapter introduces Gabriel Utterson, a well-respected lawyer.
+Character - Utterson: Utterson is a typical Victorian gentleman - He’s “embarrassed” in conversations and hides his emotions.
+He’s rational - as a lawyer he deals in facts and evidence.
3
Q
What do Utterson and Enfield have in common?
A
+Utterson and Enfield, his distant relation, appear to have nothing in common, but they enjoy spending time together.
4
Q
What do Utterson and Enfield go on every Sunday?
A
+The two men go on Sunday walks together during which they say “nothing” - their silence creates suspense and a lack of information.
+Theme - Secrecy: In Victorian society, discretion was preferred to gossip.
+It’s Enfield’s rule not to ask questions if something seems suspicious - he doesn’t want to know about immoral behaviour.
+In contrast, Utterson is often the “last reputable acquaintance” of men who have ruined their reputation, which suggests that he’s more tolerant of the sins of others.
5
Q
What do Utterson and Enfield set the scene for?
A
They set the scene for the start of the mystery
6
Q
What street does Utterson and Enfield walk down?
A
+Utterson and Enfield walk down a prosperous street in London.
+This is shown by the condition of the houses, which have “freshly painted shutters” and “well-polished brasses”.
7
Q
What contrasts with the street Utterson and Enfield walk down on?
A
+One building with “nothing but a door” contrasts with the other buildings on the clean, smart street.
+Stevenson uses negative adjectives such as “sinister” and “sordid” to make it stand out as unusual from its surroundings.
+Later in the chapter we are told that Mr Hyde has a key to the building and has been inside - This link is important; Hyde and the building are both sinister and disturbing.
8
Q
What does Enfield’s story introduce?
A
Enfield’s story introduces Mr Hyde
9
Q
What does Enfield tell Utterson that he saw?
A
+Enfield tells Utterson that he saw Hyde trample a young girl.
+Enfield’s Language emphasises how evil Hyde is - he describes him as “like Satan”.
10
Q
How does Hyde trample the girl?
A
+The way Hyde tramples “calmly” over the little girl shows how easily he does violent things.
+When he produces a cheque by a man he won’t mention, this creates mystery.
+Theme: Reputation: Reputation was important amongst upper and middle-class Victorians - Utterson and Enfield promise not to discuss Hyde, whose cheque is signed by Jekyll, in order to protect Jekyll’s reputation.
11
Q
What makes Enfield feel so uncomfortable around Hyde?
A
+Enfield can’t put his finger on why Hyde makes him feel so uncomfortable.
+He says “I never saw a man I so disliked, and yet I scarce know why.
12
Q
To summarise, what happens in the opening chapter?
A
+”Let us make a bargain never to refer to this again”.
+In the opening chapter a strange story is told and a strange man is introduced, but a vow is made never to talk about it again.
+It’d be annoying if the novel ended there, but luckily for you the mystery continues…
13
Q
Search for Mr Hyde (chpt 2)
What does Utterson decide to do?
A
+Utterson decides to play detective to find the child trampler - He’s no Sherlock Holmes, let’s put it that way.
14
Q
What word describes Henry Jekyll’s will?
A
Henry Jekyll’s will is mysterious
15
Q
What does Utterson examine?
A
+Utterson has Jekyll’s will, which says that if Jekyll dies or disappears, all his things should go to Edward Hyde.
+Utterson suspects that Hyde is blackmailing Jekyll.
16
Q
What happens when Utterson visits Dr Lanyon?
A
+When Utterson visits Dr Lanyon, he discovers that Lanyon and Jekyll fell out over Jekyll’s scientific work, which Lanyon describes as “unscientific balderdash”.
+This hints that Jekyll’s experiments are taking a darker direction than conventional science.
Theme - Science: Jekyll is interested in the “fanciful” side of science, whereas Lanyon is more of a traditional scientist.
17
Q
How does Utterson leave Lanyon’s place?
A
+Utterson leaves none the wiser about who Hyde is and why Jekyll is so interested in him.
18
Q
How does the lack of information about Hyde leave Utterson feeling?
A
+This lack of information about Hyde leaves Utterson feeling unsettled.
+He dreams that he’s “haunted” by a man who has no face, who appears on every street of an almost nightmarish version of London.
+These dreams show that Hyde is affecting Utterson’s subconscious and leaves him wanting to see Hyde’s face so that “the mystery would lighten” - visual evidence is important to the rational Utterson.
19
Q
How does Utterson feel when he meets Hyde?
A
+Utterson meets Hyde and feels unsettled
20
Q
How does Utterson feel about the door where Hyde lives?
A
+Utterson begins to “haunt” the door where Enfield first saw Hyde.
+It’s night time and the street is “solitary” and “silent” before Hyde appears - this creates a sense of expectation.
21
Q
What does Utterson make of Hyde?
A
+This is the first time we meet Hyde properly - he’s described a “pale and dwarfish” with a “savage laugh”.
+Utterson emphasises that Hyde seems “hardly human” - this hints that he’s less evolved.
+Like Enfield, Utterson can’t explain what makes Hyde so unsettling.
22
Q
How does Hyde react when Utterson implies that Jekyll told him about Hyde?
A
+When Utterson implies Jekyll told him about Hyde, Hyde strongly denies it.
+The reader is left to wonder how he could be so certain.
23
Q
What is Jekyll’s house?
A
Jekyll’s house is an important symbol
24
Q
What did Utterson know all along?
A
+Utterson knew all along that the building Hyde went into is a laboratory that is attached to Jekyll’s house, but the reader only finds this out now.
+The way information is given out but by bit adds to the mystery.
25
What does Jekyll’s house have?
Jekyll’s house has “a great air of wealth and comfort”, which symbolises his respectable nature and successful life.
+**_Writer's Techniques - Symbolism:_** Jekyll's "comfortable" house contrasts with the "sinister" laboratory that Hyde goes into.
+These buildings are physically connected, which symbolises that Jekyll and Hyde are two different sides of the same person.
26
How does Utterson react when Poole tells him that all servants have orders to obey Hyde?
+When Jekyll's butler Poole tells Utterson that the servants all have orders to obey Hyde, Utterson is more convinced than ever that Jekyll is being made to pay for "some old sin".
+This explanation shows Utterson's concern for Jekyll's reputation.
27
What does Utterson manage to do in Chpt 2 "Search for Hyde" to summarise?
+"There is something more, if I could find a name for it"
+Utterson manages to collar Hyde but he scarpers before Utterson even has the chance to say "Oi, that's not gentlemanly behaviour now is it".
+Hyde makes Utterson feel uneasy, but he can't put his finger on why.
28
_Dr Jekyll was quite at ease [Chpt 3]_
What does Utterson finally do?
+Utterson finally pins down Jekyll - time for some tough lawyer-ish interrogation you'd think.
+Not quite...
29
Who is a popular, respectable man?
Jekyll is a popular, respectable man
30
What does Jekyll invite Utterson to two weeks later?
+Two weeks later, Jekyll invites Utterson and some other "intelligent, reputable" upper-class men to one of his dinner parties.
+This refllects the social circle that Jekyll moves in.
31
When is the first time the reader meets Jekyll?
+The dinner party is the first time the reader meets Jekyll.
+His dinner parties show that he's a sociable man who fits in with respectable Victorian upper-class society.
32
How is Jekyll described?
+Jekyll is described as a kind man.
+However, he also has a "slyish cast" - this hints that he's hiding something or has a darker side to his personality.
33
What does Utterson try to talk to Jekyll about?
+Utterson tries to talk to Jekyll about his will.
34
What does Utterson question Jekyll about?
+Utterson questions Jekyll about the will - He treats the mystery as a case that can be solved rationally.
35
What does Jekyll try to hide when Utterson questions him about the will?
+Jekyll tries to hide the fact that he doesn't want to discuss his will and changes the subject to talk about Lanyon.
+This makes the reader curious about why he can't even tell his close friend and lawyer what's going on.
36
What does Jekyll see Lanyon as?
+Jekyll sees Lanyon as "ignorant" because he dismisses his work.
+This suggests that Jekyll is so determined to pursue his "fanciful" experiments, that he'll risk losing friends over it.
+**_Background and Context:_** Lanyon thinks Jekyll is spending time on "scientific heresies" [Lanyon thinks that Jekyll's scientific work goes against God].
+The 1800s were a time of scientific progress - but some of these discoveries raised questions about the dangers of scientific discoveries.
37
What does Jekyll clearly have?
Jekyll clearly has something to hide
38
How does Jekyll avoid explaining the will?
+Jekyll does all he can to avoid explaining the will:
* Jekyll says that he's in a strange situation that "cannot be mended by talking" - this secrecy builds suspense.
* He also tells Utterson that he has "a very great interest" in Hyde - but again, he won't explain why.
* Jekyll claims that "the moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr Hyde", but we find out later that this isn't true.
39
Why does Jekyll do all he can to avoid explaining the will?
+**_Theme - Secrecy:_** Victorians hid what they saw as their immoral desires to maintain respectability.
+Jekyll hides the truth about Hyde from Utterson because Hyde is the immoral side of his character.
40
What does Utterson try to get Jekyll out of?
+Utterson tries to get Jekyll out of trouble.
+He's more interested in preserving Jekyll's reputation than in the morality of what Jekyll might have done
+Like a true Victorian gentleman, he'd rather not know the details of Jekyll's sins, so he doesn't press him for answers about Hyde.
41
Mention the early signs of Jekyll's dual personality...
+It'll impress the examiner if you can talk about the less obvious evidence for Jekyll's double personality.
+He seems like a pleasant, sociable guy, but he's got a "slyish" look, which hints that he's got a dark side.
42
_The Carew Murder Case [Chpt 4]_
What does Hyde move on from?
+Hyde moves on from trampling kids to beating old men to death.
+He sounds quite the upstanding citizen.
43
Who does Hyde murder?
+Hyde murders Danvers Carew
44
When does chapter four begin?
+This chapter begins nearly a year later.
45
How is the maid's account of Carew's murder written?
+The maid's account of Carew's murder is written like a police statement -This distances the reader from the event itself.
+We're also limited to the maid's perspective - she's "romantically given" so it's hard to know how much we can believe.
46
What is the maid's description of the Carew murder?
+The maid's description of the Carew murder is a shocking change of tone in her initially peaceful account.
+The fact that she faints shows how shocking the murder was.
47
How does Carew appear?
+The old man appears polite and full of "old-word kindness".
+This emphasises his innocence and shows how evil Hyde is - he attacks Carew for no reason.
48
How is Hyde described in the murder of Carew?
+Hyde is described as trampling Carew with "ape-like fury".
+This animalistic description shows how he's primal and savage.
49
What is the detail given on Carew's murder?
+A lot of gruesome detail is given - Hyde "clubbed" Carew, "trampling" him and giving him a "storm of blows" so that his body "jumped upon the roadway".
+**_Writer's Techniques - Language:_** Stevenson appeals to the readers sense of hearing as well as sight by describing how Carew's bones were "audibly" shattered.
+This makes the attack even more horrific and vivid as you imagine how terrible it would be to hear someone's bones breaking.
50
How does Hyde leave Carew?
+Hyde leaves Carew "incredibly mangled" on the street - it's a brutal and shocking crime.
51
What do Utterson and the police search for?
+Utterson and the police search for Hyde
52
What is the policeman's reaction to the identification of Carew?
+The policeman's reaction to the identification of Carew as the victim shows that everyone has a double nature - he's initially concerned, but soon "professional ambition" to turn the situation to his advantage takes over.
+Stevenson shows that hypocrisy is widespread in Victorian society.
53
Where does Utterson lead the police?
+Utterson leads the police to Hyde's house - Hyde lives down a "dingy street" in a "dismal quarter of Soho".
+Utterson sees it as "some city in a nightmare" - it's a place of darkness and swirling fog which makes him feel uneasy
+This contrasts with the comfortable house and respectable areas that Jekyll lives in.
54
Where was Soho?
+**_Writer's Techniques - Setting:_** Soho was an area associated with poverty and immorality.
+It's located in the richer, more respectable West End of London.
+This reflects the relationship between Jekyll and Hyde - the immoral Hyde is located within the respectable Jekyll.
55
How does Stevenson use the character of Hyde's landlady?
+Stevenson uses the character of Hyde's landlady to develop the idea that it's human nature to conceal our faults
+She has an "evil face, smoothed by hypocrisy" but "her manners were excellent", which shows that she's putting on a front of respectability.
56
Comment on the symbolism of the settings...
+Show the examiner that you understandd that Stevenson uses settings as symbols for the characters in the novel.
+Jekyll's house is another great example - it looks respectable, but it's connected to the sinister lab.
57
_Incident of the Letter [Chpt 5]_
How does Jekyll act after Carew's murder?
+Jekyll acts strangely after Carew's murder
58
How does Jekyll behave when Utterson visits him?
+When Utterson visits Jekyll, he finds him behaving oddly:
* Jekyll is in his laboratory when Utterson goes to see him, which is unusual because Utterson hasn't visited his friend there before - this is the "dingy" building we associate with Hyde, and Utterson feels a "sense of strangeness" when he goes in which creates tension and unease.
* Jekyll looks "sick" and speaks in a "feverish manner" - this shows how agitated he is about the murder; He's determined to be rid of Hyde, swearing to God that he'll never see him again.
59
How is Jekyll still holding back information after Carew's murder?
+But he's still holding back information.
+He says he has "grounds for certainty" that Hyde will not return, but he "cannot share with anyone" what these are.
+This increases the mystery.
60
What does Stevenson include in his narrative?
+Stevenson includes letters in his narrative
61
What does Jekyll claim he's received?
+Jekyll claims that he's received a letter from Hyde, which he gives to Utterson because he's worried it will affect his reputation.
+Utterson is relieved - he was concerned that Jekyll's name would be dragged into a scandal.
62
What is Utterson's reaction to the letter supposedly written by Hyde?
+Initially Utterson is convinced by the letter's authenticity, but when Poole says that nothing was delivered he starts to doubt it.
+This shows that even written documents can't be trusted - Stevenson gives the reader reasons throughout the novel to doubt what we're told - it creates an atmosphere of intrigue.
+**_Writer's Techniques - Structure and Narrative:_** The reader learns a lot through the letters and documents - these make the gradual unravelling events of the story seem more realistic.
63
What does Utterson leap to?
Utterson leaps to the wrong conclusion
64
Where does Utterson take the letter?
+Utterson takes the letter home and shows it to Guest, his head clerk - it's Guest who realises that Hyde's writing looks very similar to Jekyll's.
65
How did Utterson feel before asking Guest for more information about the letter?
+Utterson "struggled" with himself before asking Guest for more information - this makes it seem as if Utterson is reluctant to uncover what might be an unpleasant truth.
+**_Theme - Secrecy:_** Utterson usually keeps problems to himself.
+Even when he asks for Guest's help, he does it indirectly, rather than being upfront - It's all part of the Victorian code of restraint and concealing emotions.
66
What does Utterson warn Guest not to do?
+Utterson warns Guest not to speak about the letter - this adds another layer of secrecy to the case.
+Utterson comes to the conclusion that Jekyll has forged the note for Hyde.
67
What does Utterson reckon Jekyll is doing to summarise?
+"If it came to a trial, your name might appear"
+Utterson reckons that Jekyll is protecting Hyde, but he's not to fussed about it - he's just worried that Jekyll's good name will be ruined.
+Reputation over justice eh? That's Victorian gentlemen for you...
68
_Remarkable incident of Dr Lanyon [Chpt 6]_
What does Jekyll seem to be like?
+Jekyll seems to be back to normal - but not for long.
69
What does it seem like as time passes by?
+Time passes and it’s as though Hyde “never existed”.
+This is ironic because Hyde does exist - but only within Jekyll, who is currently the model of Victorian respectability.
70
Who does a new life begin for?
+A new life begins for Jekyll - He holds dinner parties with Utterson and Lanyon, where he acts like he did in the old days.
+He does good deeds and is “at peace”
71
What happens to Jekyll after two months?
+However, after two months Jekyll suddenly retreats from society once again without explanation.
+Jekyll’s odd behaviour adds to the atmosphere of the mystery.
72
How would you describe the sudden change in Lanyon?
The sudden change in Lanyon is shocking.
73
Why does Utterson visit Lanyon again?
+Utterson visits Lanyon again to see if he knows more and is “shocked” by the change he finds in him.
74
How does Lanyon appear in Utterson’s second visit?
+Lanyon appears to be older and balder, but most importantly he seems to have a “deep seated terror of the mind”.
+This extreme change shows how profoundly affected he is by what he’s seen.
+The reader doesn’t find out what’s happened which causes the suspense to build.
75
What does Lanyon believe in Utterson’s second visit?
+Lanyon believes he’ll die soon and says that “if we knew all, we should be more glad to get away”.
+Lanyon’s use of language shows how much he has changed - the first time we meet Lanyon he’s an articulate man of science, but now his speech is vague and cryptic.
76
What does Utterson’s hounour prevent him from?
+Utterson’s honour prevents him from discovering the truth.
77
What does Utterson write to Jekyll about?
+Utterson writes to Jekyll asking why Lanyon feels so negatively about him.
+Jekyll’s reply is “darkly mysterious”, telling Utterson, “You must suffer me to go my own dark way.” - This hints that Jekyll’s involved in a dangerous situation.
+**_Theme - Dual nature of man_****_:_** Jekyll writes in his reply to Utterson that, “I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also”.
+This hints at the internal conflict between Jekyll and Hyde and suggests that the more Hyde sins the more Jekyll suffers.
78
What happens a fortnight after Utterson writes to Jekyll?
+A fortnight late Lanyon dies and leaves Utterson an envelope.
+If he reads it he’ll find out the truth, but another envelope inside says it can’t be opened till the death or dissappearance of Jekyll.
79
What is Utterson tempted to do?
+Utterson is tempted to open the letter but he’s a man of “professional honour”, so he locks it in his safe.
+This shows that Utterson values moral principles above personal curiosity.
+**_Writer’s techniques - Symbolism:_** The locked safe could also symbolise Utterson’s unwillingness to confront the mystery - he’d rather lock it away.
80
To summarise, what does the situation of Jekyll and Hyde seem?
+”the packet slept in the inmost corner of his private safe”.
+The situation makes no sense.
+But what’s this? A letter explaining everything? Best lock it away then.
+Dangling letter shaped carrots like this is mean - Stevenson sure knows how to tease.
81
_Incident at the Window & the last night [Chpt 7&8]_
What is nearly revealed?
Jekyll's secret is nearly revealed
82
Who does Jekyll talk to from his window?
+Jekyll talks to Utterson and Enfield from the window of his laboratory.
+As they talk, a look of "abject terror and despair" comes across Jekyll's face - it's a sign that he's about to transform into Hyde.
83
How does Utterson react to the look on Jekyll's face from the window?
+The look on Jekyll's face "froze the very blood" of Utterson and Enfield.
+They don't know the truth about Jekyll and Hyde at this point - but their reaction shows that they feel they've witnessed something strange and inexplicable.
+**_Writer's Techniques - Gothic Novel:_** This hints at the dark or possibly supernatural forces that are acting on Jekyll.
+Supernatural or unexplained events are an important feature of the Gothic novel.
84
What does Jekyll do in his laboratory?
+Jekyll locks himself in his cabinet - a small room in his laboratory.
85
What is Poole clearly concerned about?
Poole is clearly concerned about Jekyll.
86
Who does Utterson get a surprise visit from?
Utterson gets a surprise visit from Poole, who's worried about Jekyll's irrational behaviour.
87
What does Poole avoid?
Poole avoids Utterson's questions.
+Utterson tells him to "be explicit" but Poole won't say what's happened.
+This lack of information creates suspense.
88
What does Poole openly admit to Utterson?
+Poole openly admits that he's afraid - by admitting his emotions [rather than hiding them], he makes Utterson realise how serious the situation is.
89
How does Poole's fear make Utterson feel?
+Poole's fear makes Utterson feel "frightened", which then "irritated" him - he's a rational person who's more comfortable dealing with facts than emotions.
90
What do the terrified servants increase?
The terrified servants increase the suspense
91
What happens when Utterson and Poole arrive at Jekyll's house?
+When Utterson and Poole arrive at Jekyll's house, one of the maids is "hysterical" with fear.
+Utterson thinks this behaviour is "Very irregular, very unseemly" - he's still concerned with the appearance of order.
92
What does Utterson find out from Poole?
Utterson finds out what has been making Poole so anxious.
* Poole has heard crying from inside the cabinet
* The door to the cabinet remains locked
* Poole saw someone outside the cabinet
93
What has Poole heard from the cabinet?
+Poole has heard crying from inside the cabinet.
+He was given a desperate note for the chemist saying "For God's sake...find me some of the old".
+Jekyll's desperation is clear from the anxious tone of his letter - there's mystery about why he needs the medicine so badly.
94
What does the door to the cabinet remain?
+The door to the cabinet remains locked - meals are left outside and taken when "nobody was looking."
+The locked door is another barrier to revealing Jekyll's secret -There's a sense that something disturbing and dangerous is hidden behind it.
95
Who did Poole see outside the cabinet?
+Poole saw someone outside the cabinet - if it was Jekyll, it looked like he was wearing a mask.
+The mask is an important image - It explores the idea of dual personality.
+Hyde is a disguise which allows Jekyll to commit murder acts without ruining his respectable reputation.
96
What does Utterson struggle to find?
Utterson struggles to find a rational explanation to the man in the cabinet
97
What do Poole and Utterson have for what's going on behind the cabinet?
+Poole and Utterson have different explanations for what's going on behind the cabinet.
98
What explanation does Poole have for whats going on in the laboratory?
+Poole is convinced that Jekyll has been murdered by Hyde, who's still in the cabinet.
+He's sure it's Hyde because of the man's appearance and the sense of unease he felt around him.
99
What explanation does Utterson have for what's going on in the laboratory?
+Utterson thinks that Poole's explanation is a "wild" tale that doesn't hold up to reason.
+He believes that Jekyll has an illness which has changed his appearance and caused him to withdraw from society.
+This shows that Utterson is still looking for a rational explanation.
100
What does Utterson decide to do?
Utterson decides to break the door down
101
What does Poole convince Utterson about?
+Poole convinces Utterson that Hyde murdered Jekyll and that he's still in the cabinet with his victim.
+Poole says that his explanation is based on "feelings", not "evidence", but feels convinced by it.
+This highlights the lack of reliable evidence availible to Utterson.
102
What does Utterson do despite his anxiety?
+Despite his anxiety, Utterson approaches breaking down the door in a typically logical way - he deliver's orders and tries to calm the servant's nerves.
+**_Writer's Techniques - Structure:_** This scene is climatic - when the door is broken down, the mystery will be revealed.
103
What does the locked door symbolise?
+The locked door symbolises the barriers to finding and accepting the truth of man's dual nature.
+Utterson and Poole are "appalled" that they've broken in to Jekyll's cabinet - this act goes against their usual restraint.
+They are reluctant to disrupt the order of their civilised world.
104
What do Utterson and Poole find once they've broken down the door?
+They find Hyde dead on the floor inside
+Utterson and Poole find Hyde's "sorely contorted" body inside the cabinet - but Jekyll is nowhere to be found.
+The "crushed phial" in Hyde's hand shows that he's committed suicide.
105
What does the glowing fire and cosy room contrast with?
+The glowing fire and cosy room contrast with the horrible discovery of Hyde's body - this highlights the horror of what's happened to Jekyll's ordered existence.
106
What does the "commonplace" room show?
+The "commonplace" room shows that Jekyll was just an ordinary person - this emphasises that his concerns about the good and the bad within him are relavant to everyone.
107
What does Utterson find in the cabinet room with Hyde's body?
+Utterson finds a letter from Jekyll which he goes home to read with Lanyon's account.
+We're told "this mystery was now to be explained."
+**_Chracter - Hyde:_** Utterson sees "blasphemies" written on one of Jekyll's favourite religious texts.
+This shows how Hyde takes pleasure in undermining the good side of Jekyll's personality.
108
Write about how Stevenson creates suspense...
+Show you understand Stevenson's techniques by commenting on how he builds suspense.
+This chapter, and the novel as a whole, is packed full of it - the scared sevants, Poole's anxiety and the locked door.
109
_Dr Lanyon's Narrative [Chpt 9]_
What is Lanyon's narrative?
Lanyon's narative is a flash-back
110
Where does Lanyon's letter take the reader?
+Lanyon's letter takes the reader back to the middle of the main narrative.
+This shifting narrative makes the story feel quite fragmented, as if the truth is only being revealed in parts.
111
What did Jekyll do before he shut himself away?
+Before Jekyll shut himself away, he sent a letter asking Lanyon to force open his cabinet and take one of his drawers.
+It's a strange request
112
What do we finally hear in this chapter?
+**_Writer's Techniques - Narrative:_** In this chapter, we finally hear what scared Lanyon back in chapter 6.
+The first-person narrative makes the events seem more believable.
113
What hints at the mysterious nature of Jekyll's experiments?
+The "blood red" colour of the chemicals in the drawer hint at the sinister and mysterious nature of Jekyll's experiments.
+Even Lanyon [a fellow scientist] can "make no guess" at what some of the chemicals are, which shows how far Jekyll has strayed from traditional science.
114
Who does Lanyon meet for the first time?
Lanyon meets Hyde for the first time
115
What happens when the 'messenger' arrives?
+When the messenger arrives, Lanyon doesn't know that it's Hyde, although the reader does.
+This creates tension - we know what he's capable of.
116
When does Hyde arrive at Lanyon's place?
+Hyde arrives at midnight - Stevenson frequently links Hyde with the night to emphasise his link with secret deeds and hidden desires.
117
How does Lanyon react to Hyde?
+Lanyon also experiences the odd feeling that other characters have around Hyde.
+Lanyon thought this was just "personal distaste", but later realises it's caused by something "much deeper in the nature of man".
+**_Theme - Dual Nature of Man:_** Meeting Hyde causes Lanyon to confront an unpleasant truth about human nature - that everyone has evil inside them.
118
What does Lanyon's curiosity lead him to?
Lanyon's curiosity leads him to discover Jekyll's secret
119
What does Hyde ask Lanyon?
+Hyde asks Lanyon if the "greed of curiosity" has got the better of him and offers to let Lanyon watch him take the potion.
+Lanyon then sees Hyde transform into Jekyll.
+**_Theme - Science and Religion:_** Hyde says that if Lanyon sees Jekyll's discovery, it would open "new avenues to fame and power", but it would also "stagger the unbelief of Satan".
+This shows how knowledge which challenges God's order is both attractive and dangerous.
120
How does Stevenson describe the transformation of Hyde to Jekyll?
+Stevenson describes the transformation vividly - Hyde's face became "suddenl black".
+This detail emphasises how distressing it would be to witness.
121
What does Lanyon say after the transformation?
+After seeing the transformation, Lanyon says that his "life is shaken to its roots".
+Everything he believes in has been shattered - Jekyll has proven to Lanyon the type of science he denied was real.
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What does Stevenson still not explain?
+Although this chapter gives us more information, Stevenson still doesn't explain why the transformation happened.
+There are some things that only Jekyll can explain, which increases our anticipation.
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What was a shocker?
+"the features seemed to melt"
+That was a shocker - Jekyll and Hyde turned out to be the same person.
+Or not - the story is well known today, so we're not as surprised as the Victorians would have been.
+It's still a cracking mystery though.
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_Henry Jekyll's full statement of the case [chpt 10]_
What does Jekyll talk about?
Jekyll talks about the discovery of man's dual nature
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How was Jekyll as a young man?
+As a young man, Jekyll was "fond of the respect" others gave him.
+His concern with how others viewed him led him to "wear" a more serious appearance than he actually felt - this is the Victorian ideal of a respectable gentleman.
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What was Jekyll tempted by at the same time?
+At the same time, he was tempted by "pleasures" which he felt guilty about - he thought they would affect his reputation so he "concealed" them.
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What does Jekyll's account fill in?
+**_Writer's Techniques - Structure:_** Jekyll's account fills in the mysterious gaps in the novel - he's the only one to actually put into words what he did.
+Things which were left unexplained start to make sense, such as Jekyll's absences and why Hyde is named in Jekyll's will.
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What does Jekyll explain that he wanted?
+Jekyll explains that he wanted to hide his sins because he set such high standards for himself - he claims that it's not because his desires were particularly awful.
+This makes us sympathise with Jekyll - in understanding his motivation, we can see how stressful he found the strain of being respectable.
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What did Jekyll want to enjoy?
He wanted to enoy his bad side without feeling shame
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What did Jekyll dream of?
+Jekyll dreamt of separating his good and bad sides - his bad side could be immoral without feeling held back by the need to be respectable, and the good side wouldn't feel guilty about his desires to do immoral things.
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What does Jekyll say would be a miracle?
+He says it would be a "miracle" to make his "beloved daydream" a reality.
+This language suggests that he knows that his plan is impossible, yet Jekyll is desperate to find a solution to his guilt and shame.
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What kind of science did Jekyll use to separate his two sides?
+Jekyll used "transcendental" science to separate his two sides.
+Although he was aware of the risks, the "temptation of a discovery" was too much for him to resist - this shows that knowledge can be both fascinating and dangerous.
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How does Jekyll feel as Hyde?
+As Hyde, he feels younger and more carefree, but also more wicked.
+Despite Hyde's evil, Jekyll feels a "leap of welcome" for Hyde - this shows how tempting it can be to indulge your darker side.
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What doesn't the experiment go to?
The experiment doesn't go to plan
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How would Jekyll have created an angel?
+Jekyll says that if he had approached the experiment with good intentions, he could have created an "angel".
+However, during the experiment, he was motivated by his desire to do sinful things without repercussions.
+This resulted in the purely evil Hyde while Jekyll remained a mixture of good and evil.
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How did Jekyll initially want to use Hyde?
+Jekyll initially wants to use Hyde to indulge his "undignified" pleasures but in the hands of Hyde, these become "monstrous".
+Hyde's sins are worse because he's so evil - there's no good in him to balance his behaviour.
+**_Theme - Secrecy:_** Jekyll doesn't tell us what immoral activities Hyde got up to - this increases the horror because it's left to the reader's imagination.
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What is Jekyll shocked by?
+Jekyll is shocked by the extent of Hyde's evil but at this stage justifies it by believing that it's "Hyde alone" who is guilty.
+Jekyll doesn't see Hyde's actions as his actions - this is hypocritical.
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What does Jekyll start to lose?
Jekyll starts to lose control
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What do the two sides of Jekyll struggle with?
The two sides of Jekyll struggle with each other.
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What does Jekyll wake up to find one morning?
+One morning Jekyll wakes up to find that he's turned into Hyde without taking any drugs.
+Hyde has grown taller as his evil personality been more "nourished".
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What does Jekyll decide to stop taking?
+Jekyll decides to stop taking the potion that turns him into Hyde and for two months leads a good, respectable life.
+However, he is soon "tortured with throes and longings" to be Hyde again.
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What does Jekyll give in to?
+Jekyll gives in to temptation and takes the potion - that night, he brutally murders Carew; this shows that he's losing control.
+**_Theme - Dual Nature of Man:_** This suggests that the more you repress your desires, the more strongly they will come out in the end - Jekyll kept Hyde "long caged" but he returned more evil than ever.
+**_Theme - Violence:_** It's shocking how much pleasure Hyde gets from the murder - he feels "glee" and tasted "delight from every blow".
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What does Jekyll not want to be anymore?
Jekyll doesn't want to be Hyde anyomore
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What is Jekyll horrified by?
+Jekyll is horrified by the murder - he decides to live a respectable life, but returns to his immoral ways as an "ordinary secret sinner".
+This phrase reminds us that everyone does bad things and it's the shame Jekyll feels for hiding these sins that motivates him to create Hyde.
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What happens suddenly one day?
+One day, Jekyll suddenly turns into Hyde while sitting in the park.
+He believes this happened because he started to sin again as Jekyll - this destroyed the "balance" of his soul.
+**_Character - Jekyll:_** Jekyll turns into Hyde after feeling satisfied by his own "active goodwill".
+It's ironic that he transforms into Hyde at a moment when he's congratulating himself on his virtues.
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What does Jekyll hate?
+Jekyll hates "the brute that slept within" him.
+This shows the hypocritical side of Jekyll - he's struggling to accept that Hyde is part of him.
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What does Jekyll realise?
Jekyll realises his experiment has destroyed his life
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What happens as Jekyll gets weaker?
As Jekyll gets weaker, Hyde gets stronger - this causes tension between the two sides of his character.
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What does Jekyll now see Hyde as?
Jekyll now sees Hyde as "inorganic" - something unnatural and artificial that's not part of him.
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What does Hyde resent?
Hyde resents the way that Jekyll has turned against him.
+Hyde begins to play "ape-like tricks" to punish Jekyll.
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What happens when Jekyll runs out of a vital ingredient for the potion?
+When Jekyll runs out of a vital ingredient for the potion, there's a sense of approaching horror as the reader knows that Jekyll will be completely taken over by Hyde and his life will be over.
+**_Theme - Dual Nature of Man_**: Jekyll's fate is disturbing - especially because the reader is able to apply his thoughts on human nature to their own lives.
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Back up your interpretations with evidence...
+It will make your essay stand out if you include your own ideas and express a clear opinion.
+There's no right or wrong answer, as long as you back up your ideas with evidence.
