Kap 13. Autism and Developmental disorders Flashcards
When is autism usually diagnosed?
with 3-4 years
What is the prevalence of autism and are there gender differences?
0,6-0,7% men get the diagnosis around 4 times as often
When do first signs of autism show up?
When are they definitely there?
between 12 and 18 months
Definitively before 2 years
What are factors that can explain autism?
Around 50% is environmental
An old Mother
Low birth weight
Valproat exposure
What are the main traits of autistism?
reciprocal social interactions
communication
restricted, inflexible and repetitive behaviors and interests
What is masking?
When problems might be compensated with very exceptional effort
What are reciprocal social interactions people with autism might have problems with?
Non-verbal cues: Eye contact, gestures, facial expressions, body language
Social awareness: leading to inappropriate behavior
Others emotions: imagining others feelings, emotional states and attitudes
Social relations: making and sustaining typical peer relationships
What are the types of autism?
- Intellect, Language
- Impaired intellect, Language
- Intellect, impaired Language
- Impaired intellect, impaired Language
- Impaired intellect, No Language
What is needed for diagnosing Autism?
Deficits with social communication and reciprocal interaction
restricted, repetitive, inflexible behavior and interests
Onset in early childhood, Symptoms when demands exceed capacities
Symptoms cause issues with family, friends, occupation, education, …
What is Rett syndrome?
around 7-24 Months, (partial) loss of speech and motor abilities and characteristic hand movements.
Caused by a random genetic mutation.
It is more common with girls
It is part of the Autism spectrum, but is its own diagnosis in the ICD-11
What is the percentage of people with autism that qualify for a developmental disability?
1%
What is the percentage of autistic people who have an IQ over 70?
around 66% or 2/3
What are usual first signs in autism?
Speech problems and/or delayed speech and communication
What is understood under “Reciprocal social interactions” that autistic people have issues with?
Non-verbal cues: Eye contact, gestures, facial expressions, body language
Initiating and sustaining social conversation
Social awareness
Imagining and responding to others feelings, emotional states and attitudes
MUTUAL sharing of interests
Making and sustaining peer relationships
What is needed for diagnosing a developmental disorder?
- Low functioning (the most important)
- IQ < 70 (±5)
- Under the age of 18 (exclusion dementia)
