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Flashcards in Karius Deck (17)
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1
Q

what are the two roles of prostacycline (aka PGI2) play in hemostasis

A

vasodilation

inhibition of platelets

2
Q

what two chemicals promote vasoconstriction and hemostasis

A

thromboxane A2 and serotonin

which comes from the vesicles inside the platelets

3
Q

what enzyme is required for production of thromboxane A2

A

COX1

4
Q

a patient is suffering from a bleeding disoder in which they bleed excessively because their platelets are unable to bind collagen, what factor is likely missing

A

vonwillebrond

provides the initial link between collagen and platelets

5
Q

what is required to activate protein C

A

thrombin binding thrombomodulin found on endothelial cell

6
Q

what would a person missing protein C have problems with

A

problem with breaking down clots because protein C inactivates factors VII and V

7
Q

what causes the dicrotic notch in the aortic pressure wave

A

aortic valve closure at the start of isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

8
Q

what occurs at the same time as isovolumetric contraction

A

mitral valve closure and first heart sound

9
Q

what event coincides with the second heart sound

A

aortic valve closure

10
Q

a left ventricle that is not very compliant will result in what heart sound

A

third or fourth

11
Q

a patient has an arterial blood pressure of 139/92

at what pressure does the aortic valve open

A

92 - has to exceed the diastolic

12
Q

why does atrial pressure increase during ventricular contraction

A

because both AV valve are closed but blood is returning from veins

13
Q

what causes the c wave in the venous pressure curve

A

isovolumetric contraction because the QRS complex occurs before (excitation precedes contraction)

14
Q

a cardiac muscle cell located in the septum of the heart where its phase 0 occurred at the very start of the QRS complex. where in the T wave does this cell repolarize

A

at the very end of the T wave

the first to depolarize is the last to repolarize

15
Q

why is it important that the first to depolarize is the last to repolarize

A

by keeping the first to depolarize refractory to the very end, we are less likely to experience a circus rhythm
which is a flutter or fibrillation

16
Q

what is the difference between AP of the first to depolarize vs the last to depolarize

A

the plataeu phase of the first to depolarize will be longer

a cell that depolarizes early will have along plateau while a cell that depolarizes late will have a short p

17
Q

under what conditions is hearing S3 normal?

A

kids, pregnant women (maybe) athletes with a thin body wall