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Anatomy Quiz Review > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

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0
Q

Rectus Femoris origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • anterior inferior iliac spine
  • base of patella via quadriceps tendon
  • extend knee joint/stabilize the hip joint/flex hip joint
  • femoral nerve
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1
Q

Name the bones of the foot (ankle bones from medial to lateral and proximal to distal)

A
  • calcaneus
  • talus (sits on the calcaneus)
  • ankle bones:
    • navicular
    • cuboid (at the base of the 4th and 5th digits)
    • medial cuneiform (base of 1st or big toe)
    • intermediate cuneiform (base of 2nd
      metatarsal)
      -lateral cuneiform (base of the third metatarsal)
  • 5 metatarsals
  • proximal, middle, distal phalanges
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2
Q

Vastus lateralis origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • greater trochanter/lateral lip linea aspera
  • base of patella via quadriceps tendon
  • extend knee joint
  • femoral nerve
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3
Q

vastus medialis origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • intertrochanteric line/medial lip of linea aspera
  • base of patella via quadriceps tendon
  • extends the knee joint
  • femoral nerve
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4
Q

vastus intermedius origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • anterior and lateral shaft of femor
  • base of the patella via quadriceps tendon
  • extends knee joint
  • femoral nerve
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5
Q

What is the common innervation and insertion of the quadriceps muscles?

A
  • femoral nerve and base of the patella via the quadriceps tendon
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6
Q

What is the common innervation of the anterior thigh muscles?

A
  • femoral nerve
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7
Q

Psoas major origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • transverse processes of all lumbar vertebra
  • lesser trochanter of the femor
  • anterior rami of lumbar nerves
  • flex/stabilize hip, postural muscle controlling trunk deviation
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8
Q

illiacus origin, insertion, innervation, action

A
  • illiac crest/illiac fossa
  • lesser trochanter, tendon of psoas major
  • femoral nerve
  • flex and stabilize hip
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9
Q

Pectineus origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • superior ramus of pubis
  • pectineal line of femor
  • adducts/flexes hip, helps medial rotation
  • femoral nerve, maybe obturatur nerve branch
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10
Q

Sartorius origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • anterior superior iliac spine
  • superior part of medial surface of tibia
  • flexes, abducts, laterally rotates hip; flexes knee joint
  • femoral nerve
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11
Q

What muscles make up the anterior thigh muscles? What is their common innervation? Common action?

A
  • pectineus
  • sartorius
  • psoas major
  • iliacus
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
  • femoral nerve
  • flexors of the hip/extensors of the knee
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12
Q

What group of muscles makes up the medial thigh? What is their common action? Common innervation?

A
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor magnus
  • gracilis
  • obturator externus
  • adductors of the thigh
  • obturator nerve
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13
Q

Adductor longus origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • body of pubis
  • middle third linea aspera
  • adduct hip
  • obturator nerve
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14
Q

Adductor brevis origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • body of pubis/inferior ramus of pubis
  • pectineal line, proximal part of linea aspera of femor
  • adducts hip, helps flex hip
  • obturator nerve
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15
Q

adductor magnus origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • adductor part:
    • inferior ramus of pubis
    • gluteal tuberosity and medial supracondylar line
    • obturator nerve
    • adducts hip, flexes hip
  • hamstring part:
    • ischial tuberosity
    • adductor tubercle of femor
    • tibial part of sciatic nerve
    • adducts and extends the hip
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16
Q

Gracilis origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • body and inferior ramus of pubis
  • superior part medial surface tibia
  • adducts hip, flexes knee, medially rotates knee joint
  • obturator nerve
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17
Q

obturator externus origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • obturator membrane
  • trochanteric fossa of femor
  • obturator nerve
  • laterally rotate hip, holds pelvis steady
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18
Q

What are the borders, floor, and roof of the femoral triangle?

A 
Borders:
     - superior: inguinal ligament
     - medial: adductor longus
     - lateral: sartorius
Floor: 
     - laterally: iliopsoas
     - medially: pectineus
Roof: 
     - fascia lata, cribriform fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin
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19
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?

A
  • femoral nerve
  • femoral artery (lateral compartment)
  • femoral vein (intermediate compartment)
  • femoral canal (medial compartment)
  • deep inguinal lymph nodes
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20
Q

What muscles make up the gluteal region?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fasciae latae
  • piriformis
  • obturator internus
  • superior gemelli
  • inferior gemelli
  • quadratus femoris
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21
Q

Gluteus maximus origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
  • iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity
  • assistslateral rotation, rises from sitting position
  • inferior gluteal nerve
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22
Q

Gluteus medius origin, insertion, action, innervation

A
  • ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
  • lateral greater trochanter of femor
  • superior gluteal nerve
  • abducts and medially rotates hip
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23
Q

Gluteus minimus origin, insertion, action, innervation

Study These Flashcards
A
  • ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
  • anterior greater trochanter of femor
  • abduct and medially rotate hip
  • superior gluteal nerve
24
tensor fascia latae origin, insertion, action, innervation
- anterior superior iliac spine - iliotibial tract - flexes hip. stabilizes axtended knee w/ gluteus maximus - superior gluteal nerve
25
Piriformis origin, insertion, action, innervation
- superior margin of greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous ligament - superior border greater trochanter of femor - laterally rotate extended hip, abduct flexed hip, stabilize hip joint - branches of anterior rami of S1 and S2
26
Obturator internus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- obturator membrane - trochanteric fossa of femor (medial surface of greater trochanter) - laterally rotate extended hip, abduct flexed hip, stabilize hip - nerve to obturator internus
27
Superior gemellus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- ischial spine - trochanteric fossa - nerve to obturator internus - laterally rotate extended hip, abduct flexed hip, stabilize hip
28
Inferior gemellus origin, insertion, action and innervation
- ischial tuberosity - trochanteric fossa - nerve to quadratus femoris - laterally rotate extended hip, abduct flexed hip, stabilize hip
29
quadratus femoris origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral border of ischial tuberosity - quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest - laterally rotate hip joint, stabilize hip joint - nerve to quadratus femoris
30
What muscle in the posterior compartment of the thigh is not a hamstring muscle? Why?
- short head of biceps femoris | - it only crosses the knee joint and is innervated by the fibular division of the sciatic nerve
31
What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh? What are their common actions? Common innervation? Common origin?
- semitendinosus - semimembranosus - biceps femoris short head - biceps femoris long head - extend hip joint, flex knee joint - tibial division of sciatic nerve - ischial tuberosity
32
Semitendinosus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- ischial tuberosity - superior part medial surface tibia - extend hip, flex knee, rotate medially when knee flexed - tibial division of the sciatic nerve
33
Semimembranosus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- ischial tuberosity - posterior part medial condyle of femur - extend hip, flex knee, medially rotate leg when knee flexed - tibial division of the sciatic nerve
34
Biceps femoris short head origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral supracondylar line of femur, linea aspera - lateral side of head of fibula - flex knee joint, rotate knee laterally when flexed, extends hip - common fibular division of sciatic nerve
35
Biceps femoris long head origin, insertion, action, innervation
- ischial tuberosity - lateral side of head of fibula - flexes knee, rotates flexed knee laterally, extends hip - tibial division of sciatic nerve
36
Borders, roof, floor of popliteal fossa
Borders: - superolaterally: biceps femoris - superomedially: semimembranosus - inferolaterally: lateral head of gastrocnemius - inferomedially: medial head of gastrocnemius Roof: - skin and popliteal fascia Floor: - popliteal surface of femur, posterior capsule of knee joint, popliteus fascia covering popliteus muscle
37
Contents of popliteal fossa from medial to lateral
``` Deep: - common fibular nerve - tibial nerve - popliteal vein - popliteal artery - fat - posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh superficially somewhere Superficial: - popliteal lymph nodes - termination of small saphenous vein ```
38
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg? What is their common action? Common innervation? Common origin?
- tibialis anterior - extensor digitorum longus - extensor hallucis longus - fibularis tertius - dorsiflex (or extend) the ankle joint, extend the toes - deep fibular nerve - interosseous membrane
39
Tibialis anterior origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral condyle, interosseous membrane - base of 1st metatarsal - dorsiflex ankle, invert foot, support medial longitudinal arch - deep fibular nerve
40
extensor hallucis longus origin, insertion, action, innervation?
- middle part anterior fibula, interosseous membrane - dorsal aspect of base of big toe - extend great toe, dorsiflex ankle - deep fibular nerve
41
Extensor digitorum longus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral condyle tibia, interosseous membrane - middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits - extend lateral four digits, dorsiflex ankle - deep fibular nerve
42
Fibularis tertius origin, insertion, action, innervation
- inferior third anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane - dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal - dorsiflex ankle, aids eversion of foot - deep fibular nerve
43
What muscles make up the lateral component of the leg? What is their common action? Common innervation? Common origin?
- fibularis longus - fibularis brevis - evertors of the foot - superficial fibular nerve - lateral surface of fibula
44
Fibularis longus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- head and superior 2/3 lateral surface of fibula - base of 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform - evert foot, weakly plantarflex ankle, supports transverse arch of foot - superficial fibular nerve
45
Fibularis brevis origin, insertion, action, innervation
- middle part lateral surface of fibula - tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal - evert foot, weakly plantarflex ankle - superficial fibular nerve
46
What muscles make up the posterior leg? Which are superficial and which are deep? Common innervation of posterior leg muscles? Common action?
``` Superficial group: - gastrocnemius - soleus - plantaris Deep group: - popliteus - flexor hallucis longus - flexor digitorum longus - tibialis posterior - tibial nerve - plantarflex ankle ```
47
What muscles make up triceps surae? What common tendon do they share?
- lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius - soleus - calcaneal tendon
48
What muscles make up pes anserinus (common tendon of insertion)?
- sartorius - gracilis - semitendinosus
49
Gastrocnemius lateral head origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral condyle of the femur - posterior surface calcaneus via calcaneal tendon - plantarflex ankle while knee extended, raise heel during walking, flex knee - tibial nerve
50
Gastrocnemius medial head origin, insertion, action, innervation
- medial popliteal surface of femur - posterior surface calcaneus via calcaneal tendon - plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended, raises heel during walking, flexes knee joint - tibial nerve
51
Soleus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- posterior aspect head of femur, soleal line - posterior surface calcaneus via calcaneal tendon - plantarflexes ankle, steadies leg on foot (antigravity muscle) - tibial nerve
52
Plantaris origin, insertion, action, innervation
- oblique popliteal ligament, lateral supracondylar line femur - posterior surface calcaneus via calcaneal line - weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle, mainly proprioceptive - tibial nerve
53
What common insertion do the superficial posterior leg muscles share?
- posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
54
Popliteus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus - posterior surface tibia superior to soleal line - weakly flexes knee, unlocks knee by lateral rotation of femur - tibial nerve
55
flexor hallucis longus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- inferior interosseous membrane - base of distal phalanx of great toe - flexes great toe at all joints, weakly plantarflex ankle, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot - tibial nerve
56
Flexor digitorum longus origin, insertion, action, innervation
- posterior tibia inferior to soleal line - bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits - flexes lateral four digits, plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arch of foot - tibial nerve
57
Tibialis posterior origin, insertion, action, innervation
- posterior surface fibula, interosseous membrane, posterior tibia inferior to soleal line - tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, bases 2nd-4th metatarsals - plantarflex ankle, invert foot, support medial longitudinal arch - tibial nerve
58
What are the contents of the tarsal tunnel in order from lateral to medial?
- Tibialis posterior tendon - Flexor digitorum longus tendon - posterior tibial artery - posterior tibial vein - tibial nerve - Flexor hallucis longus

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