Joints

Question 1

Joint

Answer 1

Articulation (point where bones meet and connect)

Question 2

Diarthrotic joint

Answer 2

Freely moveable (shoulder, knee, wrist, etc.)

Question 3

Amiphiarthrotic joint

Answer 3

Slightly moveable (intervertebral discs)

Question 4

Synarthrotic joint

Answer 4

Immoveable (tooth in socket)

Question 5

Synostosis

Answer 5

Two bones fused into one by bone tissue (formed at various ages, when bones fuse at joint)

Question 6

Does synostosis have mobility?

Answer 6

No! not considered a joint

Question 7

What are examples of synostosis?

Answer 7

Coxal bone fuses from 3 parts (by adulthood) and skull bones fuse together after middle age

Question 8

Fibrous joints

Answer 8

Bones joined by dense regular CT

Question 9

What is the mobility of fibrous joints?

Answer 9

Synarthrotic to diarthrotic

Question 10

Suture

Answer 10

Between most skull bones (syn)

Question 11

Syndesmosis

Answer 11

Length of fibers varies, determines mobility

Question 12

What are two examples of syndesmosis joints?

Answer 12

Distal tibiofibular joint (syn), interosseous membrane in forearm (di)

Question 13

Gomphosis

Answer 13

Between tooth and socket (syn)

Question 14

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 14

Bones joined by cartilage

Question 15

Synchondrosis

Answer 15

Bones joined by hyaline cartilage

Question 16

What are two examples of synchondrosis joints?

Answer 16

Epiphyseal plate (syn), 1st sternocostal joint (syn)

Question 17

Symphysis

Answer 17

Main cartilage is fibrocartilage (maybe hyaline)

Question 18

What are two examples of symphysis joints?

Answer 18

Intervertebral disc (amp), pubic symphysis (amp)

Question 19

Synovial joints

Answer 19

Bones separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity

Question 20

What are examples of synovial joints?

Answer 20

Knee, shoulder, knuckle, wrist, ribs, sternum, ear bones (ALL DI)

Question 21

Joint cavity

Answer 21

Contains synovial fluid, blood filtrate, lubricates, nourishes articular cartilage

Question 22

Articular capsule (inner layer)

Answer 22

Synovial membrane; produces synovial fluid by filtration

Question 23

Articular capsule (outer layer)

Answer 23

Fibrous capsule

Question 24

What kind of CT is in the articular capsule?

Answer 24

Dense irregular CT

Question 25

Articular cartilage

Answer 25

Made of hyaline cartilage, protects bones by absorbing compression forces

Question 26

Reinforcing ligaments

Answer 26

Dense regular CT that connects bone to bone

Question 27

What are the three kinds of reinforcing ligaments that may occur?

Answer 27

Capsular, extracapsular, intracapsular

Question 28

Capsular

Answer 28

Thickened part of capsule

Question 29

Extracapsular

Answer 29

Outside the capsule (fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of knee)

Question 30

Intracapsular

Answer 30

Inside the capsule (anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of knee)

Question 31

Articular disc (meniscus)

Answer 31

Evens out distribution of compression forces, helps stabilize joint, allows additional movements (jaw)

Question 32

Where is the articular disc?

Answer 32

In a few synovial joints

Question 32

What kind of tissue is in the articular disc?

Answer 32

Fibrocartilage b/c it adds more collagen for tension resistance

Question 32

Bursae

Answer 32

Closed sacs of synovial fluid that prevent friction among structures

Question 33

Bursitis

Answer 33

Inflammation of a bursa

Question 34

Tendon sheath

Answer 34

A bursa wrapped around a tendon

Question 35

Anterior-posterior axis

Answer 35

Anterior to/from posterior

Question 36

Superior-inferior axis

Answer 36

Superior to/from inferior

Question 37

Left-right axis

Answer 37

Left to/from right

Question 38

Movement around a _____ corresponds to movement within a ______

Answer 38

Axis, plane

Question 39

Translational (linear) movement

Answer 39

Move in a straight line (no specific plane/axis)

Question 40

Angular movement

Answer 40

Change angle between two bone (bending leg), moves around axis

Question 41

Rotation movement

Answer 41

Bone moves around its own longitudinal axis (rotating arm forward and back, not changing angle)

Question 42

What are the four linear movements?

Answer 42

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction

Question 43

Elevation

Answer 43

Move superiorly (up)

Question 44

Depression

Answer 44

Move inferiorly (down)

Question 45

Protraction

Answer 45

Move anteriorly (away from face)

Question 46

Retraction

Answer 46

Move posteriorly (towards face)

Question 47

What movement does the articular disc use in the jaw?

Answer 47

Protraction, retraction

Question 48

Angular movement

Answer 48

Change angle between two bones

Question 49

Abduction

Answer 49

Move AWAY from midline

Question 50

Adduction

Answer 50

Move TOWARD midline

Question 51

Flexion

Answer 51

Decrease joint angle (pop leg backward)

Question 52

Extension

Answer 52

Increase joint angle (kick leg forward)

Question 53

Circumduction

Answer 53

Movement that describes a cone in space (making a circle in air, queen wave, backstroke)

Question 54

What are the special movements of the feet?

Answer 54

Dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion

Question 55

Dorsiflexion

Answer 55

Turn foot upward

Question 56

Plantarflexion

Answer 56

Turn foot downward (trying to make foot straight with leg)

Question 57

Inversion

Answer 57

Turn sole of foot medially (toward other foot)

Question 58

Eversion

Answer 58

Turn sole of foot laterally (eversion ankle sprain)

Question 59

Rotation

Answer 59

Bone moves around its own longitudinal axis

Question 60

Left rotation (axial)

Answer 60

Turn anterior surface to left

Question 61

Right rotation (axial)

Answer 61

Turn anterior surface to right

Question 62

Medial rotation (appendicular)

Answer 62

Turn anterior surface toward midline

Question 63

Lateral rotation (appendicular)

Answer 63

Turn anterior surface away from midline

Question 64

Pronation

Answer 64

Turn palms posterior (playing the piano, medial rotation)

Question 65

Supination

Answer 65

Turn palms anterior (holding soup, lateral rotation)