KA1 U1

Question 1

What is a somatic cell?

Answer 1

• A somatic cell is any cell in the body other than that involved in reproduction.

Question 2

Why and when do Somatic cells divide?

Answer 2

•Somatic cells divide during growth and repair, to form more somatic cells.

Question 3

During what process does the nucleus of the somatic cells divide and why

Answer 3

•During cell division the nucleus of a somatic cells divide divides by mitosis to maintain the diploid chromosome number

Question 4

Germline cells

Answer 4

•Germline cells are gametes and the stem cells that divide to form gamets

Question 5

Examples of Germline cells

Answer 5

•sperm and ova

Question 6

What can Germline stem cells divide by

Answer 6

•Mitosis and meiosis.

Question 7

Germline with mitosis

Answer 7

•The nucleus of a Germline stem cell can divide by mitosis to produce more Germline stem cells

Question 8

What are produced from mitosis with Germline stem cells

Answer 8

•identical Germline stem fells are produced

Question 9

What do diploid cells have 23 pairs of?

Answer 9

•Chromosomes

Question 10

Germline stem cells dividing by meiosis

Answer 10

•The nucleus of a Germline stem cell can also divide by another type of cell division called meiosis to produce haploid gametes

Question 11

Haploid gametes produced csn be genetically what?

Answer 11

•Genetically different

Question 12

Haploid gamete have how many single chromosomes

Answer 12

23 single chromosomes

Question 13

The nucleus of the Germline cell can under what 2 divisions

Answer 13

•homologous chromosomes are separated

• chromatids separated / pulled apart

Question 14

Cellular differentiation is

Hint= cell expression

Answer 14

The process where a cell expresses certain genes to produce proteins characteristics for that type of cell

(Certain genes are switched on and others are switched off)

Question 16

And example of differentiation

Answer 16

A red blood cell would express the gene to produce haemoglobin to transport and carry oxygen around the body

Question 17

Stem cells are unspecialised cells that can

Answer 17

• self renew by making copies of itself with mitosis

•differentiate - become specialised

Question 18

Types of stem cells

Answer 18

•Embryonic
•Tissue stem cells

Question 19

Embroying abilities

Answer 19

•Found in very early embryo (blastocyst)
•All genes can be switched on
•this means cell can differentiate into any type of cell
•This is pluripotent

Question 20

Tissue stem cells are involved in

Answer 20

•Growth and repair, and renewal of cells found in that tissue

•they are multiponent - meaning they can only differentiate into a cell found in that tissueb

Question 21

Stem cells Therpatic uses

Answer 21

•repair of damaged or diseased organs or tissue

Eg = regeneration of damaged skin, corneal repair

Question 22

Research uses of stem cell

Answer 22

•drug testing
•study how disease develops

Question 23

Stem cells can provide what info on cells

Answer 23

•How they process such as cell growth
•differentiate
•gene work

Question 24

Cancer cells

Answer 24

•have certain characteristics that make them different from normal cells

•they continue to excessively divide as they don’t respond to regulatory signals

•this uncontrolled cell division results in a mass of abnormal cells called a rumour

Question 25

Secondary tumours

Answer 25

• cells within a tumour may fail to attach, spreading through the body where they form secondary tumours