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Anatomy Quiz Review > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the anterior axio-appendicular muscles?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • subclavius
  • serratus anterior
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1
Q

Name the bones of the wrist (carpus) from lateral to medial, proximal row to distal row? What do they do?

A
  • scaphoid
  • lunate
  • triquetrum
  • pisiform
  • trapezium
  • trapezoid
  • capitate
  • hamate
  • they give flexibility to the wrist
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2
Q

pectoralis major origin, insertion, action, innervation

A

Origin:
- clavicular head:
- anterior medial half of clavicle
- sternocostal head:
- anterior sternum, superior six costal cartilages
Insertion:
- lateral lip intertubercular groove of humerus
Action:
- adducts, medially rotates scapulaclavicular head flexes,
sternocostal head extends shoulder joint
Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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3
Q

pectoralis minor origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • 3rd-5th ribs near costal cartilages
  • superior surface coracoid process
  • stabilizes scapula
  • medial pectoral nerve
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4
Q

Subclavius origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • junction of first rib and costal cartilage
  • middle 1/3 clavicle
  • anchors and depresses clavicle
  • nerve to subclavian
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5
Q

serratus anterior origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs
  • anterior surface medial border of scapula
  • protracts scapula, rotates scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall
  • long thoracic nerve
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6
Q

What are the posterior axioappendicular superficial extrinsic shoulder muscles? The deep extrinsic muscles? The scapulohumeral (intrinsic) muscles? (all are posterior axioappendicular muscles)

A 
Superficial:
     - trapezius
     - latissimus dorsi
Deep: 
     - levator scapulae
     - rhomboid major
     - rhomboid minor
Intrinsic:
     - deltoid
     - supraspinatus
     - infraspinatus
     - teres minor
     - teres major
     - subscapularis
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7
Q

Trapezius origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T12
  • clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
  • elevates, depresses, retracts scapula, rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
  • spinal accessory nerve, C3-C4 spinal nerves
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8
Q

Latissimus dorsi origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • spinous process T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
  • floor intertubercular groove humerus
  • extends, adducts, medially rotates shoulder joint, raises body to arms during climbing
  • thoracodorsal nerve
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9
Q

Levator scapulae origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • transverse processes C1-C4
  • medial border of scapula
  • elevates scapula
  • dorsal scapular and cervical spinal nerves
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10
Q

Rhomboid minor origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T1
  • triangular area at medial end scapular spine
  • retract scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall
  • dorsal scapular nerve
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11
Q

Rhomboid major origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • spinous processes T2-T5
  • medial border of scapula
  • retracts scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall
  • dorsal scapular nerve
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12
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A
  • supraspinatus (only one that doesn’t rotate scapula)
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis

(SITS)

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13
Q

Deltoid origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
  • deltoid tuberosity of humerus
  • anterior part flexes and medially rotates shoulder, middle part abducts shoulder, posterior part extends and laterally rotates shoulder joint
  • axillary nerve
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14
Q

supraspinatus origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • supraspinous fossa
  • superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
  • initiates/assists abduction of shoulder, acts w/other rotator cuff muscles
  • suprascapular nerve
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15
Q

infraspinatus origin, insertion, innervation, action

A
  • infraspinous fossa
  • middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
  • laterally rotate shoulder, help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
  • suprascapular nerve
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16
Q

teres minor origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • middle part lateral border of scapula
  • inferior facet of greater tubercle of humeral
  • laterally rotate shoulder, help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
  • axillary nerve
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17
Q

Teres major origin, insertion, innervation, action

A
  • lateral border scapula, posterior inferior angle scapula
  • medial lip of intertubercular surface of humerus
  • adducts and medially rotates shoulder
  • lower subscapular nerve
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18
Q

Subscapularis origin, insertion, innervation, action

A
  • subscapular fossa
  • lesser tubercle of humerus
  • medially rotates and adducts shoulder, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
  • upper and lower subscapular nerve
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19
Q

What muscle acts like a shunt to resist inferior displacement of the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity?

A
  • deltoid

- when all its fibers contract at once, it causes abduction of the shoulder

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20
Q

Name the borders of the axilla

A
  • apex: cervico-axillary canal, bounded by 1st rib, clavicle, superior edge scapula
  • base: armpit
  • anterior wall: pectoralis major and minor, clavicopectoral fascia
  • posterior wall: scapula, subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi
  • medial wall: thoracic wall, serratus anterior
  • lateral wall: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
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21
Q

Biceps brachii origin, insertion, action, innervation

A

Origins:
- short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
- long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: tuberosity of radius, bicipital aponeurosis
Action: supinates forearm, flexes supinated forearm, short head resists shoulder dislocation
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

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22
Q

Brachialis origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • distal half anterior surface of humerus
  • coronoid process, tuberosity of ulna
  • flexes elbow joint in all positions
  • musculocutaneous nerve
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23
Q

Coracobrachialis origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • tip of coracoid process of scapula
  • middle third medial surface of humerus
  • flex/adduct shoulder, resists dislocation of shoulder
  • musculocutaneous nerve
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24
What is the common innervation of the anterior arm muscles?
musculocutaneous nerve
25
What is the common innervation of the posterior arm muscles?
radial nerve
26
triceps brachii origin, insertion, action, innervation
Origins: - long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula - lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove - medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove Insertion: proximal end of olecranon, fascia of forearm Action: chief extensor of elbow, long head extends shoulder, resists dislocation of humerus Innervation: radial nerve
27
Anconeus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral epicondyle of humerus - lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of posterior surface of ulna - assists triceps in extending elbow, stabilizes elbow joint, abducts ulna during pronation - radial nerve
28
Name the borders of the cubital fossa
- superiorly: line between medial and lateral epicondyle - medially: pronator teres - laterally: brachioradialis - floor: brachialis and supinator muscles - roof: brachial and antibrachial fascia, bicipital aponeurosis
29
Contents of cubital fossa from medial to lateral
- medial nerve (and branches after, radial and ulnar) - brachial vein - brachial artery - biceps brachii tendon
30
What are the superficial (first layer) muscles of the forearm?
- pronator teres - flexor carpi radialis - palmaris longus - flexor carpi ulnaris
31
What muscles are in the intermediate (second) layer of the forearm?
- flexor digitorum superficialis
32
What are the deep (third) layer muscles of the forearm?
- flexor digitorum profundus - flexor pollicis longus - pronator quadratus
33
Pronator teres origin, insertion, action, innervation
- unlar head: coronoid process of unla, humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus - middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius - pronates and flexes forearm - median nerve
34
flexor carpi radialis origin, insertion, action, innervation
- medial epicondyle of humerus - base of 2nd (3rd) metacarpal - flexes and abducts hand and wrist - median nerve
35
Palmaris longus origin, action, innervation, insertion
- medial epicondyle of humerus - flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis - flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis - median nerve
36
flexor carpi ulnaris origin, insertion, innervation, action
- olecranon, posterior border of ulna - pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal - flexes and adducts hand at wrist - ulnar nerve
37
Flexor digitorum origin, insertion, action, innervation
- medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, oblique line of radius - shafts of middle phalanges of middle four digits - flexes wrist joint, flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of middle four digits, acting more strongly it flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints - median nerve
38
flexor digitorum profundus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- medial/anterior surfaces of ulna, interosseous membrane - bases of distal phalanges of 2nd - 5th digits - flexes wrist, flexes distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5 - lateral part (digits 2-3) median nerve; medial part (4-5) ulnar nerve
39
Flexor pollicis longus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- anterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane - base of distal phalanx of thumb - flexes wrist, flexes metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of thumb - median nerve (anterior inerosseous nerve)
40
Pronator quadratus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna - distal quarter of anterior surface of radius - pronates forearm, binds radius and ulna - median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
41
What are the (superficial) muscles of the posterior forearm?
- brachioradialis - extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor carpi radialis brevis - extensor digitorum - extensor digiti minimi - extensor carpi ulnaris
42
What muscle comprises the deep layer of the posterior forearm muscles?
- supinator
43
What are the "outcropping" muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
- abductor pollicis longus - extensor pollicis longus - extensor pollicis brevis - extensor indicis
44
The tendons of what muscle form the extensor expansion
- extensor digitorum
45
Brachioradialis origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus - lateral distal surface of radius proximal to styloid process - weak elbow flexor - radial nerve
46
extensor carpi radialis longus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus - dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal - extend and abduct wrist - radial nerve
47
Extensor carpi radialis brevis origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral epicondyle of humerus - dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal - active during fist clenching; extends and abducts wrist joint - deep branch of radial nerve
48
Extensor digitorum origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral epicondyle of the humerus - extensor expansions of medial four fingers - extend wrist, extend medial four fingers primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints - deep branch of radial nerve
49
Extensor digiti minimi origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral epicondyle of the humerus - extensor expansion of 5th finger - extends wrist, extends 5th digit primarily at metacarpophalangeal joint and secondarily at interphalangeal joint - posterior interosseous nerve (off deep branch of radial nerve)
50
Extensor carpi ulnaris origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral epicondyle of the humerus - dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal - extends and adducts wrist joint - posterior interosseous nerve (off of deep branch of radial nerve)
51
Supinator origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator fossa - lateral, posterior, anterior surface proximal 1/3 radius - supinates forearm by rotating radius - deep branch radial nerve
52
Abductor pollicis longus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- interosseous membrane - base of 1st metacarpal - extend wrist, abducts and extends thumb - posterior interosseous nerve (off deep branch of radial nerve)
53
Extensor pollicis longus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- posterior surface middle third ulna, interosseous membrane - dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb - extends wrist, extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint, extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints - posterior interosseous nerve (off deep branch of radial nerve)
54
What is the common origin of the forearm extensor muscles?
- extensor expansion
55
What is the common origin of the outcropping posterior forearm muscles?
- interosseous membrane
56
extensor pollicis brevis origin, insertion, action, innervation
- posterior surface distal 1/3 radius, interosseous membrane - dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb - extend wrist, extend proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint, extends carpometacarpal joint - posterior interosseous nerve
57
Extensor indicis origin, insertion, action, innervation
- posterior surface distal 1/3 unla, interosseous membrane - extensor expansion of 2nd finger - extend wrist, extend 2nd finger - posterior interosseous nerve
58
What are the intrinsic thenar hand muscles?
- opponens pollicis - abductor pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis - adductor pollicis
59
What are the intrinsic hypothenar hand muscles?
- abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti minimi brevis - opponens digiti minimi
60
What are the intrinsic short muscles of the hand?
- lumbricals - dorsal interossei - palmar interossei
61
Opponens pollicis origin, insertion, action, innervation
- flexor retinaculum, tubercle of scaphoid, tubercle of trapezium - lateral side of first metacarpal - oppose thumb - recurrent branch medial nerve
62
Abductor pollicis brevis origin, insertion, innervation, action
- flexor retinaculum, tubercle of scaphoid, tubercle of trapezium - lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb - abducts thumb, helps oppose thumb - recurrent branch of median nerve
63
Flexor pollicis brevis origin, insertion, action, innervation
- flexor retinaculum, tubercle of scaphoid, tubercle of trapezium - lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb - flexes thumb - recurrent branch of median nerve
64
Adductor pollicis origin, insertion, action, innervation
- oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate; transverse head: anterior shaft of third metacarpal - medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb - deep branch of ulnar nerve - adducts thumb
65
Abductor digiti minimi origin, insertion, action, innervation
- pisiform - medial base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger - abducts 5th finger; assists in flexion of proximal phalanx - deep branch of ulnar nerve
66
Flexor digiti minimi brevis origin, insertion, action, innervation
- flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate - medial base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger - flexes proximal phalanx of 5th finger - deep branch of ulnar nerve
67
opponens digiti minimi origin, insertion, action, innervation
- flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate - medial border of 5th metacarpal - brings 5th finger into opposition with thumb - deep branch of ulnar nerve
68
Lumbricals origin, insertion, action, innervation
- 1st and 2nd: lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus; 3rd and 4th: medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus - lateral sides extensor expansions of 2nd-5th fingers - flex metacarpophalangeal joints; extend interphaangeal joints of 2nd-5th fingers - median nerve
69
Dorsal interossei origin, insertion, action, innervation
- adjacent sides of two metacarpals - bases of proximal phalanges, extensor expansions of 2-4th fingers - abduct 2nd-4th fingers, act w/lumbricals to flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints - deep branch of ulnar nerve
70
palmar interossei origin, insertion, action, innervation
- palmar surfaces of 2, 4, 5th metacarpals - bases proximal phalanges, extensor expansion of 2, 4, 5th fingers - adducts 2, 4, 5th fingers, assists lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints

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