Junior Final Flashcards
The small minority of harmful bacteria that invade plant or animal tissues are considered
Pathogenic
Plus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads are the _____, they cause _____
Streptococci, blood poisoning
Round-shaped pathogenic bacteria that appear singly or in groups are
Cocci
The active stage and inactive or spore-forming stage of bacteria are referred to as the
Life cycle of bacteria
The division process where bacteria divide into two new cells is
Mitosis
Body tissues being invaded by disease-causing or pathogenic bacteria result in an
Infection
Nonpathogenic bacteria are
Harmless
A disease that spreads from one person to another by contact is said to be
Communicable disease
Organisms that live in or on another living organisms and draw their nourishment from the host organism giving nothing in return are
Parasites
Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids are called
Blood borne pathogens
The skin disease that is caused by an infestation of head lice is called
Pediculosis capitis
The type of immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease or through vaccination is
Acquired immunity
The level of protection required by the salon to kill most organisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, is
Disinfection
Substances used to destroy bacteria and viruses on surfaces such as implements and combs are
Disinfectants
The cells of all living things are composed of a substance called
Protoplasm
The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is the
Nucleus
The bone that forms the forehead is the
Frontal bone
A collection of similar cells that perform a specific function is a
Tissue
Tissue that carries blood, lymph, food and hormones throughout the body is
Connective tissue
The cranium is made up of how many bones
8
The largest and strongest bone of the face that forms the lower jaw is the
Mandible
The bones that form the sides of the head behind the ear region are
Parietal
The heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee is
Femur
The study of structure, function, and diseases of the muscles are called
Myology
The three parts of the muscles are the ____, _____ and _____
Origin, belly, and insertion
The ring muscle of the eye socket that enables you to close your eyes as when blinking is the
Orbicularis oculi
The muscle that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically is the
Corrugator muscle
The muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper rand middle region of the back and rotates and controls swinging movement of the arms is the
Trapezius
Muscles that are involved with the bending of the wrist are the ____ the muscles that straighten the wrist are _____
Flexors, extensors
The scientific study of structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system is known as
Neurology
The chief motor nerve of the face is the
Seventh cranial or facial nerve
Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic and are located closer to the skin surface are ____, they carry ____ blood
Veins, pure
Structures that allow the blood to flow in one direction only are
Valves
The coloring matter of blood is the
Hemoglobin
The main source of blood supply to the head, neck, and face are the
Common carotid arteries
Continued pressure on any part of the skin causes it to thicken and develop into a/an
Callus
The epidermis layer of the skin is also known as the
Cuticle later
The deepest layer of the epidermis, the nasal cell layer, is also known as the
Stratum germinativum
The stratum germinativum contains layers that produce a dark skin pigment called
Melanin
The layer of skin that we see and is treated by the practitioner is the
Stratum corneum
A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is
Keratin
The underlying or inner layer of the skin is called the ____. Or the ___ _____, _____ or ____ skin
Dermis, derma corium, Cutis or true skin
The two layers of the dermis are the _____ and _____
Papillary and reticular
The fatty layer found below the dermis is the _____ tissue also known as the _____ it contains __________
Subcutaneous, adipose, contains fat blood, arrector pilli
The layer of the dermis that houses the nerve endings that provide the body with the sense of touch is the _____ layer
Papillary
Form and strength are provided by
Collagen
Oil glands that are connected to hair follicles are also called ___ glands
Sebaceous
Retionic acid, or Retin-A, is a prescription cream used to treat
Acne
Name the 6 functions of the skin
Protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, secretion, and absorption
The nail is an appendage of the skin and is part of what system
Integumentary system
The water content of the natural nail directly affects the nails
Flexibility
The portion of living skin on which the nail plate sits is the
Nail bed
The part of the nail where the natural nail is formed is the
Matrix
The visible portion of the matrix that extends underneath the living skin is called the
Lunula
How many layers of nail cells are contained in the nail plate
100
The dead, colorless tissue attached to the nail plate that is responsible for preventing entry of foreign material and bacteria is the
Cuticle
The living skin at the base of the nail is the ______, Under the free-edge is the _____
Eponychium, hyponychium
The fibrous tissue that connect the nail bed and matrix to the underlying bone are the
Specialized ligaments
The portion of the natural nail plate that extends over the fingertip or toes is called the
Free-edge
Natural nails will continue to grow as long as the _____ remains healthy and undamaged
Matrix
The nail that grows the fastest is the _____, the slowest is the ____
Middle finger, thumb
The average rate of nail growth in an adult is
1/10 inch per month
Replacement of the natural nail takes about ___ to ____ months
4-6
The scientific study of hair is
Trichology
The part of the human hair that projects above the skin is the
Hair shaft
The thickened, clublike structure that forms the lower part of the hair root is the
Hair bulb
The fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells that contain melanin is the
Cortex
A temporary side bond that is broken by changes in pH is a _____ bond
Salt
The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is referred to as
Texture
The ability of the hair to absorb water or oil is
Porosity
Hair flowing in the same direction is known as a hair ____
Stream
The short, fine, downy hair that helps in the evaporation of perspiration is the ____ hair
Vellus
The technical term for grey hair is
Canities
Brittleness and the formation of modular swellings along the hair shaft is a condition called
Trichorrhexis nodosa
Itching scales and sometime painful circular lesions are caused by
Fungal organisms
An inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacteria is a
Carbuncle
Any substance that occupies space is considered to be
Matter
The difference between one element and another is the number of _____ it contains _____
Atoms, molecules
The chemical composition of two or more atoms of different elements produces a/an
Compound
A combination of two or more substances physically blended is a
Physical mixture
Liquids that can be mixed without separating easily are
Miscible
A stable suspension of one liquid or solid in another liquid, United with the aid of a binder is a/an
Emulsion
Substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products are
Alkanolamines
A common volatile organic compound that evaporates quickly and is used in hair spray is _____ alcohol
Ethyl
An atom that carries an electrical charge is a/an
Ion
A solution with a pH value of 7 indicates a ____ solution
Neutral
Another term that is used to describe an alkali is
Base
When oxygen is subtracted from a substance, the chemical reaction is called
Reduction
Electricity does not occupy space or have physical or chemical properties, it is however still a form of
Energy
A metal that is a particularly good conductor of electricity is
Copper
Rubber, silk, wood, and glass are common examples of
Insulators
The unit that measures pressure or force of the flow of electrons is a/an
Voltage
The term used to measure the strength of an electric current is a
Ampere
How much electricity is being used in one second is a/an
Watt
The indication of the negative or positive pole of an electric current is referred to as the
Polarity
The positive electrode is called the
Anode
The most commonly used modality is the
Galvanic current
The rays with the longest wavelengths that penetrate the deepest and produce more heat than visible light are the ____ rays
Infrared
A combination light of all visible rays of the spectrum is the ___ light
White
The element of hair design that defines form and space is
Line
Lines a constant distance apart in the same direction that are used to create width in a hair design are _____ lines
Horizontal
Curved lines repeating in opposite directions create a/an
Wave
The type of line used to make a hairstyle appear longer and narrower is a/an _____ line
Vertical
An example of a style using curved, parallel lines that create interest in a design is a
Finger wave style
Contrasting lines are horizontal and vertical lines that create a hard edge and form a ____ angle
90
The part of the overall design that the client will respond to first is the
Silhouette
The form or mass of a hairstyle may also be called
Volume
The are surrounding the form is
Space
To draw a line in a hairstyle in the direction you want the eye to travel, use a ____ color
Light
The comparative relationship in scale of one thing to another in hair design is called
Proportion
Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry in a design is called
Balance
The hair design where both sides of a hairstyle form a mirror image of each other is known as ____ balance
Symmetrical
The regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design is the
Rhythm
The principle of hair design that holds all the elements of design together is
Harmony
The facial shape that is considered to be ideal is the ____ shaped
Oval
Water is the most abundant and important element on earth and is classified as a/an
Universal solvent
The treatment that passes water through a porous substance, such as charcoal or a filter, to be purified is known as
Filtration
Shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair are______ shampoos
PH balanced
Shampoos containing acidic ingredients that cut through product buildup on the hair shaft are _____ shampoos
Clarifying
Shampoos containing special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing excessive dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions are ____ shampoos
Medicated
Substances that absorb moisture and promote the retention of moisture are known as
Humectants
Shampoos that are created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called
Color enhancing
Surfaces on the head where the head changes, such as the ears, jawline, and occipital bone, are referred to as
Reference points
Reference points in a haircut are used to establish ____ lines
Design
The location of the four corners signals a change in the ____ shape
Head
Hair the grows below the parietal ridge, or crest, hangs because of
Gravity
The space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point is a/an
Angle
A line is a thin continuous mark used as a/an
Guide
Horizontal lines are used to create one-length and low-elevation cuts and build
Weight
The straight lines used to remove weight and create graduated or layered haircuts are
Vertical lines
An important element in creating a strong foundation and consistency in haircutting and creating shapes is the use of
Angles
The uniform working areas used for control during haircutting are called
Sections
The growth pattern is the direction in which hair grows from the scalp is also called the
Natural falling position
The thickness or diameter of each hair strand is referred to as
Texture
Shears that are designed to remove more hair, with larger teeth set farther apart, are ____ shears
Notching
The comb used for close tapers on the bake and sides and when using a scissor-over-comb technique is a ____ comb
Barber
When performing a haircut, the wide teeth of the comb are used to _____ and ____ the hair
Comb and part
Haircuts that generally have less weight than graduated haircuts are ____ cuts
Layered
A basic haircut where the hair is cut at a 180 degree angle is the ______ cut
Long layered cut
