Joints Flashcards
Name the three types of joints?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
State the range of movement that can occur with each type
Fibrous: bones held closely together by fibrous connective tissue. Little or no movement e.g. sutures between cranial bones
Cartilaginous: allow a small amount of movement. Bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage e.g. epiphysial plates, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
Synovial Joints: Freely moving joint e.g pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and socket-joints
Name two types of synovial joints
- Elbow
- Hip joint
- Knee joint
State the function of the synovial membrane
- To produce synovial fluid
State four functions of synovial fluid
- reduces friction between the cartilages by lubricating the joint. (so prevents heat production & wearing away of joint)
- Absorbs shocks
- Supplies the cartilage with O2 & nutrients removes CO2 & other wastes
- Contains phagocytes that remove microbes & debris
Describe two homeostatic imbalances that occur at synovial joints
Sprains
Dislocations
Describe Flexion?
– A decrease in the angle between articulating bones
Describe Extension?
– An increase in the angle between articulating bones
Describe Hypertension?
- Extension beyond the anatomical position.
Describe Abduction?
- Movement of a bone away from the midline
Describe adduction?
- Movement of a bone toward the midline
Describe Circumduction?
- Movement of the distal end of a part of the body in a circle
Describe Dorsiflexion?
- Flexing the foot at the ankle
Describe Planta flexion?
- Extending the foot at the ankle
Describe Inversion?
- Medial movement of the sole of the foot.
Describe Eversion?
- Lateral movement of the sole of the foot.
Describe Pronation?
- Rotating the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly
Describe Supination?
- Rotating the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly
What makes up the elbow joint?
- The elbow joint is formed by the humerus, radius and ulna
What makes up the knee joint?
- The knee joint is formed by the femur, tibia, patella.
What movements does the knee joint make?
- Flexion & extension, slight rotation
What movements are produced by a ball and socket joint?
- Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation, circumduction
Describe a ball and socket joint?
- A ball that fits into a cup-like a socket
What makes up the shoulder joint?
- The shoulder joint forms between the glenoid cavity of the scapula & the head of the humerus
