Junior Final Flashcards
(349 cards)
1
Q
The small minority of harmful bacteria that invade plant or animal tissues are considered
A
Pathogenic
2
Q
Plus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads are the _____, they cause _____
A
Streptococci, blood poisoning
3
Q
Round-shaped pathogenic bacteria that appear singly or in groups are
A
Cocci
4
Q
The active stage and inactive or spore-forming stage of bacteria are referred to as the
A
Life cycle of bacteria
5
Q
The division process where bacteria divide into two new cells is
A
Mitosis
6
Q
Body tissues being invaded by disease-causing or pathogenic bacteria result in an
A
Infection
7
Q
Nonpathogenic bacteria are
A
Harmless
8
Q
A disease that spreads from one person to another by contact is said to be
A
Communicable disease
9
Q
Organisms that live in or on another living organisms and draw their nourishment from the host organism giving nothing in return are
A
Parasites
10
Q
Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids are called
A
Blood borne pathogens
11
Q
The skin disease that is caused by an infestation of head lice is called
A
Pediculosis capitis
12
Q
The type of immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease or through vaccination is
A
Acquired immunity
13
Q
The level of protection required by the salon to kill most organisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, is
A
Disinfection
14
Q
Substances used to destroy bacteria and viruses on surfaces such as implements and combs are
A
Disinfectants
15
Q
The cells of all living things are composed of a substance called
A
Protoplasm
16
Q
The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is the
A
Nucleus
17
Q
The bone that forms the forehead is the
A
Frontal bone
18
Q
A collection of similar cells that perform a specific function is a
A
Tissue
19
Q
Tissue that carries blood, lymph, food and hormones throughout the body is
A
Connective tissue
20
Q
The cranium is made up of how many bones
A
8
21
Q
The largest and strongest bone of the face that forms the lower jaw is the
A
Mandible
22
Q
The bones that form the sides of the head behind the ear region are
A
Parietal
23
Q
The heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee is
A
Femur
24
Q
The study of structure, function, and diseases of the muscles are called
A
Myology
25
The three parts of the muscles are the ____, _____ and _____
Origin, belly, and insertion
26
The ring muscle of the eye socket that enables you to close your eyes as when blinking is the
Orbicularis oculi
27
The muscle that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically is the
Corrugator muscle
28
The muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper rand middle region of the back and rotates and controls swinging movement of the arms is the
Trapezius
29
Muscles that are involved with the bending of the wrist are the ____ the muscles that straighten the wrist are _____
Flexors, extensors
30
The scientific study of structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system is known as
Neurology
31
The chief motor nerve of the face is the
Seventh cranial or facial nerve
32
Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic and are located closer to the skin surface are ____, they carry ____ blood
Veins, pure
33
Structures that allow the blood to flow in one direction only are
Valves
34
The coloring matter of blood is the
Hemoglobin
35
The main source of blood supply to the head, neck, and face are the
Common carotid arteries
36
Continued pressure on any part of the skin causes it to thicken and develop into a/an
Callus
37
The epidermis layer of the skin is also known as the
Cuticle later
38
The deepest layer of the epidermis, the nasal cell layer, is also known as the
Stratum germinativum
39
The stratum germinativum contains layers that produce a dark skin pigment called
Melanin
40
The layer of skin that we see and is treated by the practitioner is the
Stratum corneum
41
A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is
Keratin
42
The underlying or inner layer of the skin is called the ____. Or the ___ _____, _____ or ____ skin
Dermis, derma corium, Cutis or true skin
43
The two layers of the dermis are the _____ and _____
Papillary and reticular
44
The fatty layer found below the dermis is the _____ tissue also known as the _____ it contains __________
Subcutaneous, adipose, contains fat blood, arrector pilli
45
The layer of the dermis that houses the nerve endings that provide the body with the sense of touch is the _____ layer
Papillary
46
Form and strength are provided by
Collagen
47
Oil glands that are connected to hair follicles are also called ___ glands
Sebaceous
48
Retionic acid, or Retin-A, is a prescription cream used to treat
Acne
49
Name the 6 functions of the skin
Protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, secretion, and absorption
50
The nail is an appendage of the skin and is part of what system
Integumentary system
51
The water content of the natural nail directly affects the nails
Flexibility
52
The portion of living skin on which the nail plate sits is the
Nail bed
53
The part of the nail where the natural nail is formed is the
Matrix
54
The visible portion of the matrix that extends underneath the living skin is called the
Lunula
55
How many layers of nail cells are contained in the nail plate
100
56
The dead, colorless tissue attached to the nail plate that is responsible for preventing entry of foreign material and bacteria is the
Cuticle
57
The living skin at the base of the nail is the ______, Under the free-edge is the _____
Eponychium, hyponychium
58
The fibrous tissue that connect the nail bed and matrix to the underlying bone are the
Specialized ligaments
59
The portion of the natural nail plate that extends over the fingertip or toes is called the
Free-edge
60
Natural nails will continue to grow as long as the _____ remains healthy and undamaged
Matrix
61
The nail that grows the fastest is the _____, the slowest is the ____
Middle finger, thumb
62
The average rate of nail growth in an adult is
1/10 inch per month
63
Replacement of the natural nail takes about ___ to ____ months
4-6
64
The scientific study of hair is
Trichology
65
The part of the human hair that projects above the skin is the
Hair shaft
66
The thickened, clublike structure that forms the lower part of the hair root is the
Hair bulb
67
The fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells that contain melanin is the
Cortex
68
A temporary side bond that is broken by changes in pH is a _____ bond
Salt
69
The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is referred to as
Texture
70
The ability of the hair to absorb water or oil is
Porosity
71
Hair flowing in the same direction is known as a hair ____
Stream
72
The short, fine, downy hair that helps in the evaporation of perspiration is the ____ hair
Vellus
73
The technical term for grey hair is
Canities
74
Brittleness and the formation of modular swellings along the hair shaft is a condition called
Trichorrhexis nodosa
75
Itching scales and sometime painful circular lesions are caused by
Fungal organisms
76
An inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacteria is a
Carbuncle
77
Any substance that occupies space is considered to be
Matter
78
The difference between one element and another is the number of _____ it contains _____
Atoms, molecules
79
The chemical composition of two or more atoms of different elements produces a/an
Compound
80
A combination of two or more substances physically blended is a
Physical mixture
81
Liquids that can be mixed without separating easily are
Miscible
82
A stable suspension of one liquid or solid in another liquid, United with the aid of a binder is a/an
Emulsion
83
Substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products are
Alkanolamines
84
A common volatile organic compound that evaporates quickly and is used in hair spray is _____ alcohol
Ethyl
85
An atom that carries an electrical charge is a/an
Ion
86
A solution with a pH value of 7 indicates a ____ solution
Neutral
87
Another term that is used to describe an alkali is
Base
88
When oxygen is subtracted from a substance, the chemical reaction is called
Reduction
89
Electricity does not occupy space or have physical or chemical properties, it is however still a form of
Energy
90
A metal that is a particularly good conductor of electricity is
Copper
91
Rubber, silk, wood, and glass are common examples of
Insulators
92
The unit that measures pressure or force of the flow of electrons is a/an
Voltage
93
The term used to measure the strength of an electric current is a
Ampere
94
How much electricity is being used in one second is a/an
Watt
95
The indication of the negative or positive pole of an electric current is referred to as the
Polarity
96
The positive electrode is called the
Anode
97
The most commonly used modality is the
Galvanic current
98
The rays with the longest wavelengths that penetrate the deepest and produce more heat than visible light are the ____ rays
Infrared
99
A combination light of all visible rays of the spectrum is the ___ light
White
100
The element of hair design that defines form and space is
Line
101
Lines a constant distance apart in the same direction that are used to create width in a hair design are _____ lines
Horizontal
102
Curved lines repeating in opposite directions create a/an
Wave
103
The type of line used to make a hairstyle appear longer and narrower is a/an _____ line
Vertical
104
An example of a style using curved, parallel lines that create interest in a design is a
Finger wave style
105
Contrasting lines are horizontal and vertical lines that create a hard edge and form a ____ angle
90
106
The part of the overall design that the client will respond to first is the
Silhouette
107
The form or mass of a hairstyle may also be called
Volume
108
The are surrounding the form is
Space
109
To draw a line in a hairstyle in the direction you want the eye to travel, use a ____ color
Light
110
The comparative relationship in scale of one thing to another in hair design is called
Proportion
111
Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry in a design is called
Balance
112
The hair design where both sides of a hairstyle form a mirror image of each other is known as ____ balance
Symmetrical
113
The regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design is the
Rhythm
114
The principle of hair design that holds all the elements of design together is
Harmony
115
The facial shape that is considered to be ideal is the ____ shaped
Oval
116
Water is the most abundant and important element on earth and is classified as a/an
Universal solvent
117
The treatment that passes water through a porous substance, such as charcoal or a filter, to be purified is known as
Filtration
118
Shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair are______ shampoos
PH balanced
119
Shampoos containing acidic ingredients that cut through product buildup on the hair shaft are _____ shampoos
Clarifying
120
Shampoos containing special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing excessive dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions are ____ shampoos
Medicated
121
Substances that absorb moisture and promote the retention of moisture are known as
Humectants
122
Shampoos that are created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called
Color enhancing
123
Surfaces on the head where the head changes, such as the ears, jawline, and occipital bone, are referred to as
Reference points
124
Reference points in a haircut are used to establish ____ lines
Design
125
The location of the four corners signals a change in the ____ shape
Head
126
Hair the grows below the parietal ridge, or crest, hangs because of
Gravity
127
The space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point is a/an
Angle
128
A line is a thin continuous mark used as a/an
Guide
129
Horizontal lines are used to create one-length and low-elevation cuts and build
Weight
130
The straight lines used to remove weight and create graduated or layered haircuts are
Vertical lines
131
An important element in creating a strong foundation and consistency in haircutting and creating shapes is the use of
Angles
132
The uniform working areas used for control during haircutting are called
Sections
133
The growth pattern is the direction in which hair grows from the scalp is also called the
Natural falling position
134
The thickness or diameter of each hair strand is referred to as
Texture
135
Shears that are designed to remove more hair, with larger teeth set farther apart, are ____ shears
Notching
136
The comb used for close tapers on the bake and sides and when using a scissor-over-comb technique is a ____ comb
Barber
137
When performing a haircut, the wide teeth of the comb are used to _____ and ____ the hair
Comb and part
138
Haircuts that generally have less weight than graduated haircuts are ____ cuts
Layered
139
A basic haircut where the hair is cut at a 180 degree angle is the ______ cut
Long layered cut
140
In general, a razor should not be used on curly hair as it weakens the
Cuticle
141
A texturing technique performed on the ends of the hair using the tips of the shears to remove bulk is ____ cutting
Point
142
The technique that allows you to cut the hair very close to the scalp and create a flat-top or square shape is
Clipper over comb
143
In finger waving, the ridges and waves that run up and down the head are
Vertical
144
The type of curl that is placed completely off base and allows for the greatest mobility is the _____ curl
Full-stem
145
The most commonly shaped pin curl pass is the ____ base
Arc
146
Arc pin curls are also known as a half-moon or ____ shaped curls
C
147
Pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are referred to as _____ curls
Carved
148
Two rows of ridge curls on the side of the head are called
Skip waves
149
The panel of hair on which a roller is placed is called the
Base
150
The technique of drying and styling damp hair in one operation is ____ styling
Blow-dry
151
A blow-dryer attachment used to accentuate the textural definition in a style is a
Diffuser
152
Grooming brushes that add polish and shine to the hair have a bristle mixture consisting of ____ and ____
Boar and nylon
153
The edges of flat irons that create smooth, straight styles on very curly hair are
Straight
154
Combs that are used for thermal curling should be made of
Hard rubber
155
When creating base curls with full volume, the hair should be held with medium tension at a ____ angle
125 degree
156
The process of temporarily straightening extremely curly hair by means of a heated comb is called
Hair pressing
157
The hair type that is very resistant to hair pressing and requires more heat and pressure is
Wirey curly
158
A hard press is also known as a
Double comb press
159
Brushes with wide-spaced protective pins used on human hair extensions or to gently remove tangles from we wavy or dry curly hair are ____ brushes
Vent
160
The blow-dryer attachment that stretches and softened textured hair and loosens the curl pattern is a
Plastic pick nozzle
161
The braid made when two strands are twisted around each other is a
Rope braid
162
Natural, textured hair that is interwoven and meshed together to form a single or separate network of hair is called
Locks
163
The method of locking where portions of hair are placed between the palms of both hands and rolled in clockwise and counterclockwise direction is called a ____ roll
Palm
164
To satisfy the wig client, it is important to understand the clients
Motivation
165
The artificial hair covering that completely conceals the clients hair is a
Wig
166
A small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head is a
Hair piece
167
The most expensive wigs are those made of ____ hair
Human
168
Hair that is arranged so that the cuticles of all hair strands slope in the same direction is ____ hair
Turned
169
Human or artificial hair that is woven into long strips is called
Weft
170
The wig type recommended for a client with no hair or extremely thin hair is the ___ wig
Cap
171
A disadvantage of a human wig is the hairs reaction to
Humidity
172
The head shaped form used to secure a wig for cleaning, cutting, or coloring is a
Block
173
A small wig used by men to cover the top or crown of the head is a
Toupee
174
To change the natural wave pattern of hair, the side bonds in the ____ must be broken
Cortex
175
The term used to measure the hydrogen ions in a solution that determine its alkalinity or acidity is
Potential hydrogen
176
Chemical hair texturizes temporarily raise the pH of the hair in order to ___ and ___ the shaft
Soften and swell
177
A permanent wave that has been done properly alters only the ___ bonds
Side
178
The building blocks of proteins are
Amino acids
179
Chemical-based side bonds that are formed when two sulfur-type chains are joined together are ____ bonds
Disulfide
180
Hydrogen bonds that are easily broken by water or heat and then are re-formed when the hair is
Dried
181
Chemical services performed on overly porous hair require solutions that are
Low pH
182
In permanent waving, the shape and type of curl are determined by the shape and type of rod and the
Wrapping method
183
In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the ___ size
Rod
184
The wrapping technique that provides the most control over hair ends and keeps them evenly distributed over the entire length of the rod is the _______ wrap
Double flat
185
All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into
Panels
186
In permanent waving, panels of hair are divided into smaller subsections called
Base sections
187
The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head refers to the
Base directon
188
The two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are ____ and _____
Croquignole and spiral
189
The main active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves is
Ammonium thioglycolate
190
Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between
9.0-9.6
191
Waves that are activated from an outside heat source are called
Endothermic
192
The most common reducing agents found in thio-free waves are ____ or ____
Cysteamine or mercaptamine
193
Hair that has too many disulfide bonds broken and will not hold a firm curl is said to be
Over processed
194
The process of stopping the action of permanent waves and gardening the hair into its new form is
Neutralization
195
The two important functions performed during neutralization are _____ the solution and ____ disulfide bonds
Deactivate and rebuild
196
Partings and panels that radiate throughout curved areas of the head are used when performing a ___ perm wrap technique
Curvature
197
The double rod technique is also called a ____ wrap
Piggyback
198
Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called ____ relaxers
Lye
199
Relaxers that contain two components and must be mixed immediately prior to use are known as ________ relaxers
Sodium hydroxide
200
Relaxers are often marketed and sold as no-mix-no-lye relaxers are the _______ relaxers
Potassium hydroxide
201
Hydroxide relaxers that do not require the application of a protective base are called _____ relaxers
No base
202
The difference in the strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by the concentration of
Hydroxide
203
After applying a relaxer, periodic strand tests are performed to determine the
Processing time
204
The application when doing a chemical relaxer should be started in the most resistant area, usually the
Back of the head
205
The natural coloring pigment found in the cortex is
Melanin
206
Fine hair takes color faster and can look darker because the melanin granules are grouped
More tightly
207
When the cuticle of the hair is lifted and the hair is overly porous and absorbs color quickly, it is said to have ____ porosity
High
208
The predominant melanin that gives black and brown color to the hair is
Eumelanin
209
The pigment that lies under the natural hair color is known as the
Contributing or underlying pigment
210
Colors with a predominance of red are considered as ____ tones
Warm
211
Tones can be described as cool, warm, and
Neutral
212
In hair color, a blue base color will provide the ____ results and minimize the ____tones
Coolest , orange
213
Fundamental or pure colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture are known as the ____ colors
Primary
214
The primary color that provides the most depth or darkness is
Blue
215
Equal parts of red and blue mixed together always make
Violet
216
A color achieved by mixing equal parts of a secondary color and it’s neighboring primary color on the color wheel is a ____ color
Tertiary
217
As part of their composition, all permanent hair coloring products and lighteners contain both a developer and a/an
Alkalizing ingredient
218
Coloring products that have a coating action on the hair and last from shampoo to shampoo are _____colors
Temporary
219
Demipermanent colors are also known as ____ colors
Deposit-only
220
Natural, vegetable, and metallic hair colors are also known as _____ colors
Gradual
221
The measure of the potential oxidation of varying strengths of hydrogen peroxide is known as the
Volume
222
When less lightening is desired to enhance a clients natural hair color, the standard volume used with permanent hair color is ___ volume
20
223
Chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural pigment are hair
Lighteners
224
Hair coloring products that are used primarily on pre-lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors are
Toners
225
Before performing a coloring service with an aniline derivative product, the client must have a/an _____ also called a ____ and is performed
Patch test, predisposition test, behind ear or inner elbow
226
Painting lightener onto clean, styled hair is know as
Baliage
227
Lighteners that cannot be used directly on the scalp are
Powder
228
Lighteners that have a thicker consistency and give more control during scalp applications are ____ lighteners
Cream
229
An oxidizer added to hydrogen peroxide to increase its chemical action is a/an
Activator
230
The technique of coloring strands of the hair darker than the natural color is called
Low lighting
231
In the weaving technique, selected strands are picked up from a narrow section with a ____ motion
Zigzag
232
Specialized preparations designed to equalize porosity and deposit a base color in one application are
Fillers
233
Shampoo added to a remaining color formula to brighten hair color before rinsing is known as a ____ how long is it left on the hair
Soap cap, 3-5 minuets
234
The rays of the sun that cause sunburns and tanning and are known as the burning rays are the ___ and ___ rays
UVA, UVB
235
The pigment in the skin that is designed to help protect the skin from the suns UV rays is the
Melanin
236
To be effective, sunscreen used as protection to filter UVA and UVB rays should be rated as ___ or ____ spectrum
Full or broad
237
Distended capillaries caused by constant overdialation and weakening of the capillary walls are known as
Telangiectasis
238
Marks on the skin that could indicate injury or damage that change the structure of tissue or organs are known as
Lesions
239
A large primary lesion containing a watery fluid is a
Bulls
240
A spot or discoloration of the skin, neither raised nor sunken is a
Macule
241
A small circumscribed elevation of the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus is a
Papule
242
An abnormal cell mass is a
Tumor
243
Cracks in the skin such as chapped hands or lips are known as
Fissure
244
An inflamed pimple containing pus is a
Pustule
245
Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing is a
Crust
246
A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue is known as a
Keloid
247
An excessive thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily is known as a
Scale
248
A hair follicle filled with excessive keratin or sebum forms a
Comedo (blackhead)
249
Benign, keratin-filled cysts found under the epidermis that resemble small sesame seeds are
Milia
250
A skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands caused from retained secretions is
Acne
251
Acne, or common pimples, is also known as acne
Vulgaris
252
Inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by red, flaky skin in the scalp and hairline is
Seborrheic dermatitis
253
A dry. Scaly condition due to the absence of sebum, caused by old age and exposure to cold is called
Asteatosis
254
Sebaceous cysts or fatty tumors filled with sebum that range from the size of a pea to that of an orange are known as _____ also called a ____
Steatoma, wen
255
A contagious, recurring viral infection characterized by fever blisters or cold sores is
Herpes simplex
256
A non contagious skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales found on the scalp is
Psoriasis
257
Chemicals released by the immune system that flood tissues to dilute a skin irritant are
Histamines
258
The absence of melanin pigmentation of the body is known as
Albinism
259
The most common type of skin cancer caused by overexposure to the sun is
Basal call carcinoma
260
An open lesion of the skin is a/an
Ulcer
261
Dark, brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised may be a warning sign of
Malignant melanoma
262
The technical term that refers to the over growth of the hair on the body is
Hypertrichosis
263
The two major categories of hair removal are ____ and _____
Permanent and temporary
264
When tweezing, the skin should be held taut and hair pulled using a ___ motion, in the ____ of the hair growth
Quick, direction
265
Prior to application, the temperature of the heated wax should be tested how
On your wrist
266
Wax applied to an area should be removed using sterile ____ strips
Fabric
267
Skin that appears shiny or greasy from clogged, dead cells in the follicle is ___ skin
Oily
268
The difference between closed and open comedones is the size of the follicle opening or the
Ostium
269
Cosmetology professionals are only allowed to use products that remove dead skin from no deeper than the _____ layer of the skin
Stratum corneum
270
Exfoliating chemicals that dissolve or loosen dead-cell buildup are
Alfa hydroxy acids
271
Water-binding agents in moisturizers contain emollients or hydrators also known as
Humectants
272
Oil-absorbing masks that have exfoliating and astringent effects are ___ based
Clay
273
A thin, open-meshed cotton fabric that is used to hold a mask in place is
Gauze
274
The impact of a massage treatment depends upon the amount of pressure, direction of movement, and ___ of manipulations
Duration
275
The direction of movement in massage should always be from insertion of the muscle toward the ___ of the muscle
Origin
276
Every massage should begin and end with the ____ movement
Effleurage
277
An applicator used to direct electric current from a machine to the clients skin is a/an
Electrode
278
The therapeutic use of oils in the skin care products that creates positive effects on the body, mind and spirit is called
Aromatherapy
279
Thick, heavy types of foundation that are used to hide dark circles, splotches, and other imperfections are called
Concealers
280
Eye shadow that is lighter than the clients skin tone is considered to be a
Highlighter
281
A cosmetic preparation used to darken, define, and thicken eyelashes is
Mascara
282
Vital to effective makeup applications is having a strong understanding of the ___ of ____
Theory of color
283
When determining skin color, you must first decide the skin
Level
284
To avoid the transfer of foundation onto a clients clothing, set the foundation using
Translucent powder
285
The ideal eyebrow shape is drawn in ___ lines
3
286
The surface of a healthy nail should be
Smooth and unspotted
287
A nail condition where blood clots form under the nail plate due to a small injury of the nail plate is
Bruised nail
288
Ridges running vertically down the natural nail plate are caused by
Uneven growth and age
289
Nails with a noticeably thin, white nail plate that are more flexible than normal nails are ___ nails
Eggshell
290
Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate that are the result of a major illness or injury are
Beaus lines
291
A condition that results from the cuticle splitting is ___ or ____
Hangnail or ag nail
292
Redness, pain, and swelling are signs of a/an
Infection
293
Minor damage to the matrix that produce a whitish discoloration or white spots on the nails is known as
Leukonychia
294
A dark band within the nail plate extending from the base to the free edge due to increased pigmentation is
Melanonychia
295
Split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges and a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate is
Onychorrhexis
296
A highly curved nail plate often called “folded nail” caused by injury to the matrix or may be inherited, is a/an ___
Plicatured
297
An abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate and is a result of damage to the eponychium or hyponychium is nail
Pterygium
298
Parasites that under some conditions may cause infections to the feet and hands are
Fungi
299
In the early stages, a typical bacterial infection in the nail plate can be identified as a _____-______ spot
Yellow-green
300
The naturally occurring skin bacterium that can grow out of control and cause nail infections, incorrectly referred to as mold is actually
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
301
Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail plate is
Onychia
302
The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is a sign of
Onycholysis
303
Tiny pits or severe toughness on the surface of the nail plate is an indication of nail
Psoriasis
304
A severe inflammation in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is a sign of
Pyogenic granuloma
305
Times pedis is the medical term used to describe
Athletes foot
306
Implements requiring disinfection should be placed in a covered container large enough for implements to be
Completely immersed
307
As a rule of thumb, the lower the grit on an abrasive nail file, the more
Aggressive
308
To bevel the nail, hold the nail board using a ___ angle
45
309
A mild abrasive that polishes fine scratches from the surface of the nail plate is
Pumice powder
310
A colorless polish applies to the natural nail to improve the adhesion of polish is _____ another use is
Base coat, prevent staining
311
Nail hardeners that are used for thin, weak nail plates is _____ hardener that also contains
Formaldehyde, keratin fibers
312
If you draw blood during a manicure, the implement should be
Clean and disinfected
313
Polish applied to prevent chipping and give the nails a glossy, finished appearance is
Top coat
314
The half moon at the base of the natural nail is called the
Lanula
315
When filling the toenail during a pedicure, the nails should be filed
Straight across and rounded corners
316
Toenail clippers that are the most effective have ____ points
Fine
317
Calluses on the feet should never be removed using a
Razor
318
A small scooper-shaped implement used to remove debris in nail folds and cuticle area is a
Curret
319
A rough surface that is used to shape or smooth or smooth the nail and remove the surface shine is an
Abrasive board
320
The term used to describe the degree of thickness of various bai adhesive is
Viscosity
321
Shallow depressions that serve as contact points for nail tips and the natural nails are called
Wells
322
To improve adhesion of nail tips to the natural nail plate, the nail must be
Dehydrated
323
The product that gives a nail wrap system it’s unique properties is the
Wrap resin
324
The technique used to apply nail tips is ____,____, and ____
Stop, rock, and hold
325
Acrylic nail enhancements are created by combining a ____ with a ____
Monomer liquid and polymer powder
326
Polymer powder is made using a special chemical reaction called
Polymerization
327
The initiator added to polymer powder to start the chain reaction of curing the nail enhancement is
Benzoyl peroxide
328
Special containers used to hold monomer and powder are called
Daffin dishes
329
The best brushes to use with acrylic products are
Sable hair
330
Placing enhancements too close to the skin may cause
Lifting
331
In general, odorless acrylics must be used with a ____ mix ratio
Dry
332
Although they are not traditionally thought of this way, nail enhancements based on UV curing chemistry are
Acrylics
333
Newer gel systems contain
Urethane methacylates
334
The two types of nail coatings are _____ and ____
Chemical and physical reactions
335
The types of tissues used for mending are ___,____,____,____
Fiber glass, silk, linen, and paper
336
Talking about yourself and others at work in the salon is
Personally counterproductive
337
Prioritizing, means making a list of tasks to be completed in the order of ___ to ____
Most to least important
338
A well thought-out process for career success is
Self-management
339
To stay on tract with established goals, it is important to remember to ___ goals often
Reexamine
340
The principles that include
Good character, proper conduct, moral judgement, and human relations
341
Daily maintenance and cleanliness through personal sanitary practices is known as
Personal hygenie
342
Describe cumulative motion:
| What can be done to prevent it:
Relative motions, stretch often and take breaks
343
The ability to understand people is key to operating effectively and central to success and ____ service
Customer
344
An important aspect of human relations and reflective listening is to ___ less and ____ more
Talk, listen
345
Define reflective listening
Repeating in your own words what the client said
346
When handling a schedule conflict with a client, it is recommended to
Never argue and be polite
347
When dealing with difficult or unhappy clients, the best approach to use is to be ___ and ___
Honest and tactful
348
When handling a conflict or problem with a coworker, it is best revolved ___ and ___
Directly and privately
349
Blood spill procedure:
1. Stop the service
2. Clean the injured area with an antiseptic
3. Bandage the cut with an adhesive bandage
4. Cover the injury with a glove or finger cot
5. Clean and disinfectant implements and workstation with a hospital grade disinfectant labeled as effective against HIV/HBV or Tuberculocidal
6. Double bag all blood soiled materials and place in RED biohazard container located in the exam room
7. Return to service
