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Anatomy Quiz Review > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

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0
Q

What ligament reinforces the hip joint anteriorly and superiorly? What movement does this ligament prevent?

A
  • iliofemoral ligament

- hyperextension of the hip

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1
Q

What type of joint is the hip? What adds depth to the acetabulum of the hip joint?

A
  • multiaxial ball and socket type of synovial joint

- acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament (bridges acetabular notch)

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2
Q

What ligament reinforces the hip joint inferiorly and anteriorly? What actions cause this ligament to tighten? What action does this ligament prevent?

A
  • pubofemoral ligament
  • extension and abduction cause tightening
  • prevents excessive abduction of the hip joint
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3
Q

What ligament reinforces the hip joint posteriorly?

A
  • ischiofemoral ligament
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4
Q

Both muscles (1) and ligaments 2 to increase the stability of the hip joint

A

1) medial and lateral rotators of the thigh

2) pull the femoral head into the acetabulum

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5
Q

What structures limit flexion of the hip?

A
  • soft tissue
  • tendon of joint capsule posteriorly
  • tendon of gluteus maximus
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6
Q

What structures limit extension of the hip joint?

A
  • iliofemoral ligament
  • ischiofemoral ligament
  • pubofemoral ligament
  • tension of illiopsoas
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7
Q

What structures limit abduction of the hip?

A
  • pubofemoral ligament
  • ischiofemoral ligament
  • inferior band of iliofemoral ligament
  • tension of hip adductors
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8
Q

What structures limit adduction of the hip joint?

A
  • Soft tissue

- tension of iliotibial band, superior joint capsule, superior band of iliofemoral ligament, and hip abductors

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9
Q

What structures limit internal rotation of the hip?

A
  • ischiofemoral ligament
  • posterior joint capsule
  • tension of external rotators of hip
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10
Q

What structures limit external rotation of the hip?

A
  • iliofemoral ligament
  • pubofemoral ligament
  • anterior joint capsule
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11
Q

What ligaments are a part of the hip joint?

A
  • iliolumbar
  • anterior sacroiliac
  • sacrotuberous
  • sacrospinous
  • anterior longitudinal
  • joint capsule (synovial membrane, fibrous membrane)
  • inguinal
  • iliofemoral
  • ischiofemoral
  • pubofemoral
  • posterior sacroiliac
  • iliofemoral
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12
Q

What type of joint is the knee? What movements does is allow for?

A
  • modified hinge type of synovial joint

- allows for flexion and extension that are also combined with gliding, rolling, and rotation about a vertical axis

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13
Q

What structures stabilize the knee joint? Which are the most important?

A
  • strength and action of surrounding muscles and their tendons
  • ligaments connecting the femur and tibia
  • most important muscle: quadriceps femoris, particularly vastus medialis and vastus lateralis inferior fibers
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14
Q

What ligaments are a part of the knee joint?

A
  • lateral collateral
  • medial collateral
  • patellar
  • oblique popliteal
  • arcuate popliteal
  • medial meniscus
  • lateral meniscus
  • anterior cruciate
  • posterior cruciate
  • transverse ligament of the knee
  • posterior meniscofemoral
  • joint capsule (synovial membrane and fibrous layer)
  • (anterior and posterior ligaments of fibular head under lateral collateral ligament but not a part of the knee)
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15
Q

What ligaments of the knee are taut during extension?

A
  • lateral and medial collateral ligaments

- medial aspects of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

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16
Q

What ligaments of the knee are taut during flexion?

A
  • posterior cruciate ligament

- lateral aspect of anterior cruciate ligament

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17
Q

What ligaments of the knee are taut during flexion and internal rotation of the knee?

A
  • medial aspect of the anterior cruciate ligament

- posterior cruciate ligament

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18
Q

What ligaments of the knee strengthen the joint capsule of the knee?

A
  • Intrinsic ligaments:
    • patellar
    • medial collateral
    • oblique popliteal
    • arcuate popliteal
  • extrinsic ligament:
    • lateral collateral ligament
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19
Q

How do the lateral and medial collateral ligaments of the knee permit rotation of the knee?

A
  • they become increasingly slack when the knee flexes more and more
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20
Q

What happens to the posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments during medial rotation of the knee? What effects does this have? What happens to the same ligaments during lateral rotation? What effect does this have?

A
  • the two ligaments wind around each other
  • limits medial rotation to about 10 degrees
  • the two ligaments unwind around each other
  • nearly 60 degrees of lateral rotation made possible
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21
Q

The anterior cruciate ligament limits what motions at the knee?

A
  • posterior rolling of the femoral condyles on the tibial plateau during flexion to convert it to spin
  • prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia
  • prevents hyperextension of the knee joint
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22
Q

The posterior cruciate ligament limits and prevents what motions at the knee?

A
  • limits anterior rolling of the femur on tibial plateau during extension to convert it to a spin
  • prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
  • prevents posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur
  • helps prevent hyperflexion of the knee
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23
Q

What purpose do the menisci of the knee serve?

A
  • deepen the surface of the articular surfaces

- act as shock absorbers

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24
What purpose does the transverse ligament of knee serve?
- joins the anterior edges of the menisci to allow them to move together during knee movements
25
What direction does the popliteus muscle move to unlock the knee joint?
- it rotates the femur laterally on the tibial plateau
26
What structures limit flexion of the knee?
- soft tissue posteriorly - tension of the vastus muscles (all three) - tension of rectus femoris
27
What structures limit extension of the knee?
- anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments - lateral and medial collateral ligaments - posterior joint capsule - oblique popliteal ligament
28
What structures limit internal rotation of the knee?
- anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
29
What structures limit external rotation of the knee?
- lateral (fibular) collateral ligament | - medial (tibial) collateral ligament
30
What structures hold the tibia and fibula together?
- interosseous membrane - superior tibiofibular joint - tibiofibular syndesmosis joint (inferior tibiofibular joint)
31
What type of joint is the superior tibiofibular joint? What type of joint is the tibiofibular syndesmosis (inferior tibiofibular joint)?
- plane type of synovial joint | - compound fibrous joint
32
What type of joint is the ankle (talocrural) joint? In which action is it the strongest and the weakest, respectively?
- hinge type of synovial joint - dorsiflexion - plantarflexion
33
What ligaments make up the ankle joint?
- joint capsule (fibrous layer and synovial membrane) - lateral ligament of the ankle: - anterior talofibular ligament - posterior talofibular ligament - calcaneofibular ligament - medial ligament of the ankle: - tibionavicular part - tibiocalcaneal part - anterior tibiotalar part - posterior tibiotalar part
34
What supports the ankle joint laterally? Medially?
- lateral ligament of the ankle | - medial ligament of the ankle
35
The medial ligament of the ankle stabilizes the ankle joint during _1_ and prevents _2_ of the joint
1) eversion of the foot | 2) subluxation (partial dislocation)
36
What are the limiting structures of plantarflexion?
- anterior talofibular ligament - anterior part of medial ligament of the ankle - anterior joint capsule - contact of talus with tibia - tension of dorsiflexors of ankle
37
What are the limiting structures of dorsiflexion of the ankle?
- medial ligament of the ankle - calcaneofibular ligament - posterior talofibular ligament - posterior joint capsule - contact of talus with tibia - tension of plantarflexors of ankle
38
What joints are in the foot?
- subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint - talocalcaneonavicular joint - calcaneocuboid joint - cuneonavicular joint - tarsometatarsal joints (very little movement) - intermetatarsal joints (very little movement) - metatarsophalangeal joints (flexion and extension) - interphalangeal joints (flexion and extension)
39
The subtalar joint is what type of joint? What is it supported by?
- synovial joint | - medial, lateral posterior, and interosseous talocalcaneal ligaments
40
What are the major ligaments of the foot? What function does each ligament serve?
- plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament - supports head of talus - plays important role in transfer of weight - important in maintaining the longitudinal arch of the foot - long plantar ligament - forms tunnel for tendon of fibularis longus - important in supporting longitudinal arch of foot - plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament - helps maintain longitudinal arch of the foot
41
What type of joints are and what actions occur at the 1) subtalar, 2) talocalcaneonavicular, 3) calcaneocuboid, 4) cuneonavicular 5) tarsometatarsal 6) intermetatarsal 7) metatarsophalangeal, and 8) interphalangeal joints?
1) plane synovial; inversion and eversion 2) synovial, talonavicular part ball and socket joint; gliding/rotatory 3) plane synovial; circumduction, inversion, eversion 4) plane synovial; very little 5) plane synovial; gliding or sliding 6) plane synovial; little 7) condyloid synovial; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction 8) hinge synovial; flexion and extension
42
The _1_ is more important than the _2_ longitudinal arch of the foot; the arches of the foot function to _3_
1) medial longitudinal arch 2) lateral 3) act as shock absorbers, act as springboards to propel foot, distribute weight over the feet.
43
The ___ is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot
- talar head
44
What structures are the most important for maintaining the transverse and longitudinal arches of the feet?
- plantar ligaments | - plantar aponeurosis
45
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint? What is it composed of?
- saddle type of synovial joint; but it acts as a ball and socket joint - joint capsule (fibrous layer and synovial membrane), and articular disc
46
What ligaments strengthen the SC joint anteriorly, posteriorly, and superiorly?
- anterior SC ligament - posterior SC ligament - interclavicular ligament
47
What ligament limits elevation of the pectoral girdle by anchoring the sternal end of the clavicle to the first rib?
- costoclavicular ligament
48
What ligaments are involved in the pectoral girdle?
- acromioclavicular ligament - joint capsule of glenohumeral joint - transverse humeral ligament - coracoacromial ligament - coracoclavicular ligament - trapezoid ligament - conoid ligament - sternoclavicular ligament - interclavicular ligament - costoclavicular ligament - glenohumeral ligaments (strengthen anterior aspect of capsule) - coracohumeral ligament (strengthens capsule superiorly) - coracoacromial arch (over head of humerus)
49
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
- plane synovial joint
50
What ligaments strengthen the acromioclavicular joint?
- AC ligament anteriorly | - most strength comes from coracoclavicular ligament
51
The coracoclavicular ligament is divided into two parts, _1_, and is _2_
1) trapezoid ligament and conoid ligament | 2) how scapula and free limb are suspended from clavicle
52
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint? What deepens the glenohumeral joint?
- ball and socket synovial joint | - glenoid labrum
53
What structures limit flexion of the shoulder?
- posterior part coracohumeral - trapezoid - posterior part joint capsule - rhomboids, levator scapulae, extensor and external rotator muscles, rotators of glenohumeral joint
54
what structures limit abduction of the shoulder?
- glenohumeral (middle and inferior parts) - trapezoid - inferior joint capsule - rhomboids, levator scapulae, adductor muscles
55
What structures limit extension of the shoulder?
- anterior part coracoacromial - anterior part joint capsule - clavicular head pectoralis major
56
What structures limit medial rotation of the shoulder?
- posterior part glenohumeral joint capsule - infraspinatus - teres minor
57
What structure limits lateral rotation of the shoulder?
- glenohumeral ligament - coracohumeral ligament - anterior glenohumeral joint capsule - latissimus dorsi - teres major - pectoralis major - subscapularis
58
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
- hinge type of synovial joint
59
What ligaments are involved in the elbow joint?
- radial collateral ligament - annular ligament (holds radial head in radial notch of ulna) - ulnar collateral ligament - anterior band (cord like) - strongest - posterior band (fan like) -weakest - oblique band - deepens socket for trochlea
60
What types of joints are the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints?
- pivot type of synovial joint
61
What structures limit extension of the elbow?
- flexor muscles of elbow | - joint capsule anteriorly
62
What structures limit flexion of the elbow?
- triceps brachii | - joint capsule posteriorly
63
What limits pronation of the forearm?
- supinator - biceps brachii - dorsal inferior radio-ulnar ligament - interosseous membrane
64
What structures limit supination of the forearm?
- pronator teres - pronator quadratus - anterior inferior radioulnar ligament - interosseous membrane
65
What ligaments are a part of the proximal radioulnar joint?
- annular ligament | - sacciform recess allows better rotation
66
What are the ligaments of the distal radioulnar joint?
- anterior radioulnar ligament | - posterior radioulnar ligament
67
What type of joint is the radiocarpal (wrist) joint?
- condyloid synovial joint
68
What type of joint is the carpal (intercarpal) joint?
- plane synovial joint
69
What type of joint is the carpometacarpal thumb joint? What type of joints are the other carpometacarpal joints?
- saddle type of synovial joint | - plane synovial joints
70
What types of joints are the intermetacarpal joints?
- plane synovial joints
71
What structures limit flexion of wrist joint?
- posterior radiocarpal ligament | - posterior part of joint capsule
72
What structures limit extension of the wrist joint?
- anterior radiocarpal ligament | - anterior part of joint capsule
73
What structures limit abduction of the wrist joint?
- ulnar collateral ligament | - medial part of joint capsule
74
What structures limit adduction of the wrist?
- radial collateral ligament | - lateral part of joint capsule
75
What type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand?
- condyloid synovial joints
76
What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints of the hand?
- hinge synovial joints
77
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
- tendons of: - flexor pollicis longus (1) - flexor digitorum profundus (4) - flexor digitorum superficialis (4) - median nerve
78
Which compartments are the extensor tendons located in?
1) - abductor pollicis longus - extensor pollicis brevis 2) - extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor carpi radialis brevis 3) - extensor pollicis longus 4) - extensor digitorum - extensor indicis 5) extensor digiti minimi 6) extensor carpi ulnaris
79
What tendons bound the anatomical snuff box?
- laterally: - abductor pollicis longus tendon - extensor pollicis brevis - medially: - extensor pollicis longus
80
What bounds the quadrangular space? What are its contents?
superiorly: teres minor inferiorly: teres major laterally: humerus medially: long head triceps brachii contents: posterior circumflex humeral artery, axillary nerve
81
What bounds the triceps hiatus? What does it contain?
- medially: long head triceps brachii - laterally: humerus - superiorly: teres major - contents: deep artery of the arm, radial nerve
82
What bounds the triangular space? What are its contents?
- superiorly: teres minor - inferiorly: teres major - laterally: long head triceps brachii - contents: circumflex scapular artery
83
What passes through the scapular notch?
- suprascapular artery and nerve

Anatomy Quiz Review (4 decks)

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