Key associations Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
actinic (solar) keratosis
A
precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
acute gastric ulcer associated with cns injury
A
cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric acid secretion)
3
Q
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon?
A
Crohns disease (skip lesions)
5
Q
aortic aneurysm, abdominal
A
atherosclerosis
6
Q
aortic anuerysm, ascending or arch
A
tertiary syphillis (syphilitic aortitis) vasa vasorum destruction
7
Q
aortic aneurysm, thoracic
A
marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
8
Q
aoritc dissection
A
hypertension
9
Q
atrophy of mamillary bodies
A
wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthamoplegia, and confusion)
10
Q
autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
sick cells disease (hemoglobin S)
11
Q
bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and stomach cancer
A
h pylori
12
Q
bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
strep pneumo
13
Q
bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group b strep / e coli (newborns)
s pneumo / n meningitidis (kids/teens)
14
Q
bilateral ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma
A
bernard-soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
15
Q
brain tumor (Adults)
A
supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
16
Q
brain tumor (child)
A
infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
17
Q
breast cancer
A
invasive ductal carcinoma
18
Q
breast mass
A
fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal)
19
Q
breast tumor (benign)
A
fibroadenoma
20
Q
cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A
rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
21
Q
cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial) - both sides of valve
22
Q
cardiac tumor (adults)
A
mets, myxoma (90% in left atrium; ball and valve)
23
Q
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
chiari II malformation
24
Q
chronic arrhythmia
A
atrial fibrillation (assoicated with high risk of emboli)
25
chornic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
26
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
27
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, with hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
28
congential conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
29
constrictive peridcarditis
TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
30
coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>Circumflex
31
cretinism
iodine deficiency / congenital hypothyroidism
32
Cushing's syndrome
iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
acth-secreting pituitary adenoma (cushing's disease)
paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
33
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetrology of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosus (one vessel)
34
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD; ASD; PDA
35
Death in CML
Blast crisis (>30% cells are blasts)
36
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
37
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
38
demyelinating disease in young women
ms
39
DIC
severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
40
diverticulum in pharynx
zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
41
dietary deficit
iron
42
esophageal cancer
squamous cell carcinoma (world wide); adenocarcinoma (US)
43
food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S aureus
| Bacillus cereus
44
glomerulonephritis (Adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
45
gynecologic malignancy
endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical cancer (most common worldwide)
46
heart murmur, congenital
mitral valve prolapse
47
heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
48
helminth infections (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides
49
hematoma - epidural
rupture of middle meningal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped) - like eye
50
hematoma -subdural
rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
51
hemochromatosis
multiple blood transufrions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in hear failure, "bronze diabetes" and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
52
hepatocelluar carcinoma
cirrhotic liver (associted with hep B and C and with alcoholism)
53
hereditary bleeding disorder
von willebrand disease
54
hereditary harmless jaundice
gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
55
HLA-B27
reactive arthritis
ankylosing spondlyitis
ulcerative colitis
psoriatic arthritis
56
HLA-DR3
DM1
SLE
Graves
hashimotos thyroiditis
57
HLA-DR4
DM1,
| RA
58
Holosystolic murmur
VSD,
Tricuspid regurgitiation
mitral regurgitiation
59
hypercoagulability
endothelial damage
blood stasis
virchow traid (increased risk of thrombosis)
60
hypertension, secondary
renal disease
61
hypoparathyroiddism
accidentail excision during thyroidectomy
62
hypopituitarism
pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
63
infection secondary to blood transfusion
hep c
64
infection in chronic granulmoatous disease
s aureus
e coli
aspergillus (calatase (+))
65
intellectual disability
down syndrome, fragile x syndrome
66
kidney stones
calcium = radiopaque
struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease (+) organisms such as klebsiella, proteus species, and s saprophyticus)
uric acid = radiolucent
67
late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right become right to left)
eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension, polycythemia)
68
liver disease
alcoholic cirrhosis
69
lysosomal storage disase
gaucher
70
male cancer
prostate
71
malignancy associated wtih noninfectious fever
hodgkin lymphoma
72
malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
73
mets to bone
prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
74
mets to brain
lung > breast > gu > melanoma > gi
75
mets to liver
colon >> stomach, pancreas
76
mitochondrial inheritance
disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
77
mitral valve stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
78
mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
als
79
myocarditis
coxsackie b
80
nephrotic syndrome (adults)
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
81
nephrotic syndrome (kids)
minimal change disease
82
nosocomial pneumonia
s. aureus, pseudomonas, other enteric gram negative rods
83
neuron migration failure
Kallman syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
84
obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
85
Opening snap
mitral stenosis
86
opporutnistic infection in aids
pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
87
osteomyelitis
s aureus (most common overall)
88
osteomyleitis in sickle cell disease
salmonella
89
osteomyletitis with iv drug users
pseudomonas, candida, s. aureaus
90
ovarian tumor (benign bilateral)
serous cystadenoma
91
ovarian tumor (malignant)
serous cystadenocarcinoma
92
pacreatitis (acute)
gallstones and alcohol
93
pancreastitis (chornic)
alcohol (adults) cystic fibosis (kids)
94
patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child;
CLL: adult>60
AML: adult around 65
CML: adult 45-85
95
pelvic inflammatory disease
C trachomatis
| N gonorrhoeae
96
Philadelphia chromosome t(9:22) BCR-ABL
CML (may sometimes be associated with all/aml)
97
pituitary tumor
prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
98
primary amenorrhea
turner syndrome (45xo)
99
primary bone tumor (adults)
multiple myeloma
100
primary hyperaldosteronism
adenoma of adrenal cortex
101
primary hyperparathyroidism
adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
102
primary liver cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromastosis, alpha-1-antityrpisn deficiency, Wilson disease)
103
pulmonary hypertension
COPD
104
Recurrent inflammation / thrombosis of small medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco) so stop fucking smoking
105
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel Lindau and cigerette smoking, paraneoplasic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, acth)
106
Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
cor pulmonale
107
S3 hear sound
increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g. mitral regurg, HF) common in dilated ventricles
108
S4 heart sound
stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
109
secondary hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
110
std
c trachomatis (usually coninfected with n gonorrhoeae)
111
SIADH
small cell lung cancer
112
site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
113
sites of atherosclerosis
abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
114
stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
115
stomach ulceration and high gastrin level
zollinger ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
116
t(14;18)
follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)
117
t(8:14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)
118
t(9;22)
philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
119
temporal arteritis
risk of ipsilateral blindenss due to occulsion of ophthlalmic artery, polymyalgia rheumatica
120
testicular tumor
seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
121
thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
122
tumore in women
leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
123
tumor of infancy
strawberry hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
124
tumor of the adrenal medulla (Adults)
pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
125
tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
neuroblastoma (malignant)
126
type of hodgkin lymphoma
nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
127
type of non-hodgkin lymphoma
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
128
UTI
```
e coli
s saprophyticus (young women)
```
129
verterbral compression fracture
osteoporosis (type i: postmenopausal women)
| type ii: elderly man or woman
130
viral encephalitis
HSV1
131
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (preggo - body store only 3 month supply - prevents neural tube defects)
132
You know that berry anuerysms are associated with Ehler's Danlos - what other condition are they commonly associated with
ADPKD - and Ehler's Danlos have this in common
133
Xanthochromia or gross blood in lumbar puncture might tell you what?
If they have a severe headache - then Subarachnoid hemorrhage - find this in csf
134
recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage
cerebral amyloid angiopathy - old people - yield focal neuro deficits
135
charcot bouchard aneurysms
occur in people with long standing hypertension - found in arterioles that supply the basal ganglia - internal capsule - deep white matter - intracerebebral hemorrhage
