Joints

Question 1

3 types of joints

Answer 1

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 2

Fibrous Joint:

1. Describe movement.
2. Describe connection
3. Found where?

Answer 2

1. little to no movement
2. bones connected by dense connective tissue
3. skull.

Question 3

Cartilaginous Joint:

1. Describe movement.
2. Describe connection
3. Found where?

Answer 3

1. little movement
2. 2 bones joined by fibrocartilginous disks between the articular surfaces.
3. sternocostal joint, intervertebral joint, and symphysis pelvis

Question 4

Synovial Joint:

1. Describe movement.
2. Describe connection
3. Found where?

Answer 4

1. most joint movement.
2. 2 bones separated by narrow synovial cavity supported by connective tissue capsule and associated ligaments
3. Major joints of upper and lower extremity (knee, shoulder, elbow, etc)

Question 5

What do synovial joints allow for?

Answer 5

smooth movements between adjacent bones due to synovial/joint cavity.

Question 6

What is the synovial joint cavity surrounded by?

Answer 6

articular capsule

Question 7

What is the articular capsule?

Answer 7

fibrous connective tissue structure that is attached to each bone outside the articulating surface.

Question 8

What prevents the friction between bones at the synovial joint?

Answer 8

articular cartilage

Question 9

What is articular cartilage?

Answer 9

thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone at the synovial joint.

Question 10

What lines the inner surface of the articular capsule?

Answer 10

synovial membrane

Question 11

What cells line the synovial membrane?

Answer 11

Intima

Question 12

What do the intima secrete?

Answer 12

synovial fluid

Question 13

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 13

provides lubrication to further reduce friction between bone and joint. Provides a degrees of tension to hold the ends of the bones together. Provides nourishment at the articular cartilage which has no blood vessels.

Question 14

What is the remainder of the synovial membrane referred to as?

Answer 14

Subintima

Question 15

What is subintima consist of?

Answer 15

highly vascularized loose connective tissue

Question 16

What does injury of irritation of the synovial membrane lead to?

Answer 16

excess production of joint fluid or effusion

Question 17

Ligaments are classified based on what?

Answer 17

relationship to fibrous capsule

Question 18

Intrinsic ligament

Answer 18

fused to or incorporated into the wall of the fibrous capsule.

Question 19

extrinsic ligament

Answer 19

located outside of the articular capsule

Question 20

Passive (static) stabilizers of synovial joint

Answer 20

shapes of bones, fibrocartilaginous disks, joint capsule, ligaments, and surface tension provided by the synovial fluid

Question 21

Active (dynamic) stabilizers of synovial joint

Answer 21

muscles and their associated tendons that cross the joint. Important for shoulder joint where ligaments are relatively weak.

Question 22

4 joints of the shoulder

Answer 22

acrominoclavicular
glenohumeral
scapulothoracic
sternoclavicular

Question 23

Where is the glenohumeral joint

Answer 23

articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula

Question 24

Movement of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

Answer 24

flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, internal and external rotation

Question 25

Where are the acrominoclavicular and sternoclavicular joints?

Answer 25

articulations between the clavicle and the sternum and the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula

Question 26

Movement of the acrominoclavicular and sternoclabicular joints?

Answer 26

relatively immobile and allow for a gliding type of motion

Question 27

What kind of joint is the scapulothoracic joint and where is it?

Answer 27

Functional joint | between the anterior surface of the scapula an nth posterior/lateral thoracic wall

Question 28

Movement of the scapula

Answer 28

elevation and depression protraction and retraction upward and downward rotation