Joints 2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Ball and socket joint
-multiaxial
-smooth head within cup socket
-ex: shoulder or hip
Condylar/ Ellipsoid joint
- biaxial
- oval convex fits in complementary depression on other
- ex: radiocarpal/metacarpophalangeal
Saddle joint
- biaxial
- saddle-shaped articular surfaces (one convex, other concave)
- ex: sternoclavicular
Plane/gliding joint
- biaxial
- flat articular surfaces
- bones slide over each other
- ex: vertebrae, ankle, wrist
Hinge joint
- monoaxial
- convex surface into concave depression of another bone
- ex: knee or elbow
Pivot joint
- monoaxial
- bone spins on longitudinal axis
- ex: radioulnar, atlantoaxial joints
Jaw joint
- temporomandibular joint
- combines condylar, hinge, and plane joint elements
-lateral ligament prevents posterior displacement of mandible - deep yawn can dislocate (pop out of fossa and forward)
Shoulder joint
- glenohumeral/humeroscapular
- humeral head articulates w/ glenoid cavity
- stability sacrificed for freedom of movement
- supported by biceps brachii tendon and rotator cuff tendons
Glenoid labrum
fibrocartilage that deepens glenoid cavity
SITS muscles
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
Ligaments supporting shoulder
- glenohumeral
- coracohumeral
- transverse humeral ligament
Bursa
- subdeltoid
- subacromial
- subcoracoid
- subscapular bursae
Most common dislocation
downward displacement of humerus.
arm abducted blow from below and rotator cuff protects in all directions but inferior.
Elbow joint
- pivot
- proximal radioulnar joint
- allow for pronation and supination
Elbow joint anatomy
radial head into radial notch of ulna, annular ligament encircles radial head and holds in place
Hip joint
- femur head in acetabulum
- deep socket, more stable, bears weight
Acetabular labrum
deepens hip socket thus dislocations are more rare
Hip socket support ligaments
- anterior: iliofemoral and pubofemoral
- posterior: ischiofemoral
- standing: ligaments twist and pull head of femur tight into acetabulum
-round ligamentum teres arises from fovea capitis and attach lower region of acetabulum
Knee joint
- largest and most complex diarthrotic joint
- slight rotation and lateral gliding when flexed
- 13 bursae
Knee joint is stabilized by
- anterior quadriceps tendon
- posterior semimembranous muscle tendon
- lateral and medial meniscus
Back of knee joint (popliteal)
-intracapsular ligaments cross to form x
- ACL prevents hyperextension
- PCL holds femur on tibia
What allows locking and unlocking of the knee joint
ACL!
To unlock- the popliteal contracts and rotates the femur laterally, uncrossing ligaments
Most common injury of knee joint
menisci and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Arthroscopy
internal surgery that causes less tissue damage and has a quicker recovery time than conventional surgery
