Kapitel 5 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Set of rules by which the information contained in the nucleotide sequence of a gene and its corresponding RNA molecule is translated into the amino acid sequence in a protein.
genetic code
histone
One of a group of abundant highly conserved proteins around which DNA wraps to form nucleosomes - structures that represent the most fundamental level of chromatin packing.
complementary
Describes two molecular surfaces that fit together closely and form noncovalent bonds with each other. Examples include complementary base pairs - such as A and T - and the two complementary strands of a DNA molecule.
Describes two molecular surfaces that fit together closely and form noncovalent bonds with each other. Examples include complementary base pairs - such as A and T - and the two complementary strands of a DNA molecule.
complementary
replication origin
Nucleotide sequence at which DNA replication is initiated.
chromatin-remodeling complex
Enzyme (typically multisubunit) that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to alter the arrangement of nucleosomes in eukaryotic chromosomes - changing the accessibility of the underlying DNA to other proteins - including those involved in transcription.
gene
Unit of heredity containing the instructions that dictate the characteristics or phenotype of an organism; in molecular terms - a segment of DNA that directs the production of a protein or functional RNA molecule.
Unit of heredity containing the instructions that dictate the characteristics or phenotype of an organism; in molecular terms - a segment of DNA that directs the production of a protein or functional RNA molecule.
gene
Nucleotide sequence at which DNA replication is initiated.
replication origin
One of a group of abundant highly conserved proteins around which DNA wraps to form nucleosomes - structures that represent the most fundamental level of chromatin packing.
histone
double helix
The typical structure of a DNA molecule in which the two complementary polynucleotide strands are wound around each other with base-pairing between the strands.
gene expression
The process by which a gene makes a product that is useful to the cell or organism by directing the synthesis of a protein or an RNA molecule with a characteristic activity.
Highly condensed duplicated chromosome in which the two new chromosomes (also called sister chromatids) are still held together at the centromere. The structure chromosomes adopt during mitosis.
mitotic chromosome
centromere
Specialized DNA sequence that allows duplicated chromosomes to be separated during M phase; can be seen as the constricted region of a mitotic chromosome.
heterochromatin
Highly condensed region of an interphase chromosome; generally gene-poor and transcriptionally inactive. (See alsoeuchromatin.)
euchromatin
One of the two main states in which chromatin exists within an interphase cell. Prevalent in gene-rich areas - its less compact structure allows access for proteins involved in transcription. (See alsoheterochromatin.)
Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up the chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell.
chromatin
mitotic chromosome
Highly condensed duplicated chromosome in which the two new chromosomes (also called sister chromatids) are still held together at the centromere. The structure chromosomes adopt during mitosis.
State in which a eukaryotic chromosome exists when the cell is between divisions; more extended and transcriptionally active than mitotic chromosomes.
interphase chromosome
The orderly sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its contents and divides into two.
cell cycle
One of the two main states in which chromatin exists within an interphase cell. Prevalent in gene-rich areas - its less compact structure allows access for proteins involved in transcription. (See alsoheterochromatin.)
euchromatin
telomere
Repetitive nucleotide sequence that caps the ends of linear chromosomes. Counteracts the tendency of the chromosome otherwise to shorten with each round of replication.
Repetitive nucleotide sequence that caps the ends of linear chromosomes. Counteracts the tendency of the chromosome otherwise to shorten with each round of replication.
telomere
An ordered display of the full set of chromosomes of a cell arranged with respect to size - shape - and number.
karyotype
