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Joints Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a joint?

A

A joint is formed when two or more bones meet and articulate.

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2
Q

What are the components of a knee joint?

A

The components of a knee joint include the tibia, patella, articular cartilage, synovial fluid, and meniscus.

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3
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

Synovial fluid is a viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints.

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4
Q

What is the role of articular cartilage?

A

Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones in a joint to reduce friction and absorb shock.

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5
Q

What are menisci?

A

Menisci are crescent-shaped cartilage structures that provide cushioning and stability in the knee joint.

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6
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Freely movable joints.

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7
Q

What structures are associated with synovial joints?

A

Periosteum, joint cavity, synovial fluid, articular (hyaline) cartilage, synovial membrane, and articular capsule.

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8
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Freely movable joints.

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9
Q

What structures are associated with synovial joints?

A

Periosteum, joint cavity, synovial fluid, articular (hyaline) cartilage, synovial membrane, and articular capsule.

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10
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

Cartilaginous joints permit a limited degree of movement and the bones are bound together by cartilaginous tissue.

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11
Q

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

A

There are two types of cartilaginous joints: primary cartilaginous joints and secondary cartilaginous joints.

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12
Q

What are primary cartilaginous joints?

A

Primary cartilaginous joints have intervening hyaline cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis.

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13
Q

What are secondary cartilaginous joints?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joints have intervening fibro cartilage uniting bones with articular surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage.

Example: Between vertebrae and symphysis pubis.

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14
Q

What is an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?

A

An example of a primary cartilaginous joint is the epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage).

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15
Q

What is an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint?

A

Examples of secondary cartilaginous joints include the intervertebral disc and symphysis pubis.

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16
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

Cartilaginous joints permit a limited degree of movement and the bones are bound together by cartilaginous tissue.

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17
Q

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

A

There are two types of cartilaginous joints: primary cartilaginous joints and secondary cartilaginous joints.

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18
Q

What are primary cartilaginous joints?

A

Primary cartilaginous joints have intervening hyaline cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis.

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19
Q

What are secondary cartilaginous joints?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joints have intervening fibro cartilage uniting bones with articular surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage.

Example: Between vertebrae and symphysis pubis.

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20
Q

What is an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?

A

An example of a primary cartilaginous joint is the epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage).

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21
Q

What is an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint?

A

Examples of secondary cartilaginous joints include the intervertebral disc and symphysis pubis.

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22
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Freely movable joints.

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23
Q

What structures are associated with synovial joints?

A

Periosteum, joint cavity, synovial fluid, articular (hyaline) cartilage, synovial membrane, and articular capsule.

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24
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Freely movable joints.

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25
What structures are associated with synovial joints?
Periosteum, joint cavity, synovial fluid, articular (hyaline) cartilage, synovial membrane, and articular capsule.
26
What is the definition of a joint?
A joint is formed when two or more bones meet and articulate.
27
What are synovial joints?
Synovial joints are freely movable joints.
28
What are the parts of a synovial joint?
1) Bone ends covered with a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, separated by a space. 2) Fibrous capsule that surrounds the joint completely. 3) Joint cavity enclosed within the capsule.
29
What are the types of cartilaginous joints?
1) Primary cartilaginous joints with hyaline cartilage. 2) Secondary cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage.
30
What is an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?
The epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage).
31
What is an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint?
The joint between vertebrae and symphysis pubis.
32
What are the types of synovial joints based on movement?
1) Uniaxial synovial joints. 2) Biaxial synovial joints. 3) Polyaxial synovial joints.
33
What is a uniaxial synovial joint?
A joint that allows movement around one axis, such as hinge and pivot joints.
34
What is an example of a hinge joint?
The elbow joint.
35
What is an example of a pivot joint?
The articulation between the atlas and axis.
36
What is a biaxial synovial joint?
A joint that allows movement around two axes, such as condyloid and saddle joints.
37
What is an example of a condyloid joint?
The radiocarpal joint (wrist joint).
38
What is an example of a saddle joint?
The carpometacarpal joints of the thumb.
39
What is a polyaxial synovial joint?
A joint that allows movements around many axes, such as ball and socket joints.
40
What is an example of a ball and socket joint?
The hip and shoulder joints.
41
What factors affect the stability of a joint?
1) The shape of the joint. 2) The tension of the joint ligaments. 3) The tone of the muscles acting on the joint.
42
What is the role of ligaments in joint stability?
Ligaments prevent over movements and contribute to joint stability.
43
What is the role of surrounding tendons and ligaments in joint stability?
They maintain the apposition of the articular surfaces.
44
What are the types of cartilage structures found in synovial joints?
1. A disc: as in sternoclavicular joint 2. A meniscus: as in the knee joint 3. A labrum: as in hip and shoulder joints
45
What are the other structures inside the synovial joint?
1. Tendon of a muscle 2. Periosteum 3. Ligament 4. Joint cavity (contains synovial fluid) 5. Articular (hyaline) cartilage 6. Synovial membrane 7. Articular capsule
46
What are biaxial synovial joints?
Biaxial synovial joints allow movement around two axes.
47
What are condyloid (ellipsoid) joints?
Condyloid joints have an oval convexity received in an elliptical concavity. ## Footnote Example: Radiocarpal joint (wrist joint), metacarpophalangeal joints.
48
What are saddle joints?
Saddle joints are similar to condyloid joints but permit limited rotation. ## Footnote Example: Carpometacarpal joints, joints of the thumb.
49
What is a uniaxial synovial joint?
A joint that allows movement around one axis.
50
What is a hinge joint?
A type of uniaxial synovial joint that allows movement around a transverse axis, enabling flexion and extension. ## Footnote Example: Elbow joint, interphalangeal joints.
51
What is a pivot joint?
A type of uniaxial synovial joint that allows movement around a longitudinal axis, enabling rotation. ## Footnote Example: Superior radioulnar joint, articulation between atlas and axis.
52
What is a uniaxial synovial joint?
A joint that allows movement around one axis.
53
What is a hinge joint?
A type of uniaxial synovial joint that allows movement around a transverse axis, enabling flexion and extension. ## Footnote Example: Elbow joint, interphalangeal joints.
54
What is a pivot joint?
A type of uniaxial synovial joint that allows movement around a longitudinal axis, enabling rotation. ## Footnote Example: Superior radioulnar joint, articulation between atlas and axis.
55
What is a Plane Joint?
A type of synovial joint that allows gliding movements with flat articular surfaces. ## Footnote Example: Carpal and tarsal bones.
56
What are examples of Plane Joints?
Plane intertarsal joints, such as those between the navicular, second cuneiform, and third cuneiform bones.
57
What are polyaxial synovial joints?
Joints that allow movements around many axes.
58
What is a ball and socket joint?
A joint where a rounded head is received in a cup-shaped concavity, allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. ## Footnote Example: Hip and shoulder joints.
59
What are examples of ball and socket joints?
Hip joint and shoulder joint.
60
What is the acetabulum?
The hip socket that receives the femoral head.
61
What is the femoral head?
The rounded part of the thigh bone that fits into the acetabulum.
62
What factors affect the stability of a joint?
The stability of a joint depends on the shape, the tension of the joint ligaments, the tone of the muscles acting on the joint, and the tone of the surrounding tendons and ligaments.
63
How does the shape of a joint contribute to its stability?
The shape of the joint, such as in a ball and socket joint, plays a crucial role in its stability.
64
What role do joint ligaments play in joint stability?
The tension of the joint ligaments helps prevent over movements.
65
How do muscles influence joint stability?
The tone of the muscles acting on the joint contributes to its stability.
66
What is the importance of surrounding tendons and ligaments in joint stability?
The tone of the surrounding tendons and ligaments helps maintain the apposition of the articular surfaces.
67
What are polyaxial synovial joints?
Joints that allow movements around many axes.
68
What is a ball and socket joint?
A joint where a rounded head is received in a cup-shaped concavity, allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. ## Footnote Example: Hip and shoulder joints.
69
What are examples of ball and socket joints?
Hip joint and shoulder joint.
70
What is the acetabulum?
The hip socket that receives the femoral head.
71
What is the femoral head?
The rounded part of the thigh bone that fits into the acetabulum.

Anatomy (5 decks)

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