The Vertebrae

Question 1

The vertebral column consists of how many bones?

Answer 1

33 vertebrae in total (24 vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)

Question 2

What are the 5 sections of the vertebral column?

Answer 2

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Question 3

What is C1-C7

Answer 3

the cervical vertebrae

Question 4

is C1 known as the atlas or the axis?

Answer 4

atlas

Question 5

Is the C2 known at the atlas or the axis?

Answer 5

Axis

Question 6

the space between the body and the arch is known as what?

Answer 6

vertebral foramen

Question 7

what is formed when the body and the arch of 2 vertebrae meet?

Answer 7

foramen

Question 8

C7 is known as what?

Answer 8

the vertabra prominent/prominens

Question 9

_____ is a apeture for the transmission of the spinal nerves?

Answer 9

a foramen

Question 10

which of the neck’s vertebrae does not have an anterior body and posterior arch?

Answer 10

C1

Question 11

The thoracic vertebrae are which number?

Answer 11

8th- 19th (T1-12)

Question 12

each thoracic vertebra consists of ____ and _____

Answer 12

anterior body and a posterior vertebral arch

Question 13

true or false? the thoracic disc like body is weight bearing?

Answer 13

true

Question 14

the upper/lower surfaces of the thoracic vertebra give attachment to what?

Answer 14

intervertebral discs

Question 15

a vertebral arch consists of what 2 things??

Answer 15

a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae

Question 16

the lumbar vertebra hold which numbers in the spine?

Answer 16

20th-24th (L1-L5)

Question 17

ody and arch of two vertebra articulate, a foramen is formed for the transmission of the spinal nerves. The transverse processes articulate with the tubercles of the vertebrosternal ribs and false ribs…. except which 2 ribs?`

Answer 17

T11 and T12

Question 18

each lumbar vertebra consists of ____ and _____

Answer 18

a heavy anterior body and a posterior vertebral arch

Question 19

True or false: the disc like body of the lumbar vertebra is weight-bearing?

Answer 19

true

Question 20

true or false: the long, slender transverse processes are situated in front of the articular processes instead of behind them? (lumbar)

Answer 20

true

Question 21

what forms the mammillary process?

Answer 21

the superior tubercle of the transverse process is connected with the superior articular process

Question 22

(lumbar) the inferior tubercle at the base of the transverse process is called what?

Answer 22

the accessory process

Question 23

the cauda equina begins at what lumar vertebra? (important)

Answer 23

at or near

L3

Question 24

what number of vertebra does the sacral vertebra have?

Answer 24

(S1-S5) 25th-29th

Question 25

which part of the vertebra is fused?

Answer 25

the sacrum

Question 26

where is the sacrum located?

Answer 26

between the hip bones

Question 27

the vertebral canal runs throughout the greater part of what bone?

Answer 27

the sacrum

Question 28

True or false: the female sacrum is shorter and wider?

Answer 28

true----- and directed more obliquely backwards increasing the pelvic cavity size

Question 29

(sacrum) the upper half of the lateral canal is covered in what\>

Answer 29

cartilage covered articulation for the iliuna

Question 30

(sacrum) the vertebral canal forms a passage for what?

Answer 30

the sacral nerves

Question 31

the coccyc bone is in what position?

Answer 31

terminal position

Question 32

the coccyx is which number of bones?

Answer 32

30th to 33rd (fused)

Question 33

true or false: the last 3 coccyx bones diminish in size?

Answer 33

true, the last piece is often just a nodule of bone

Question 34

What type of posture is described as ideal?

Answer 34

neutral spine

Question 35

the spine is made of how many curves?

Answer 35

4 (2 concave, 2 convex)

Question 36

Describe neutral spine:

Answer 36

ideal position with minimal stress on the vertebrae and its ligaments

Question 37

What are the three main types of postural abnormality? (deviation)

Answer 37

kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis

Question 38

define kyphosis:

Answer 38

excessive convex curvature of spine, occurs in the thoracic and sacral regions (rounded shoulders)

Question 39

define lordosis:

Answer 39

excessive inward curve of the lower back (can occur at the cervical spine)

Question 40

define scoliosis:

Answer 40

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (a sideways curve which is s-shaped or c-shaped)

Question 41

How does pregnancy effect posture?

Answer 41

it can enhance the curvature of the spine, shifting the centre of gravity backwards

Question 42

what is muscle inbalance?

Answer 42

refers to a condition where opposing muscles are out of balance with one another in terms of strenght/tension/ or length

Question 43

when muscles are imbalanced, the muscles are what?

Answer 43

one group is tighter and shorter and the other is elongated and lax

Question 44

muscle that is short is chronically what?

Answer 44

tensed

Question 45

tense muscles can develop knots called what?

Answer 45

trigger points

Question 46

what can trigger points cause?

Answer 46

localised/referred pain and weaker muscle

Question 47

what can muscle imbalance interfere with?

Answer 47

posture

Question 48

what causes anterior pelvic shift?

Answer 48

muscle connected to the lumbar is tight and pulls spine forward

Question 49

what causes muscle imbalance?

Answer 49

repetitive activity, poor exercise habits, repetitive movements at work

Question 50

what is the process of the brain allowing an engaging muscle to tense up without resistance?

Answer 50

reciprocal inhibiition