Joint Structure and Function

Question 1

Open Kinematic Chain

Answer 1

Distal joint segment is free to move while proximal segment provides stability

Question 2

Closed Kinematic Chain

Answer 2

Distal joint segment is “fixed” from moving while proximal segments are allowed to move on stable distal segment

Question 3

Stability Joints

Answer 3

Simple Designs

Question 4

Mobility Joints

Answer 4

More complex joints

Question 5

Transegrity

Answer 5

Joints that serve stability and mobility roles

Question 6

Arthoses

Answer 6

1) Synarthroses/Synarthrodial (nonsynovial)

2) Diarthroses/Diarthrodial

Question 7

Synarthroses

Answer 7

1) Fibrous

2) Cartilagenous Tissue

Question 8

Diarthroses/Diarthrodial (synovial)

Answer 8

Friction free environment

Question 9

Fibrous Joints

Answer 9

1) Sutures
2) Gomphoses
3) Syndesmoses

Question 10

Sutures

Answer 10

Bone united by collagenous sutural ligament or membrane
Shapes interlock or overlap
Occurs only in the skull

Question 11

Gomphosis

Answer 11

Surfaces adapted like a peg in hole
Connected via fibrous tissue
Teeth

Question 12

Syndesmosis

Answer 12

Bones joined directly by an interosseous ligament or cord or aponeurotic membrane
Small amount of motion
EX: between radius and ulna

Question 13

Cartilagenous Joints

Answer 13

1) Symphysis Joint

2) Synchondrosis Joint

Question 14

Symphysis Joint

Answer 14

Secondary Joint

Covered by thin lamina of hyaline cartilage & directly joined by fibrocartilage in the form of disks or pads

Question 15

Synchondrosis Joint

Answer 15

Primary Cartilagenous
Hyaline cartilage joins the surface
Forms a bond at ossifying centers
Permits growth, stability

Question 16

Diarthoses

Answer 16

End of bony components are free to move

Synovial Joints

Question 17

Synovial Joint Construction

Answer 17

Joint Capsule
Joint Cavity
Synovial tissue lining inner capsule face
Synovial fluid
Hyaline cartilage/AC lining contiguous bones

Question 18

Joint Capsule

Answer 18

Ranges from thin, loose, redundant to thick and dense

Question 19

Stratum Fibrosum

Answer 19

Outer Fibrous capsule composed of DCT
Type I collagen
Poorly vascularized and richly innervated

Question 20

Stratum Synovium

Answer 20

Inner synovial fluid production

Highly vascularized and richly innervated

Question 21

Synovial Fluid

Answer 21

Thin film that covers inner layer of joint capsule and AC
Reduces friction and provides nourishment
Composed of hyaluronic Acid and Lubricin

Question 22

Hyaluronic Acid

Answer 22

Responsible for viscosity of fluid and reduction of friction

Question 23

Lubricin

Answer 23

Responsible for cartilage on cartilage lubrication

Question 24

Thixotropic Property

Answer 24

Semi-solid fluid state

Viscosity varies inversely with joint velocity or rate shear

Question 25

Uniaxial diarthroses

Answer 25

1 plane of motion around 1 axis

Question 26

Biaxial diarthroses

Answer 26

2 planes of motion around 2 axes

Question 27

Triaxial diarthroses

Answer 27

3 planes of motion around 3 axis

Question 28

Trochoid Joint

Answer 28

Pivot joints | Ring shaped component and other component rotates in the ring

Question 29

Ovoid Joint

Answer 29

Any joint with one surface convex while the other is concave

Question 30

Biaxial Diarthrodial Joints

Answer 30

Condyloid Joints | Saddle Joints

Question 31

Multiaxial Joints

Answer 31

Plane Joints | Ball and Socked Joints

Question 32

Osteokinematics

Answer 32

Movement of one bony shaft in relation to another in a particular plane

Question 33

Arthrokinematics

Answer 33

Movement of joint surfaces in relation to each other | Accessory movements occur in combination with each other

Question 34

Loss in arthrokinematics may ____

Answer 34

equal loss in gross osteokinematic ROM

Question 35

Roll

Answer 35

Rolling ball, occurs in the direction of osteokinematic motion

Question 36

Slide/Glide

Answer 36

Skate on ice or intervertebral facet joint motion; direction of motion dependent on joint structure

Question 37

Spin

Answer 37

Marble spinning on a table; radius on capitulum

Question 38

Concave-Convex Rule

Answer 38

When a concave articular surface moves on a stationary convex surface, roll and slide occur in the same direction

Question 39

Concave-Convex Rule

Answer 39

Convex surface moving on a concave surface; roll and slide occur in opposite directions Must have a force couple

Question 40

Closed Vs Open Chain

Answer 40

Osteo and arthrokinematic movements are typically the same in open or closed chain; but the timing, sequence, or magnitude may be different

Question 41

Reaction force

Answer 41

Produced within a passive structure to resist compressive or tensile forces and is a result of the structure of anatomical tissue