July 11, 2019

Question 1

What is the purpose of the lateral hypothalamus

Answer 1

• One missing with LH lacks hunger

- so with LH, there are positive signals for us to start eating

Question 2

What is the purpose of the ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 2

• when is one missing, Very Much Hungry
• > so when functioning properly, it signals us to stop eating

-this is induced by having lectin present in the blood

Question 3

Describe the four stages in the sexual response cycle

Answer 3

1) Excitement phase
- >marked by increased heart rate, muscle tension, blood pressure, etc

2) Plateau
3) Orgasm
4) Refractory period

Question 4

How do sociocultural and hormonal factors affect the sexual response cycle

Answer 4

Sociocultural
->varied sexual response due to age, cultural background, stimulus(how responsive we are), emotions and desires(procreate or not)

Hormones

• > prolactin is related to sexual gratification and is associated with relieving sexual arousal after an orgasm
• > endorphins produce feelings of euphoria
• > oxytocin is released after an orgasm to facilitate bonds and feelings of connectedness

Question 5

What is the definition of attitude

Answer 5

• it is a learned tendency to evaluate things in a certain way
• > to evaluate people, issues, events or objects

Question 6

What are the three components of attitude

Answer 6

1) Affective(emotional)
2) Behavioural
3) Cognitive

Question 7

What is the theory of planned behaviour

Answer 7

• it has to do with intentions and implications

- >the best predictor of behaviour is the strength of the intentions and implications

Question 8

What are intentions in the theory of planned behaviour based on

Answer 8

1) Attitudes
2) Subjective norms
3) perceived behavioural control

Question 9

What is the attitude to behaviour process model

Answer 9

• an event triggers our attitude

- >then attitude+some outside knowledge together determines the behaviour

Question 10

What is the prototype willingness model

Answer 10

• behaviour is a function of 6 things
  1) Past behaviour
  2) Attitudes
  3) Subjective norms
  4) Our intentions
  5) Our willingness to engage in a specific type of behaviour
  6) Models/prototyping

Question 11

What is the elaboration likelihood model for persuasion

Answer 11

• 2 ways in which info is processed
• > central route of persuasion
• > peripheral route of persuasion

Question 12

What is effort justification

Answer 12

• people’s tendency to attribute a greater value to an outcome they had to put effort into acquiring or achieving
• note minimal justification leads to greater cognitive dissonance

Question 13

What is cognitive dissonance

Answer 13

• it is the discomfort experienced when holding 2 or more conflicting cognitions
• > these conflicting cognitions can be alleviated by alteration in our beliefs/behaviours

Question 14

How do you reduce cognitive discomfort(four ways)

Answer 14

1)Modify our cognitions

2) Trivialize
- >make the cognition less important

3) Add more cognitions
4) Deny facts

Question 15

What is the situational approach to behaviour

Answer 15

• we are placed in new situations every day

- >these situations affect our behaviour

Question 16

What is social psychology

Answer 16

• it is a branch of psychology that analyzes the situation approach to behaviour
• > and emphasizes influence on social phenomena and people interactions

-focuses on interactions between individuals and external environment

Question 17

What are the three main parts of external attribution

Answer 17

1) Consistency
- >does person usually behave this way

2)Consensus

3) Distinctiveness
- >does person behave differently in different situations

Question 18

What does psychoanalytic theory say about personality

Answer 18

• that it is shaped by our childhood experiences

- >the child’s unconscious feelings and past memories

Question 19

What is projection, regression, subblimation

Answer 19

Projection
->projecting feelings of inadequacy on other people

Regression
->defence mechanism where one regresses to position of child in problematic situations

Sublimation
->defense mechanism where unwanted impulses are transformed into something less harmful

Question 20

What does the humanistic theory focus on

Answer 20

• it focuses on healthy personality development and that all humans are seen as inherently good
• the most basic motive of all people is to achieve self actualization
• focuses on the conscious and that we are self-motivated to improve
• > unlike Freud, who focuses on fixations

Question 21

What are the two things that need to be present for a person to achieve self-actualization in Rogers theory

Answer 21

1)Growth is nurtured when an individual is genuine

2) Growth is nurtured through acceptance
- >unconditional positive regard from others

Question 22

What is key to Rogers and Maslow’s theories

Answer 22

• self concept

- >achieved when we bring genuiness and acceptance together

Question 23

What does the behaviourist theory say about personality

Answer 23

• that personality is the result of learned behaviour patterns
• > based on a person’s environment

Question 24

What theories does the cognitive theory bridge

Answer 24

-psychoanalytic and the behavioural approach

Question 25

What is a surface trait and what is a source trait

Answer 25

• it is evident from a person’s behaviour

- source trait are factors underlying human personality(fewer and more abstract)

Question 26

What did Gordon Allport come up with in relation to personality

Answer 26

• all of us have different traits
• 3 basic categories of traits
• > cardinal traits(dominant traits)
• > central traits(less dominant than cardinal)
• > secondary traits(preferences or attitudes)

Question 27

What are the three dimensions of personalities in Eysenck’s theory(acronym is PEN)

Answer 27

1) Psychoticism
- >degree to which reality is distorted

2)Extroversion

3) Neuroticism
- >emotional stability