Joints, synovial fluid and cartilage

Question 1

name the 3 types of joint

Answer 1

fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

Question 2

what are the bones involved in fibrous joints held together by

Answer 2

collagen fibres and connective tissue

Question 3

where are fibrous joints found

Answer 3

cranial sutures, interosseous membrane and peridontal

Question 4

what are the types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 4

Primary (synchondrosis) and secondary (symphysis)

Question 5

where are primary cartilaginous joints found

Answer 5

growth plate of bones

Question 6

where are secondary cartilaginous joints found

Answer 6

IV discs

Question 7

what is the structural difference between primary cartilaginous and secondary cartilaginous joints

Answer 7

primary only has hyaline cartilage and secondary has hyaline and fibrocartilage

Question 8

name the type of joint in which no cartilage is found

Answer 8

fibrous

Question 9

name different types of synovial joints

Answer 9

plane, saddle, ball and socket, pivot, condylar

Question 10

where would you find a condylar joint

Answer 10

Atlanto-occipital joint

Question 11

where in the hand would you find a saddle joint

Answer 11

at the first carpel-metacarpal joint (thumb joint)

Question 12

what determines the stability of a joint

Answer 12

the shape of the articulating surfaces, the ligaments and the muscles surrounding the joint

Question 13

what type of cartilage makes up the menisci

Answer 13

fibrocartilage

Question 14

what is the function of the menisci

Answer 14

reduces the friction during movement and balances the weight of the body

Question 15

what is another term for hyaline cartilage

Answer 15

articular cartilage

Question 16

what is the function of the chondrocytes found in the hyaline cartilage

Answer 16

to produce collagen

Question 17

what is the purpose of the glycoproteins in the hyaline cartilage

Answer 17

to act as joint lubricant

Question 18

what types of chondrocytes are found in hyaline cartilage

Answer 18

flat ones at the superficial layer (produce collagen) and round ones in the deep layer (produce proteoglycans)

Question 19

what is the difference between lubricin and aggrecan

Answer 19

lubricin is a glycoprotein and aggrecan is a proteoglycan

Question 20

where does cartilage get its nutrition supply from

Answer 20

the synovial fluid (SF is in direct contact with the blood)

Question 21

what produces synovial fluid

Answer 21

the synoviocytes in the synovial membrane

Question 22

what are the different types of synoviocytes

Answer 22

type A (removes debris) and type b (main SF producer)

Question 23

what is the turnover time of SF

Answer 23

2 hours

Question 24

what is the function of the synovial fluid

Answer 24

nutrition of the cartilage, removal of waste products and lubrication of joints

Question 25

what are bursae

Answer 25

fluid filled sacs of synovial fluid that surround the joints to reduce friction

Question 26

why does shock absorption reduce with age

Answer 26

the synovial fluid becomes more viscous

Question 27

what is osteoarthritis

Answer 27

this is when the protective ends of the bones break down causing pain and swelling which leads to problems moving the joints