joints Flashcards
(30 cards)
Articular fat pads
cushion btwn fibrous layer of capsule (intracapsular) and the synovial membrane (extra-articular)
Articular disks
- fibrocartilage
- stabilize articular surfaces to improve the fit of the bone ends, stablilize joint, reduce wear and tear
tendon sheath
elongated bursa that wraps around tendons
bursa
- outside joint capsule
- flattened fibrous sacs
- synovial membranes and filled with synovial fluid
- act as ball bearingswhere ligaments muscles tendons and bones rub together
3 stabilizing factors of synovial joints
1) shape of articular surface
2) ligamentnumber and location
3) muscle tone (keeps tendons taught across joints
how many types of synovial joints
6 types, based onshape of articular surfaces
synovial joints: plane joint
carpels and metacarpels
flat articular surfaces
gliding non axial movement
synovial joints: hinge joints
cylinder and trough
humerous and ulna
flexion and extension uni-axial movement
synovial joints: pivot joint
sleeve and axle
radius and ulna
uniaxial movement: rotation
synovial joints: condylar joint
one concave one convex (oval shaped)
btwn metatarsals and phalanges
biaxial movement: (flexion and extension) (abduction and adduction)
synovial joints: saddle joints
concave and convex (saddle shaped)
btwn tapezium and metacarpal
biaxial movement: (flexion and extension) (abduction and adduction)
synovial joints: Ball and socket joints
- cup and spherical head
- shoulder and hip joints
- multiaxial movement: (flexion and extension) (abduction and adduction) (rotation)
TMJ (temporalmandibular joint)
- temporal fossa
- articular tubercle
- mandibular condyle
- articular capsule thickens into strong lateral ligaments
- most easily dislocated joint in body
how fix TMJ dislocation
roll syringe back
reem it
Hip (coxal) joint
- ball and socket
- acetabular labrum - enhances depth of socket
- head of femur articulates with acetabulum
- good range of mvmnt but limited by depth of pocket (but makes much harder to dislocate = stable)
hip joint ligaments
- 4
- what one not stab
illiofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ishiofemoral ligament
ligament of the head of the femur
-ligamentum teres
+dosent stabilize
+ brings in BVs to head of femur
glenohumoral joint (shoulder)
- ball and socket
- stab sacrificed for mvmnt
- slightly deepend rim of fibrocartilage (glenoid labrum) improves fit
glenohumoral joint (shoulder) reinforcing ligaments
coracohumoral ligament - helps support weight of upper limb
3 glenohumoral ligaments (upper middle inferior) form somewhat weak anterior reinforcements
glenohumoral joint (shoulder): reinforcing muscle tendons
tendon of the long head of the biceps
tendons of the rotator cuff
knee joint
largest and most complex joint of the body
3 joints
1) femoral patellar (gliding motion during knee flexion)
2&3) lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints
+btwn femoral condyles and lateral and medial minisci of the tibia
+flexion, extension, some rotation when knee partially flexed
largest and most complex joint of body
knee joint
knee joint capsule
- reinforced by muscle tendons
- absent anteriorly
what helps prevent movement at knee joint
capsular and extracapsular ligaments help prevent movement at knee joint
anteriorly at the knee joint the quadriceps tendon gives rise to:
- lateral and medial patellar retinacula
- patellar ligamnet
