Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the two main classifications of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

The skeletal system is classified into two parts: 1) Axial skeleton 2) Appendicular skeleton

Question 2

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 2

The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

Question 3

What forms the skeleton of the head?

Answer 3

The skull with mandible forms the skeleton of the head.

Question 4

What is the cranium?

Answer 4

The skull without mandible is called cranium.

Question 5

What is the vertebral column composed of?

Answer 5

The vertebral column consists of a series of vertebrae.

Question 6

How many regions is the vertebral column distinguished into?

Answer 6

The vertebral column is distinguished into 5 regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

Question 7

How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?

Answer 7

The cervical region is formed of 7 vertebrae.

Question 8

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?

Answer 8

The thoracic region is formed of 12 vertebrae.

Question 9

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?

Answer 9

The lumbar region is formed of 5 vertebrae.

Question 10

How many vertebrae are in the sacral region?

Answer 10

The sacral region is formed of 5 vertebrae.

Question 11

How many vertebrae are in the coccygeal region?

Answer 11

The coccygeal region is formed of 4 vertebrae.

Question 12

What forms the thoracic cage?

Answer 12

The thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilages, and sternum form the thoracic cage.

Question 13

What is the sacrum?

Answer 13

The sacrum is a single triangular bone formed by the united sacral vertebrae.

Question 14

What does the pelvis consist of?

Answer 14

The pelvis consists of the sacrum and 2 hip bones.

Question 15

What are the segments of the upper and lower limb skeletons?

Answer 15

Each consists of three segments: proximal, intermediate, and distal.

Question 16

What is the proximal segment of the upper limb?

Answer 16

The proximal segment of the upper limb consists of the humerus.

Question 17

What is the proximal segment of the lower limb?

Answer 17

The proximal segment of the lower limb consists of the femur.

Question 18

What does the intermediate segment of the upper limb consist of?

Answer 18

The intermediate segment of the upper limb consists of the radius and ulna.

Question 19

What does the intermediate segment of the lower limb consist of?

Answer 19

The intermediate segment of the lower limb consists of the tibia and fibula.

Question 20

What does the distal segment of the upper limb consist of?

Answer 20

The distal segment consists of small bones (carpal bones), five elongated bones (metacarpals), and phalangeal bones.

Question 21

What does the distal segment of the lower limb consist of?

Answer 21

The distal segment consists of small bones (tarsal bones), five elongated bones (metatarsals), and phalangeal bones.

Question 22

What is the pectoral girdle composed of?

Answer 22

The pectoral girdle consists of the scapula and clavicle.

Question 23

How does the pectoral girdle articulate with the axial skeleton?

Answer 23

It articulates anteriorly at the sternoclavicular joint.

Question 24

What does the pelvic girdle consist of?

Answer 24

The pelvic girdle consists of 2 hip bones.

Question 25

How does the pelvic girdle articulate with the axial skeleton?

Answer 25

It articulates posteriorly at the sacroiliac joint.

Question 26

What are the two classifications of bones according to structure?

Answer 26

1) Compact bone 2) Cancellous bone (spongy)

Question 27

What are the types of bones according to shape?

Answer 27

1) Long bones 2) Short bones 3) Flat bones 4) Irregular bones 5) Pneumatic bones

Question 28

What are examples of long bones?

Answer 28

Examples include bones in the proximal and intermediate segments of limbs.

Question 29

What are examples of short bones?

Answer 29

Examples include carpal and tarsal bones.

Question 30

What are examples of flat bones?

Answer 30

Examples include the scapula and bones of the skull cap.

Question 31

What are examples of irregular bones?

Answer 31

Examples include vertebrae and the bones of the skull base.

Question 32

What are examples of pneumatic bones?

Answer 32

Examples include skull bones containing air-filled spaces (sinuses).

Question 33

What are the types of bones according to development?

Answer 33

1) Membranous bones 2) Cartilaginous bones

Question 34

What are the parts of a long bone?

Answer 34

A long bone consists of 2 ends (epiphysis) and a shaft (diaphysis).

Question 35

What is the epiphyseal cartilage plate?

Answer 35

The growing part between epiphysis and diaphysis is called the epiphyseal cartilage plate.

Question 36

What is the metaphysis?

Answer 36

The region of the shaft close to the epiphyseal cartilage plate is called metaphysis.

Question 37

What is the medullary cavity?

Answer 37

The medullary cavity is a cavity in the shaft filled with bone marrow.

Question 38

What covers the shaft of a long bone?

Answer 38

The shaft is covered with a fibrous membrane called periosteum.

Question 39

What is the composition of the epiphysis?

Answer 39

The epiphysis is composed of cancellous bone and covered with a layer of hyaline cartilage.