Joints Flashcards
1
Q
Joint
A
The place where two bones come together
2
Q
What are the three types of joints?
A
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
3
Q
Fibrous joint
A
- immovable
- connects bones
(skull & pelvis)
4
Q
Cartilaginous
A
- slightly movable
- bones attached by cartilage
(spine or ribs)
5
Q
Synovial
A
- freely movable
(knees)
6
Q
Factors affecting joint stability
A
- articular surfaces
- ligaments
- muscle tone
7
Q
How do articular surfaces affect joint stability?
A
- shape plays minor role
- deep sockets/grooves provide stability
8
Q
How do ligaments affect joint stability?
A
- ligaments = stronger joints
- mobility restricted
- so only stretch 6% beyond normal length before tear
9
Q
How does muscle tone affect joint stability?
A
- constant, low level of contractile force
- keeps tension on ligaments
10
Q
What are the six groups of synovial joints?
A
- ball & socket joints
- hinge joint
- pivot joint
- gliding joint
- saddle joint
- condyloid joint
11
Q
Characteristics of Ball and Socket joint
A
- one end of bone shaped like ball
- fits into hollow socket at the end of another joint
- greatest range of movement
- held together by ligaments & tendons
12
Q
Examples of ball and socket joint
A
- shoulder
- hip joints
13
Q
Characteristics of hinge joint
A
- joining of two bone ends that have smooth surfaces
- shaped to move against each other with minimum friction
- extensive flexion & extension with small rotation
- strong ligaments
14
Q
Examples of hinge joint
A
Knee joints
15
Q
Characteristics of pivot joint
A
- end of one bone has a ‘peg’
- ‘peg’ fits into a ‘ring’ on the other bone
- only rotational movements
