JJK3

Question 1

Name 5 typical anti-parasitic agents you might find in a dog collar

Answer 1

Propoxur
Diazinon
Permethrin
Deltamethrin
Amitraz

Question 2

What class is Propoxur (10%)

Answer 2

Carbamate

Question 3

What class is Diazinon (dimpylate) (15%)

Answer 3

Organophosphorus

Question 4

What class is Permethrin (cis: trans 40:60)

Answer 4

Pyrethroid

Question 5

What class is Delamethrin (4%)

Answer 5

Pyrethroid, dogs

Question 6

What class is Amitraz (9%)

Answer 6

Amidine

Question 7

Outline 2 ways of preparing matrix collars

Answer 7

1. mix all constituents of collar together in their molten or solution state, followed by moulding or co-extrusion into the desired shape.
2. A solution of monomer can be allowed to polymerise in the presence of the drug.

Question 8

Which polymers are usually used to prepare collars

Answer 8

Low molecular weight thermoplastic polymers such as
PVC
Polyurethane

Question 9

Why would you use polyurethane over PVC in a dog collar

Answer 9

improves resistance of the matrix to swelling when exposed to water during swimming or bathing

Question 10

What could you do to aid release of solid drug from a collar

Answer 10

Addition of a plasticiser

Question 11

Example of plasticising agent

Answer 11

Dioctyl phthalate

Question 12

Examples of spreading agents

Answer 12

Silicone oils, fatty acids (such as stearic acid), fatty acid esters (waxes)

Question 13

Examples of stabilisers

Answer 13

Ca/Zn stearate synergistically in combination

Question 14

Example of anti-oxidants

Answer 14

Vitamin E - tocopherols in soybean oil

Question 15

What happens to unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil

Answer 15

they form epoxide rings which readily react with HCl (formed upon breakdown of PVC)

Question 16

What is the active ingredient in Gulliver’s flea collar

Answer 16

Dimpylate (as stabilised diazinon at 92% diazinon)

Question 17

What is the indication of Seresto collar?

Answer 17

Tics, fleas, lice in dogs >8kg

Question 18

What are the active ingredients in Seresto collar?

Answer 18

Imidacloprid
Flumethrin

Question 19

What is the function of propylene glycol dicaprylocaprate

Answer 19

Plasticiser
Drug release enhancing spreading agent

Question 20

What is another name for propylene glycol dicaprylocaprate

Answer 20

Propylene glycol octanoate decanoate

Question 21

What is propylene glycol dicaprylocaprate a mixture of?

Answer 21

Dicaprylic (C8)
Dicaproic (C10) esters of propylene glycol

Question 22

Give 4 examples of spot on treatments for dogs/cats

Answer 22

Imidacloprid/ moxidectin - dogs
Emodepside/ praziquantel - cats
Permethrin - dogs
Fipronil - dogs, cats

Question 23

Do solvents or co solvents have a lower boiling point

Answer 23

Co solvents (< 80)

Question 24

3 examples of co-solvents

Answer 24

Acetone
Ethanol
IPA

Question 25

is the co-solvent or solvent more volatile

Answer 25

Co-solvent

Question 26

What is the ratio co-solvents are present in in spot on formulations

Answer 26

1/15 - 1/12

Question 27

4 examples of spot on solvents

Answer 27

Alcohols Glycols N-methyl pyrrolidine Hydrocarbon oils

Question 28

Are spot ons usually aqueous or non-aqueous?

Answer 28

Non-aqueous

Question 29

Give examples of crystallisation inhibitors in spot ons

Answer 29

PVP, PEGs, benzyl alcohol, glycerol, polysorbates Anionic surfactants - Na or K stearate Cationic surfactants - quaternary ammonium compounds Non-ionic surfactants - polysorbate 80

Question 30

What range are crystallisation inhibitors present in spot ons in?

Answer 30

5-15%

Question 31

API in Advantage

Answer 31

Imidacloprid

Question 32

Describe the look of Advantage

Answer 32

clear liquid, non-aqueous, yello

Question 33

Indication of Advantage

Answer 33

Treatment and prevention of flea infestation in dogs and cats

Question 34

API in Advocate

Answer 34

Imidacloprid Moxidectin

Question 35

Advocate species

Answer 35

Dogs and cats

Question 36

What is moxidectin?

Answer 36

A second generation macrocyclic lactone of milbemycin family.

Question 37

How is moxidectin absorbed?

Answer 37

Systemically

Question 38

How is Imidacloprid absorbed?

Answer 38

Topically

Question 39

What is imidacloprid

Answer 39

Nitroguanidine bearing a chloronicotiinyl group

Question 40

What is moxidectin effective against

Answer 40

GI worms, lice, heartworm

Question 41

What is Imidacloprid effective against

Answer 41

Fleas

Question 42

API in Advantix

Answer 42

Imidacloprid Permethrin

Question 43

Indication of Advantix

Answer 43

Treatment and prevention of flea infestation in dogs only

Question 44

Can Advantix be used in cats?

Answer 44

No, it is poisonous to them as they are unable to metabolise permethrin

Question 45

API in Stronghold

Answer 45

Selamectin

Question 46

Indications of Stronghold

Answer 46

- Fleas in cats and dogs - Lice in cats and dogs - Heartworm and ear mites in cats - Hookworm and roundworm in cats - Sarcoptic mange in dogs