Key Associations Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to SCC
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Age ranges for patient with: ALL CLL AML CML
A
ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60
AML: adult > 65
CML: adult 45-85
5
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm , abdominal
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
A
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis) Vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
Aortic dissection
A
Hypertension
10
Q
Atrophy of mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
11
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell disease (Hgb S)
12
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (eg adenocarcinoma, MALToma)
A
H pylori
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
S pneumonia
14
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborn and kinds)
A
Group B strep / E coli / Listeria monocytogenes (newborns)
S pneumonia / N meningitidis (kids/ teens)
15
Q
Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma
A
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
16
Q
Bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
17
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
18
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: crainiopharyngioma
19
Q
Breast cancer
A
invasive ductal carcinoma
20
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
21
Q
Breast tumor (benign, young woman)
A
Fibroadenoma
22
Q
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
23
Q
Cardiac manifestations of lupus
A
Marantic/ thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)
24
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball valve”)
25
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari 1 malformation
26
Chronic arrhythmia
A fib (associated with high risk of emboli)
27
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
28
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world), idiopathic, viral illness (developing world)
33
Cretinism
Iodine deficiency / congenital hypothyroidism
34
Cushing syndrome
Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
Paraneoplastic (Due to aCTH secretion by tumors)
35
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, trunks arteriosus
36
Death in CML
Blast crisis
37
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
38
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
39
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
40
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL
41
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
42
Ejection click
Aortic stenosis
43
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
44
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S aureus, B cereus
45
Gastric cancer
Adenocarcinoma
46
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
47
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common world wide)
48
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
49
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever)
| Tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
50
Helminth infection (US)
Ascaris lumbricoides
51
Epidural hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (Trauma; lentiform shaped)
52
Subdural hematoma
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
53
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure; "bronze diabetes" and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
54
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
55
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
56
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
57
HLA-B27
Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)
58
HLA-DR3
Diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis (also associated with HLA-DR5), Addison disease
59
HLA-DR4
DM I, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison disease
60
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg
61
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (increased risk of thrombosis)
62
Hypertension, secondary
Renal artery stenosis
Chronic kidney disease (eg polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy)
Hyperaldosteronism
63
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision of parathyroid gland during thyroidectomy
64
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign)
65
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hep C
66
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S aureus, E coli, aspergillus (catalase +)
67
Intellectual disability
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
68
Kidney stones
Calcium = radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and S saprophyticus)
Uric acid = radiolucent
Cystine = radiolucent
69
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension / polycythemia)
70
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
71
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
72
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
73
Malignancy (kids)
Leukemia, brain tutors
74
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung, thyroid, kidney
75
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > prostate > melanoma > GI
76
Microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency
77
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
78
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
79
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
80
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
81
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
82
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Membranous nephropathy)
83
Neuron migration failure
Kallman syndrome (hypogondaotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia)
84
Nosocomial pneumonia
S aureus, pseudomonas, other enteric gram - rods
85
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
86
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
87
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecci pneumonia
88
Osteomyelitis
S aureus (most common overall)
89
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
90
Osteomyelitis in IV drug users
Pseudomonas, candida, s aureus
91
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
92
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
93
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
94
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
95
PID
C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae
96
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
97
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
98
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO or 45,XO/46XX mosaic)
99
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
100
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal hyperplasia or adenoma
101
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
102
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)
103
Pulmonary hypertension
Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg HF), lung disease (eg COPD), hypodermic vasoconstriction (eg OSA), thromboembolic (eg, PE)
104
Recurrent inflammation / thrombosis of small / medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (Strongly associated with tobacco)
105
Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastric levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1
106
Renal tumor
```
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking
Paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
```
107
Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
108
S3 heart sound
Increased ventricular filing pressure (eg mitral regurgitation, HR), common dilated ventricles
109
S4 heart sound
Stiff/ hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
110
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
111
Sexually transmitted disease
C trichromatic (usually connected with N gonorrhoea)
112
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
113
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
114
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
115
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)
116
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)
117
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
118
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
119
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), increased placental ALP
120
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)
121
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (Estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
122
Tumor in infancy
Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood)
123
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
124
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
125
Type of Hodgkin lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
126
Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
127
UTI
E coli, staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
128
Vertebral compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal woman; type 11: elderly man or woman)
129
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
130
Vitamin deficiency (USA)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
