Joints

Question 1

What is the weakest parts of the skeleton?

Answer 1

Joints (articulations)

Question 2

Articulation/Joints

Answer 2

site where two or more bones meet

Question 3

Functions of a Joint

Answer 3

Give skeleton mobility

Hold the skeleton together

Question 4

What joints classified by?

Answer 4

Structure

Function

Question 5

Structural Classification of Joints

Answer 5

focuses on the material binding bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present

Question 6

3 structural classifications of joints

Answer 6

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 7

Fibrous Structural Class of Jts

Answer 7

united by collagen fibers

Question 8

cartilaginous structure joints

Answer 8

united by cartilage

Question 9

Synovial joints

Answer 9

covered with cartilage; enclosed within capsule

Question 10

Functional Classification of Joints

Answer 10

is based on amount of movement by the joint

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

Question 11

Synarthroses

Answer 11

immovable (cartilaginous) function

Question 12

Amphiarthroses

Answer 12

slightly movable

Question 13

Diarthroses

Answer 13

freely movable (synovial) function

Question 14

Bones are joined by?

Answer 14

fibrous tissues

Question 15

In fibrous structural joints, there is no?

Answer 15

Joint cavity

Question 16

Most fibrous structural joints are?

Answer 16

immovable

Question 17

There are three types of fibrous structural its, what are they?

Answer 17

sutures
syndesmoses
gomphoses

Question 18

Sutures occur between what?

Answer 18

bones of the skull

Question 19

Sutures are comprised of?

Answer 19

interlocking junctions completely filled with connective tissue fibers

Question 20

sutures bind

Answer 20

tightly together, but allow for growth during youth

Question 21

syndesmoses

Answer 21

bones are connected by a fibrous tissue ligament

Question 22

syndesmoses movement?

Answer 22

varies from immovable to slightly

Question 23

Example of syndesmoses

Answer 23

connection between the tibia&fibula and ulna&radius

Question 24

Gomphoses socket type

Answer 24

Peg-in-socket fibrous jt between a tooth and its alveolar socket

Question 25

Gomphoses fibrous connection

Answer 25

is the periodontal ligament

Question 26

Cartilaginous joints are

Answer 26

articulating bones united by cartilage

Question 27

Cartilaginous joints lack what?

Answer 27

a joint cavity

Question 28

Two types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 28

synchondroses | symphyses

Question 29

Synchondroses

Answer 29

a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones

Question 30

All synchondroses are?

Answer 30

synarthrotic (lil to no movement)

Question 31

Epiphyseal plates of children is an example of?

Answer 31

synchondroses

Question 32

Jonts between the costal cartilage of the first rib and sternum is example of?

Answer 32

synchondroses

Question 33

Symphyses

Answer 33

Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surface of the bone and is used to an intervening pad of fibrocartilage

Question 34

intervertabral joints and pubic symphysis of pelvis is an example of ?

Answer 34

symphyses

Question 35

Synovial Joints

Answer 35

Those joints in which the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity

Question 36

Synovial joints function

Answer 36

all are freely movable | diarthroses

Question 37

all limb joints, and most joints of the body are examples of?

Answer 37

synovial joints

Question 38

5 parts of synovial joints

Answer 38

1) Articular cartilage (hyaline) 2) Joint (synovial) cavity 3) Articular capsule 4) Synovial fluid 5) Reinforcing ligaments

Question 39

Articular capsule and ligament have?

Answer 39

Many nerve endings Blood vessels that allow synovial fluid Fatty pads between fibrous capsule

Question 40

Disc/wedge (menisci) improves what in synovial joint?

Answer 40

BONE FIT

Question 41

Bursae

Answer 41

flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing synovial fluid

Question 42

Bursae is not?

Answer 42

part of joint

Question 43

Where are Bursae common?

Answer 43

where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together

Question 44

Tendon sheath

Answer 44

elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon

Question 45

Synovial joints stability determined by?

Answer 45

Articular surfaces ligaments muscle tone

Question 46

Articular surfaces stability

Answer 46

shape determines what movements are possible

Question 47

Ligaments

Answer 47

unite bones and prevent excessive or undesirable motion at 6%

Question 48

Muscle tone is accomplished how?

Answer 48

muscle tendons across joints acting as stabilizing factors

Question 49

Tendons in muscle tone?

Answer 49

kept tight at all times by muscle tone (shoulder jt)

Question 50

The two muscle attachments across a joint are?

Answer 50

origin | insertion

Question 51

origin

Answer 51

attachment to the immovable bone

Question 52

insertion

Answer 52

attachment to the movable bone

Question 53

During contraction, what happens?

Answer 53

insertion moves towards the origin

Question 54

synovial joints range of motion

Answer 54

movement described in the directional terms relative to line/axes around which part moves

Question 55

Nonaxial

Answer 55

no axis around which movement occurs

Question 56

uniaxial

Answer 56

movement in one plane

Question 57

biaxial

Answer 57

movement in 2 planes

Question 58

mulitaxial

Answer 58

movement in or around all 3 planes

Question 59

C1 and C2 allow one to say?

Answer 59

No

Question 60

Carpals slide against each other is example of what??

Answer 60

nonaxial

Question 61

Rotation of head, flex/ext of forearm example

Answer 61

uniaxial

Question 62

flex/ext of leg and some rotation example

Answer 62

biaxial

Question 63

clavicles movement is example of

Answer 63

multiaxial

Question 64

What are 3 different types of movements??

Answer 64

gliding angular rotation

Question 65

Gliding movement

Answer 65

one flat bone surface glides/slips over another similar surface

Question 66

Intercarpal and intertarsal joints, and between the flat articular processes of the vertebrae is example of what movement?

Answer 66

Gliding

Question 67

Angular movement

Answer 67

``` reduction or increase in angle of articling parts Flex/Ext Dorisflexion and plantar flexion abd/add circumduction ```

Question 68

Flexion

Answer 68

bending movement that decreases the angle of the jt

Question 69

extension

Answer 69

reverse of flex, jt angle is increased

Question 70

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Answer 70

up and down movement of the foot

Question 71

ABDuction

Answer 71

movement away from midline

Question 72

ADDuction

Answer 72

movement toward the midline

Question 73

Circumduction

Answer 73

movement describes a cone in space

Question 74

rotation movement

Answer 74

the turning of a bone around its own long axis

Question 75

Between first two vertebrae is an example of what?

Answer 75

rotation movement

Question 76

hip and shoulder joints is example of what ?

Answer 76

rotation movement

Question 77

Special movements

Answer 77

``` Sup/pronation inversion and eversion protraction/retraction elevation and depression opposition ```

Question 78

Synovial joints have common feature but not?

Answer 78

structure

Question 79

synovial joints movement

Answer 79

is based on shape of articulating structure

Question 80

how many major categories of synovial its?

Answer 80

6

Question 81

Plane (synovial) Joints

Answer 81

articular surfaces are essentially flat

Question 82

Plane its allow only?

Answer 82

slipping or gliding movements

Question 83

nonaxial joints are an example of what synovial jt?

Answer 83

plane joints

Question 84

Hinge (syn) Jts

Answer 84

Cylindrical projections of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another

Question 85

Hinge joint motion

Answer 85

is along a single plane

Question 86

Hinge joints are

Answer 86

uniaxial joints that permit flexion and extension only

Question 87

elbow and interphalangeal joints are example of what synovial jt?

Answer 87

hinge jt