Micro-bacteria Flashcards by c k

Common catalase positive organisms

Cats Need PLACESS to hide
Norcadia
Pseudomonas
Listeria 
Aspergillus
Candida
E Coli
Staph Aureus 
Serratia 
Children increased risk :( if have CGD -

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Encapsulated bacteria

SHiNE SKiS
Strep pneumo
Heaemohpilus Influenzae
Neisseria Gonorrhea
E Coli
Salmonella 
Klebsiella 
Strep (group B)
Children increased risk :( if Splenectomy

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Jones Criteria for Acute Rheumatic fever - remember most frequent culprit is GAS

Joints - polyarthritis
O - carditis (o looks like heart)
Nodules (subcutaneous)
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea

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Spore forming bacteria (give me 7)

Bacillus anthracis - anthrax
Bacillus cereus - food poisoning
Clostridium botulinum - botulism - flaccid
Clostridium difficile - colitis (ab associated)
Clostridium perfringens - gas gangrene
Clostridium tetani - tetanus - spastic
Coxiella burnetti - Q fever

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If you see black colonies of cystine tellulite agar, what is your biggest concern

diphtheria

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Lamivudine

nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor against AIDS and HepB

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Penicillin-R

Beta lactamase, ESBL
Mutated PBP
Mutated porin protein

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Vancomycin-R

Mutated peptidoglycan cell wall

Impaired influx / increased efflux

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Quinolone-R

Mutated DNA gyrase

Impaired influx / increased efflux

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Aminoglycoside resistance

AG modifying enzymes
Mutated ribosome subunit
mutated porin protein

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Tetracycline - R

Impaired influx / increased Efflux

inactivated enzyme

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Rifampin-R

mutated RNA polymerase

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If bug has ESBL (extended spectrum beta lactamase) - i.e. cant use penicillins, cephalosporins, or monobactams what do you use?

carbapenems

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How do I distinguish between E Coli and Enterobacter cloacae, which are both gram negative, lactose fermenting rods?

Indole test
E Coli is able to convert tryptophan to indole
Enterobacter cloacae is not

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Ringing in ears after starting new antibiotic - what would you think she might be taking? - hint - also nephrotoxic

Aminoglycosides - toxicity

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nevirapine

efavirenze

NNRTIs

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NNRTIs (nevirapine, efavirenze) toxicity

hepatotoxicty

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Cryptococcus

morph

yeas form only; round encapsulated cells with narrow based bused

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cryptococcus - virulence

thick polysaccharide capsule

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cryptococcus epidemiology

opportunisitic
respiratory
pigeon droppings

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cryptococcus infection

lung - primary
most common - meningoencephalitis
can disseminate

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cryptococcus

diagnosis

india ink CSF
latex agglutination CSF
culture (sabouraud’s)
methenamine (GMS)

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Cryptococcus treatment

Amp B and flucytosine (acute meningitis)

fluconazole for prophylaxis

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Nonseptate hyphae and branch at wide angles -

Mucor and Rhizopus - tend to cause infection of the paranasal sinuses in immunosuppressed - mucormycosis - but I think can spread to brain? - check into this

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germ-tubes (at 37)

candida albicans

CMV related complications for vertical transmission? (greatest risk if infected first tri)

chorioretinitis, sensorineural deafness, seizures, jaundice, heaptomegaly, splenomegaly, microcephaly

Burn victim??? think

pseudomonas - treat with cefepime?

Drug of choice against pneumocystis jiroveci?

TMP/SMX

Doxycycline popular for

tickborne rickettsial and lyme disease

Drug of choice against Toxoplasmosis

TMP/SMX

Broad based buds

Blastomyces (dermatophyte)

Septate 45degree

Aspergillus

Oval yeast with narrow buds

Candida albicans

Spherules (round capsules with endospores) in tissue culture

cocciodes immitis

Round variable sized yeast with narrow based buds -

Cryptococcus neoforms - india ink stain | thick polysaccharide capsule

Small intercellular dimporphic fungus

Histoplasma - South central and eastern US

Broad ribbon hyphae

Rhizopus | Mucor

FTA-ABS

Treponemal antibody test for T. pallidum - patients serum is mixed with T. pallidum (syphillis)

most common cause of gram negative endocarditis

Q - fever via Coxiella burnetti

Spaghetti and meatballs fungus

Malassezia (pityrosporum) yeast-like fungus that degrade lipids and produce acids that damage melanocytes leading to tinea-vesicolor - selenium sulfide

Opportunistic fungus that can cause hepatocellular carncinoma?

Aspergillus via aflatoxic spores | remember 45 degree septate hyphae

DKA fungus :)

Mucor and Rhizopus

Diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities

Pneumocystis jerovecii

Why is the treatment for pneumocystis jerovecii unqique?

most of the time we seem to give people AmpB for systemic opportunist - but we apparently give this organism TMP/SMX

Rose gardnerer

Sprotrix schenkii - pustule ulcer

Treatment for sporothrix schenkii

Potassium iodide or itraconazole POTs are where roses are potted - potassium Itraconazole just remember ;:)

Guillain Barre bug?

Campylobacter

Guillain Barre presentation

ascending paralysis after diarrhea - like 2-3 weeks

Ring enhancing brain lesion in aids patient?

Toxoplasmosis - treat with Pyramethamine sulfadiazine

Gram positive rod with tumbling motility

listeria - facultative intracellular

Biliary tract disease / Cholangiocarcinoma | parasite

clonorchis sinensis - undercood fish - trematode

Brain cyst / seizures - parasite

taenia solium - cystiercercosis ingestion of eggs not encysted larvae - albendazole for neuro

hematuria / squamous bladder cell cancer

schistosoma haemotaboium | praziquantel

liver (hydatid cysts)

echinococcus - albendazole

microcytic anemia - parasite?

ancylostoma, necator - hookworms | albendazole

myalgias / periorbital edema - parasite?

trichenlla spiralis - trichinosis = bendazole

perianal pruritus - parasite?

eterobius - bendazole

portal hypertension - parasite?

schistosoma mansoni or japonicum - praziquantel

Vit B 12 deficiency - parasite?

Diphyllobothrium latum - fish tapeworm - praziquantel

Common intracellular bacteria (8)

``` Chlamydia Legionella Listeria monocytogenes Mycobacterium Neisseria meningitidis Nocardia Rickettsia Salmonella typhi ```

Common intracellular fungi (2)

Histoplasma capsulatum | Pneumocystis jirovecii

Common intracellular protozoa (2)

Plasmodium | Toxoplasma gondii

Listerolysin - o

listeria pore forming toxin used to excape lysosome

Predisposition to neisseria

c5b-c9 Deficiency

Transfer of enteric pathogen from domestic animals to humans - which one?

campylobacter

Cold agglutitinin pneumonia?

Mycoplasma - higher titer of IgM

DKA with eschar in nose

Mucor!!!!

Ecthyma granulosum - skin patches with necrotic cetners - strongly associated wtih

Pseudomonas

Patient has pneumonia with hyponatremia and diarrhea | propensity for smokers

think legionella - which will show many neutrophils without organism on gram stain

Intracellular polyphosphate granules are characteristic of

corynebacter diphtheria - charachertistic intracellular finding?

Negative strand rna viruses (-)

``` Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication Arenavirus Bunyavirus Paramyxovirus Orthomyxovirus Filovirus Rhabdovirus ```

Paramyxovirus (4 to know)

measles mumps rsv parainfluenza

orthomyxoviruses

influenza

bunyavirus - most important

hantavirus

rhabdovirus

rabies

filovirus

ebola

bright red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa?

measles koplik spots

cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

3 cs of measles

Negri bodies - characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions

rabies

councilman bodies

eosinophilic apoptotic globules | frequently seen in hepatic failure from hep

bacillary angiomatosis

from bartonella henslae (cat scratch fever) - biopsy with neutrophilic inflammmation

owl eye

cmv

4 As of klebsiella

Alcoholic Aspiration Abscess in liver lungs diAbetics

what is unique about chlamydia?

they have 2 forms the elementary friends - invade via endocytosis the reticulate friends - multiply within :) fission elementary friends leave

Medically imporant cutaneous fungi (2)

dermatophytosis (tinea, onychomycoiss) | pityriasis versicolor

medically important subcutaneous fungus

sporotrichosis - the rose bud thing

medically important systemic fungi (3)

histoplasmosis coccidioidmycosis blastomycosis

medically important opporunistic fungi (4)

candida aspergillus mucor rhizopus

pityriasis versicolor - also called tinea versicolor - is characterized by hypopigmented and hyperpigmented erythematous macules or patches on the upper body... what causes it? how do we detect?

Malessezia | KOH - looks like spaghettic and meatballs

Blastomycosis is characterized by???

progressive pulmonary infection

Histoplamosis most commonly manifests ??

as a pulmonary disease

____ is characterized by well-defined erythematous plaques with satellite vesicels or warm putsules in moist crevices usually due to candida

intertrigo

frequent cause of tinea capitis and coporis?

microsporum

rhizopus causes mucomyosis - what is that?

invasive - necortic upper and lower respiratory infections in IMC

mold that cause nodular skin lesions

sporotrichosis

How could we distinguish sarcoid from TB with TB characteristics??? (2)

TB would show caseating granulomas (sarcoid shows non-caseating) TB would show acid fast bacilli - because those little mycobacterium tuberculosis would be there :(

gram stain for TB?

AF | shows rods

Micro-bacteria Flashcards

(97 cards)