Keough Chapter 3 - Exam 1

Question 1

Response variables; environment

Answer 1

Surroundings including physical space as well as occupants of the space

Question 2

What is culture?

Answer 2

Values ideas behaviors language traditions daily practice expectations and attitudes adhere to by certain group of people

Question 3

What is accessibility?

Answer 3

Removing barriers that prevent people with activity limits from the use of services products and information

Question 4

What is negotiable Bility?

Answer 4

Ability of person to interact with environment and independently use common features

Question 5

 What is universal design?

Answer 5

Design of products and environments to be usable by all people

Question 6

Three primary external forces #1 Fluid Forces

Answer 6

Occur in air or liquids

same principles apply to both and include Buoyancy, drag, lift

Increased velocity increases affects of lift and drag

Question 7

Three primary external forces #2 contact forces

Answer 7

Occurs when one object comes in contact with another object

example friction and normal reaction

Question 8

Three primary external forces #3Gravity

Answer 8

Measured as a weight of body through its COG

Question 9

buoyancy

Answer 9

Upward force equal to weight of displaced air or fluid

Question 10

Drag

Answer 10

Resistance to forward motion

Question 11

Lift

Answer 11

Change influid pressure caused by differences in Flovelocity around an object

Lift is vertical

Question 12

Normal reaction

Answer 12

Forces must be paired
must be opposite each other

Example action; child pulling down on bar, reaction; bar pulling up on child

Question 13

Friction

Answer 13

Force acting in opposite direction to desired movement

Can enhance or hinder movement

Question 14

Mass

Answer 14

Quantity of matter contained in an object

Question 15

WEIGHT

Answer 15

Amount of gravitational force exerted on a body or object

Question 16

Objects COG;

Answer 16

Point out which the mass of a body or object is evenly distributed

Question 17

Vertical line of gravity

Answer 17

Imaginary line that bisects body in Saggital plane beginning at head and continuing thru the COG

must fall between feet for balance/stability

Question 18

______ Is a vector quantity.

Answer 18

Force

Question 19

Force must have what?

Answer 19

Magnitude and direction

Question 20

Linear

Answer 20

Straight path

Question 21

Rotary

Answer 21

Occurs around an axis

Question 22

Point of application of force through COG…

Answer 22

Linear movement

Question 23

Point of application of force elsewhere…

Answer 23

Rotary movement

Question 24

Combinations of linear and rotary movements occur together for what?

Answer 24

Most functional human movements 

Question 25

Force couple

Answer 25

Two or more forces with similar magnitude but opposite or significant different direction of force example pushing and pulling a steering wheel

Question 26

Joint compression

Answer 26

Pushing together toward center of joint

Question 27

Joint distraction (traction)

Answer 27

Pulling apart or away from Center

Question 28

Pressure on body surfaces

Answer 28

Potentially serious problem easily lead to decubiti best to distribute pressure over white area

Question 29

1st law – law of inertia

Answer 29

Takes more energy to start moving then it takes to remain in motion Example: lap belt on wheelchair (stops force of forward motion)

Question 30

2nd law – law of acceleration

Answer 30

Takes more energy to move an object of larger mass than an object of lesser mass Example: easier to move smaller lighter weight person in wheelchair than to move heavier person

Question 31

Third law – law of action and reaction

Answer 31

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction Example: standing from soft chair is more difficult for weak client than stand from hard surface chair

Question 32

6 simple machines #1 Inclined Plane

Answer 32

Used for elevating objects

Question 33

6 simple machines #2 WheelAndAxle

Answer 33

Used to move things over a great distance | a circle object rotates around a shaft

Question 34

6 simple machines #3 Pulley

Answer 34

Changes direction of force | consist of a rope around a small wheel

Question 35

Six simple machines #4 screw

Answer 35

Used in construction type activities to hold things together

Question 36

Six simple machines #5Wedge

Answer 36

Use and construction type activities to separate or split objects apart

Question 37

Six simple machines #6Lever

Answer 37

Most significantly rated to practice of OT

Question 38

Simple machines cannot reduce amount of work required but they lessen ______

Answer 38

The force needed to perform task

Question 39

Lengthening the force arm makes…

Answer 39

Task EASIER

Question 40

Shortening the force arm makes…

Answer 40

The task more DIFFICULT

Question 41

Shortening the resistance arm makes…

Answer 41

The task EASIER

Question 42

Lengthening the resistance arm makes…

Answer 42

The task more DIFFICULT

Question 43

Classes of levers – first class

Answer 43

Axis is in the middle between force and resistance designed for balance Example: seesaw

Question 44

Classes of levers – second class

Answer 44

Axis is at one end, resistance in middle, force is at end opposite the axis Designed to enhance strength Example: wheelbarrow

Question 45

Classes of levers – third class

Answer 45

Force is between axis and resistance design to enhance speed and ROM most levers in human body are third class Example: baseball bat, a reacher

Question 46

Active insufficiency

Answer 46

Muscle cannot contract any further | May feel cramping sensation

Question 47

Passive insufficiency

Answer 47

Muscle cannot stretch any further yet it has not stretch the amount required for full ROM at all joints feel burning sensation

Question 48

Tenodesis

Answer 48

Allows increased grasp for weak client passive insufficiency of long digit flexor muscles can be observed by lack of complete finger extension

Question 49

Open chain

Answer 49

Distal segment freely movable usually indicates NWB status for extremity

Question 50

Closed chain

Answer 50

Distal segment stabilized or fixed used for stability usually indicates WB status

Question 51

If client has reduced balance and equilibrium reactions it would be beneficial…?

Answer 51

To begin with closed chain activities.

Question 52

As client progresses, _____________ can be incorporated to give mobility superimposed on stability?

Answer 52

Open chain activities

Question 53

Pack position

Answer 53

Refers to amount of surface area contact between bone ends at joint

Question 54

Close pack position

Answer 54

joint “closest” together optimum fit provides most stability

Question 55

Open pack position

Answer 55

Less contact area between joints surfaces less stable position more injuries occur in this position