Ketogenesis

Question 0

Three ketone bodies

Answer 0

Acetoacetic Acid
Acetone
Beta-HydroxyButyric Acid

Question 1

Biosynthesis of three ketone bodies

Answer 1

Ketogenesis

Question 2

Ketogenesis

Location

Answer 2

Mitochondrial fraction of the liver

Question 3

Ketogenesis

Substrate

Answer 3

Acetyl Coa

From beta oxydation

Question 4

Ketogenesis

Obligatory intermediate

Answer 4

HMG COA or pro Hydroxy Methyl Glutaryl CoA

Question 5

May dalawang pathways na kung saan ikaw ay may HMG CoA

Answer 5

Ketogenesis

Cholesterol biosynthesis

Question 6

Firstketone bodies na masisynthesized ay

Answer 6

Aceto acetic acid

Question 7

Reaction 1

Answer 7

2 Acetyl CoA to

Acetoacetyl CoA

Question 8

Reaction 1

Enzyme

Answer 8

Thiolase

Question 9

Reaction 2

Answer 9

Acetoacetyl CoA + Acetyl CoA to

3 Hydroxy 3 methyl CoA (HMG-CoA)

Question 10

Reaction 2

Enzyme

Answer 10

HMG CoA Synthetase

Question 11

Reaction 3

Answer 11

HMG CoA to

Acetoacetic Acid + Acetyl CoA

Question 12

Reaction 3

Enzyme

Answer 12

HMG CoA lyase

Question 13

Acetoacetic Acid to acetone

Reaction

Answer 13

Decarboxylation

Question 14

Acetoacetic Acid to acetone

Reaction process

Answer 14

CO2 goes out

CO2 from Carboxyl Group of Acetoacetic Acid

Question 15

Acetoacetic Acid to acetone

Reversible or Irreversible?

Answer 15

Irreversible

Question 16

Acetoacetic Acid to Beta Hydroxybutyric Acid

Enzyme

Answer 16

Beta hydroxybutyrate DH

Question 17

Acetoacetic Acid to Beta Hydroxybutyric Acid

Reaction

Answer 17

Reduction

Question 18

Acetoacetic Acid to Beta Hydroxybutyric Acid

Reducing agent

Answer 18

NADH

Question 19

Acetoacetic Acid to Beta Hydroxybutyric Acid

Reaction process

Answer 19

Acetoacetic Acid reduced

NAD as electron acceptor to NADH

Question 20

Acetoacetic Acid to Beta Hydroxybutyric Acid

Reversible or irreversible?

Answer 20

Reversible

Question 21

Happens when glucose metabolism is impaired

Ketone bodies and fatty acids used instead of glucose

Answer 21

Excessive ketogenesis

Question 22

Clinical conditions if with glucose impairment

Answer 22

Diabetes mellitus

Starvation

Question 23

Complication if you have diabetes mellitus or starvation

Answer 23

Metabolic Acidosis kasi depleted yung bicarbonate

Question 24

Oxidation of ketone bodies

Answer 24

Acetoacetic Acid + Succinyl CoA to | Acetoacetyl CoA + Succinic Acid

Question 25

Oxidation of ketone bodies Enzyme

Answer 25

Acetoacetate Succinyl CoA Transferase ( Thiophorase ) | Absent in the liver

Question 26

Oxidation of ketone bodies Enzymatic reaction

Answer 26

Transfer CoA from Succinyl to Acetoacetic Acid

Question 27

Acetoacetyl CoA to Acetyl CoA Enzyme

Answer 27

Ketothiolase

Question 28

Acetoacetyl CoA to Acetyl CoA Type of enzyme

Answer 28

Splitting enzyme

Question 29

Acetoacetyl CoA to Acetyl CoA Reaction process

Answer 29

Acetoacetyl CoA split to 2 acetyl CoA

Question 30

Regulation of ketogenesis

Answer 30

No allosteric enzyme | No regulatory step

Question 31

Other regulation of ketogenesis

Answer 31

Increase rate of lipolysis will increase fatty acids level Increase rate of beta oxidation will increae production of axetyl CoA More acetyl CoA shunted to ketogenic pathway, increase production of Ketone bodies