Joints Flashcards

(66 cards)

1
Q

What is the location at which bones connect?

A

a joint

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2
Q

What is the purpose of a joint?

A

to allow movement

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3
Q

how many types of joint are there?

A

3

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4
Q

name 1 type of joint

A

fibrous (or cartilaginous, synovial)

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5
Q

______ joints are immoveable and interlocking

A

fibrous

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6
Q

________ joints are slightly moveable

A

cartilagious

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7
Q

____ joints are freely movable and are the most common type in the body

A

synovial

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8
Q

name an example of a synovial joint

A

the patella-femoral (knee)

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9
Q

name a cartilaginous joint

A

the manubriosternal

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10
Q

name a fibrous joint

A

the cranium (skull bones)

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11
Q

What is the articular capsule

A

it is fibrous and continuous with the periosteum

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12
Q

in _____ joints that share common borders are covered with articular cartilage?

A

synovial joints

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13
Q

The articular capsule consists of how many layers?

A

2 layers

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14
Q

explain one of the articular capsule layers

A

the outer layer is a fibrous membrane that may contain ligaments

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15
Q

explain the inner later of the articular capsule

A

the inner synovial membrane that secrets the lubricating, shock absorbing, joint nourishing synovial fluid

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16
Q

What are the bones of the synovial joint covered in?

A

a layer of hyaline cartilage (smooth slippery surface)

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17
Q

the articular capsule is made of what 2 layers?

A

fibrous layer and synovial menbrane

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18
Q

what does the joint cavity contain

A

synovial fluid

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19
Q

how many types of synovial joints are there

A

6

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20
Q

name a synovial joint

A

gliding and plane/hinge/pivot/saddle/ball and joint/condyloid and ellipsiod

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21
Q

how many common characteristics do synovial joints have?

A

4

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22
Q

True or false: ends of bones are covered in hyaline cartilage?

A

true

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23
Q

True or false: synovial capsules are not covered in a fibrous capsule?

A

false… they ARE covered in a fibrous capsule

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24
Q

true or false: synovial joints are enclosed by ligaments for stability?

A

this is TRUE! strength is gained from these ligaments

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25
true or false: synovial joint capsules are not lined by a synovia membrane that secretes synovial fluid for lubrication?
false! this smooth slippy surface is key to reducing friction. It absorbs shock and is nourishing for the joints
26
Is the tarsal joint a gliding joint or a hinge joint?
gliding
27
is the carpal joint a gliding joint or a pivot joint?
gliding
28
is the tibiofemoral joint a gliding joint or a hinge joint?
it is a hinge joint (knee - tibia and femur)
29
is the atlanto-axial joint a pivot joint or a hinge joint?
pivot joint (c1 - c2) (neck)
30
give an example of a ball and socket joint
hip
31
give an example of a hinge joint
knee
32
give an example of a saddle joint
thumb
33
give an example of a ellipsoid joint
knuckles
34
what is the function of the gliding joint
allow two bones to slide past each other
35
is the atlas-axis joint a pivot joint or a saddle joint?
it is a pivot joint (allows rotation around an axis). It is the neck
36
the acromioclavicular joint is what?
gliding
37
\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the movement where the angle between two bones decreases. Flexion or extension?
flexion
38
\_\_\_\_ refers to movement where the angle between two bones increases. Flexion or extension?
extension
39
\_\_\_ Refers to movement where the angle between two bones decreases and on the horizontal plane.
Horizontal Flexion
40
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Refers to movement where the angle between two bones increases and occurs on the horizontal plane.
Horizontal Extension
41
\_\_\_\_\_ flexion refers to movement of the spine laterally away from the midline of the body. This can be seen when we bend to one side. Refers to movement of the spine laterally away from the midline of the body. Lateral extension refers to the increased angle at the spine. This can be seen when we bend to one side.
lateral
42
Explain abduction
Movement of a body segment away from the midline of the body
43
Explain adduction
Movement of a body segment toward the midline of the body
44
\_\_\_\_\_ is a movement where the joint is the pivot and the body segment moves in a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction.
Circumduction
45
What is the forward movement of the scapula that results in the hunching of the shoulders?
protraction
46
what is the backward movement of the scapula as they pull together to ‘square’ the shoulders and push the chest out?
retraction
47
what refers to the raising of the scapula to a more superior level (shrugging the shoulders)? Elevation or depression?
elevation
48
what refers to the scapula moving to a more inferior position as they are pulled downwards?
depression
49
Supination refers to the movement of what two possible parts of the body?
hand and foot
50
A hand supination is a movement so the palm of the hand faces upward or forward (anteriorly). True or false?
true
51
A hand supination is a movement so the palm of the hand faces down or forward (anteriorly). True or false?
False, the hand must face upwards
52
foot ____ is a combination of inversion, plantar flexion and adduction of the foot occurring at the same time. Supination or pronation?
supination
53
\_\_\_\_ supination is the combination of inversion, plantar flexion and adduction of the foot occurring at the same time
foot
54
hand ____ movement so the palm of the hand faces downwards or backwards (posteriorly)
pronation
55
foot _____ combination of eversion, dorsiflexion and abduction of the foot occurring at the same
pronation
56
plantar flexion is what?
moving the top of the foot away from the shin or 'pointing' the toes
57
dorsiflexion is what?
moving the top of the foot towards the shin or 'raising' the toes
58
Moving the top of the foot away from the shin or ‘pointing’ the toes is A) plantar flexion or B) dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
59
moving the top of the foot toward the shin or 'raising' the toes is A) plantar flexion or B) dorsiflexion
dorsiflexion
60
\_\_\_\_ is the movement of the foot to bring the sole of the foot to face upwards. Eversion or inversion
eversion
61
\_\_\_\_ is the movement of the foot to bring the sole of the foot to face inward? Inversion or eversion
inversion
62
what two types of rotation are there?
lateral and medial
63
rotation refers to what?
a pivoting or 'twisting' movement
64
\_\_\_\_ rotation is the movement of a body segment where the front (anterior) of the segment rotates medially (inwards) towards the midline of the body. Is it lateral or medial?
medial
65
\_\_\_\_\_\_ rotation is the movement of a body segment where the front (anterior) of the segment rotates laterally (outwards) away from the midline of the body? Is it medial or lateral?
lateral
66