Key Battles/Conflicts 7101-7103 Flashcards

Question

Germantown

Answer 1

Washington wanted a Trenton like action to take back momentum/narrative. Comes up with a complex plan – Greene late. Doesn't achieve surprise b/c of Tories. Wasted efforts at Chew House. Gen Stephen fired on other Am units. Men on American side stopped fighting. ○ Result: Loss for Americans, but showed themselves well. Had to leave before Brit rein from Philly arrive. Washington considers attacking Philly – Greene convinced him to not attack into Philly. "Greene understood that to attack Philadelphia was to walk into a death trap."

Answer 2

The British see potential to win in the South after frustrations in the North. They believe there are more loyalists in the South. - Need a base - Clinton initially faiils to take Charleston - Brits "get Savannah on the cheap" - When they attack Charleston again, they go 40 miles south - Rudd's view "This is the most perfect set piece amphibious operation to take place in North America...it deserves much more study...very masterful on part of Clinton." - rolls up Ft Johnson from landward Political pressure to defend Charleston - fear (valid) that South Carolina won't fight if Charleston is abandoned. 5600 Americans surrender (3rd highest behind Harper's Ferry & Philippines)

Answer 3

* Brits thought that if they got Charleston, they would secure NC too * Clinton adopts Southern Strategy ○ Re-take South Carolina, pacify Georgia, defeat/destroy rebel army * Washington not interested in the south * American perspective - "Lose Charleston...and all of SC & GA will be gone, with NC next in Clinton's cross hairs. Lose those three states, he added and the massive indebtedness of the US, as well as the cost for caring for hordes of Southern refugees, would have to be borne by the remaining 10 states...creeks & cherokees would likely take to war path..." Lincoln's perspective * Brits began focusing on using loyalists * 9000 loyalist tories serving in British Army in 1779-1780. At the same time, 18,700 men on rolls of continental army * Cornwallis & Clinton hated each other – Cornwallis asked Clinton to "not consult me" * Waxhaws Massacre / Tarleton's Quarter 436 * Greene – split army - imposing cost & making life hard for enemy ○ "compels my adversary to divide his, and holds him in doubt as to his own line of conduct...bold and daring plan, and one that was filled with colossal risk"

Answer 4

* Arnold invades VA. Jefferson narrowly escapes * 481 – Morgan planning for Cowpens – 3 lines. Skirmishers, Militia, Regulars. Militia fire 3 shots tehn fall back ○ 486, "Dear, good americans, have mercy on us! It has not been our fault, that we have SKIVERED so many (American Soldiers)" * Morgan beats Tarleton, but not strong enough to fight Cornwallis * Morgan & Greene move north to VAa * 492-3 Morgan & Greene cross the Dan River. Brits don't have boats to cross * Henry Lee -(Light Horce Harry Lee) beats Tories at Pyle's Massacre – makes loyalists not want to fight * Rochambeau tells de Grasse a note to bring the fleet to the Chesapeake, not to NYC * "Rochambeau was not alone in questioning Washington's judgment, not to mention his strategic acumen, given his intractable obsession with New Yrk. * 508 Cornwallis wants to go into Virginia after Guilford Courthouse * Greene goes to SC with 1300 vs. 8000 Brits in SC & GA – but they were all spread out. Greene could beat in detail * Cornwallis sought decisive victory – thought he could force it in VA. Clinton mad, but doesn't do anything. ○ Cornwallis planned to "dislodge" Lafayette from Richmond * Clinton thinks best chance for a decisive victory is in the battle for New York * Within 90 days after Greene entered South Carolina, every major British installation in the backcountry was in rebel hands. 517 * Greene confines British to only Savannah & Charleston

Answer 5

- Need a base - Clinton initially faiils to take Charleston - Brits "get Savannah on the cheap" - When they attack Charleston again, they go 40 miles south - Rudd's view "This is the most perfect set piece amphibious operation to take place in North America...it deserves much more study...very masterful on part of Clinton." - rolls up Ft Johnson from landward Political pressure to defend Charleston - fear (valid) that South Carolina won't fight if Charleston is abandoned. 5600 Americans surrender (3rd highest behind Harper's Ferry & Philippines)

Answer 6

Camden – Aug 16, 1780 ○ Gates appointed to lead in the south after Lincoln's surrencer at Charleston ○ Forms his 2 regiments of regulars on R flank, and the militia on left & center. Militia break almost immediately. De Kalb's regular regiments fight well, but flanked by Brit cavalry. 800 continentals killed and wounded, another 1000 captured. Gates fled to Charlotte during the battle.

Answer 7

Cowpens – Jan 17 1781 ○ Cornwallis's loss of Ferguson forced him to abort his invasion of NC and pull back to SC ○ Nathaniel Greene splits his force – half, under Daniel Morgan ○ Morgan turned to fight Tarleton who was pursuing him ▪ 3 lines – 1) skirmishing sharpshooters 2) Pickens' SC militia, 3) Continentals ▪ Expected (and communicated) 3 good volleys from militia ▪ Effective, simple plan. Well executed ○ Tarleton's force 300 killed, 525 captured

Answer 8

King's Mountain – Oct 7, 1780 ○ Gates thought GA & S Carolina now under control ○ Frontier raids were a threat ○ Brit Maj Ferguson went to suppress raiders with American loyalists ○ ~1000 Colonials beat Ferguson (who didn't dig in) at King's Mountain. 600 Tory / loyalist prisoners

Answer 9

Guilford Court House – March 15, 1781 ○ Cornwallis chases Morgan's army to avenge Cowpens. Morgan retreats north. ○ Cornwallis burns his wagons to travel faster ○ Morgan & Greene reunite on Feb 7 ○ 550 Continentals reinforce Greene – 4400 total ○ 3 lines – NC militia in field, engage & fall back. VA militia in woods, fall back. Continentals in final field. A lot of casualties for Brits

Answer 10

* Sept 28 – Allies march toward Yorktown from Williamsburg * Brit Def ○ 7 redoubts, 6 batteries * Sept 30 – Cornwallis abandons all redoubts except Fusiliers' and Redoubts 9 & 10 ○ Cornwallis' decision was based on Clinton's promise of 5k * Oct 5 – Clinton assembles 7k to ship to relief of Cornwallis * Oct 6 – preparations for the siege completed – first parallel begun * Oct 9 – bombardment begins * OCt 14 – Redoubts 9 & 10 * Oct 16 – Cornwallis tries to cross to Gloucester side by boat. Storm makes it impossible * Oct 17 – Surrender agreed to * Oct 18 – commissioners meet up * Oct 19 – Surrender papers signed ○ Prisoners: 7247 * Oct 19 – 7k relief force sails from NYC to Yorktown ○ Arrives off capes 24 Oct – had it left a week earlier, it might have made a difference

Answer 11

* "The people were tired of the war. Its long continuance had bred apathy as to its outcome." 879 * Washington wants to attack NY & Clinton's 14,500 defenders ○ Recon with Rochambeau July 21-24 – agree that an attack can't succeed * 21 Aug – Washington begins move south after measures to deceive / give appearance of siege of NYC. Force of about 2000 * Not until 2 September that Clinton has intel of southward movement – by that time they were ivo Philadelphia ○ 200 miles in 15 days (13.3 miles a day) 884 * Aug 30 – de Grasse arrives with 2 ships of the line & 6 frigates. - He enters Chesapeake bay before Adm Hood & Graves get tehre with 19 ships of the line & 7 frigates ○ French disembark

Answer 12

Split Colli & Beaulieu Piedmont surrenders Pursue Beaulieu - race & cross at Piacenza (turns Austrians - force withdraw) Pursue to Liptay / Mantua Wurmser attacks - splits around Lake Garda - Wurmser E of Garda, Quasdanovich W of Garda Concentrate on Quasdanovich - force withdraw North Wurmser wastes time going toward Mantua Concentrate & defeat Wurmser - Battle of Castiglione - Austrians withdraw Austrians advance again - end up at Mantua "By maintenance of the initiative, rapidity of maneuver, concentration of superior forces at the decisive place and time, and vigorous prosecution of the attack and pursuit, he had confounded and overwhelmed his less viable adversaries in Italy...."

Answer 13

The Battle of Ulm on 16–19 October 1805 was a series of skirmishes, at the end of the Ulm Campaign, which allowed Napoleon I to trap an entire Austrian army under the command of Karl Freiherr Mack von Leiberich with minimal losses and to force its surrender near Ulm.

Answer 14

The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt were fought on 14 October 1806 on the plateau west of the river Saale in today's Germany, between the forces of Napoleon I of France and Frederick William III of Prussia. The defeat suffered by the Prussian Army subjugated the Kingdom of Prussia to the French Empire until the Sixth Coalition was formed in 1813. It was at that time, around 1 p.m., that Napoleon decided to make the decisive move. He ordered his flanks to push hard and try to break through the Prussian flanks and encircle the main center army while the French center attempted to crush the Prussian centre. The attacks on the flanks proved to be a success. With its flanks broken, the Prussian army was forced to withdraw and Napoleon had won another battle. In total the Prussian army lost 10,000 men killed or wounded, had 15,000 prisoners of war taken as well as 150 guns.

Answer 15

- Clausewitz is writing for you - someone with experience and who is in uniform - Why does Napoleon go to Spain / Portugal - Portuguese are violating continental system - that's the pretext - - Path: Great Road - Bayonne - Vitoria - Burgos - Madrid - Brits arrive with 12k to provide backbone to resistance in Portugal - France "eases in" to Spain - pretext that they are mediating btwn Charles (Dad) & Ferdinand (Son) ○ Spanish respond negatively to Joseeph Bonaparte ○ Dupont (Div Cmdr @ Austerlitz) - loots, has a big baggge train - cut off by Spanish forces - capitualates ivo Bailen - French invincibility shattered - Napoleon brings in A-Team - Spanish Junta Plan - Napoleon Plan - Trap 2 wings of Spanish army - Blake escapes - In Spain army doesn't concentrate

Answer 16

By the winter of 1865, Fort Fisher guarded the last remaining open port for the Confederacy at Wilmington, North Carolina. Despite failing to take it in December of 1864, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant decided overtake the fort a second time and sent a Union force of nearly 9,000 men under the command of Maj. Gen. Alfred Terry and several ships under the command of Rear Admiral David D. Porter to take the fort and its 1,900 defenders. On the night of January 12, 1865, General Alfred Terry’s joint Navy and Army forces made it to the shores of Fort Fisher. For the next two days, Federal ships opened fire on the garrison, firing so frequently it was impossible fo the Confederate soldiers stationed inside to repair the damages to the fort. On January 15, the Union army attacked the fort with nearly 2,000 Marines and sailors. Although greatly outnumbered, the Southern soldiers clung tenaciously to their defenses. Meanwhile, Confederate Maj. Gen. William H. C. Whiting pleaded with Braxton Bragg for reinforcements. Bragg refused, not taking the situation at all seriously. Finally, after repeated pleas from Whiting, Bragg sent Alfred Colquitt to the fort with orders to relive Whiting.

Answer 17

- Mahan critical of Rozhestvensky - should have been focused on the battle, not on making it to Vladivostok ○ 279 "A fleet is half beaten already when it goes into battle with one eye upon something else than fighting…" ○ Transports - if beaten, they aren't needed. If defeat the Japanese, then you can call for them. Don't travel with them 281 "subordinating them (distractions) to the one thing needful, namely, to be ready to the utmost on the day of battle…" The final naval battle of the Russo-Japanese War, fought on 27–28 May 1905 in the Tsushima Strait. A devastating defeat for the Imperial Russian Navy, the battle was the only decisive engagement ever fought between modern steel battleship fleets and the first in which wireless telegraphy (radio) played a critically important role. The battle was described by Sir George Clarke as "by far the greatest and the most important naval event since Trafalgar". The Russians hoped to reach Vladivostok and establish naval control of the Far East in order to relieve the Imperial Russian Army in Manchuria. The Russian fleet had a large advantage in the number of battleships, but was overall older and slower than the Japanese fleet. All 11 Russian battleships were lost, out of which seven were sunk and four captured. The loss of almost every heavy warship of the Baltic Fleet forced Russia to sue for peace, and the Treaty of Portsmouth was signed in September 1905.

Answer 18

Involving 610,000 combat participants and 164,000 combatant casualties, it was the largest modern-era battle fought prior to WWI, and possibly the largest battle in world history at that point. The scale of the battle, particularly in the amount of ordnance being expended, was unprecedented in world history. In the following days Japanese forces proceeded to assault the right and left flanks of Russian forces surrounding Mukden, along a 50-mile (80 km) front. Approximately half a million men were involved in the fighting. Both sides were well entrenched and were backed by hundreds of artillery pieces. After days of harsh fighting, added pressure from the flanks forced both ends of the Russian defensive line to curve backwards. Seeing they were about to be encircled, the Russians began a general retreat, fighting a series of fierce rearguard actions, which soon deteriorated in the confusion and collapse of Russian forces. On 10 March 1905, after three weeks of fighting, General Kuropatkin decided to withdraw to the north of Mukden. The Russians suffered a estimated 90,000 casualties in the battle. The retreating Russian Manchurian Army formations disbanded as fighting units, but the Japanese failed to destroy them completely. The Japanese themselves had suffered heavy casualties and were in no condition to pursue. Although the Battle of Mukden was a major defeat for the Russians and was the most decisive land battle ever fought by the Japanese, the final victory still depended on the navy.

Answer 19

August 1, 1904 – January 2, 1905) was the longest and most violent land battle of the Russo-Japanese War. Port Arthur, the deep-water port and Russian naval base at the tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in Manchuria, had been widely regarded as one of the most strongly fortified positions in the world. General Stoessel withdrew to Port Arthur on July 30, 1904. Facing the Russians was the Japanese Third Army, about 150,000 strong, backed by 474 artillery guns, under the command of General Baron Nogi Maresuke. After the Battle of Liaoyang in late August, the northern Russian force that might have been able to relieve Port Arthur retreated to Mukden (Shenyang). Major General Anatoly Stessel, commander of the Port Arthur garrison, believed that the purpose of defending the city was lost after the fleet had been destroyed. In general, the Russian defenders were suffering disproportionate casualties each time the Japanese attacked. The siege of Port Arthur saw the introduction of much technology used in subsequent wars of the 20th century (particularly in World War I) including massive 28 cm howitzers that fired 217-kilogram (478-pound) shells with a range of 8 kilometers (5.0 miles), rapid-firing light howitzers, Maxim machine guns, bolt-action magazine rifles, barbed wire entanglements, electric fences, arc lamp, searchlights, tactical radio signalling (and, in response, the first military use of radio jamming), hand grenades, extensive trench warfare, and the use of modified naval mines as land weapons.

Answer 20

Though it was not immediately obvious in the dark and smoke, the Spanish fleet suffered severe damage in the early moments of the battle. The American fleet engaged as they thought the depth of the water would allow, first passing the Spanish position from west to east, and then countermarching east to west; a total of five passes along the two and a half mile course. At around 7:30 A.M., Commodore Dewey received an erroneous report that the ships were nearly out of ammunition. He decided to withdraw to assess the situation. To avoid having the Spanish realize his precarious position, Dewey signaled to the fleet that they were to break off the attack to allow the crew time for breakfast. Later, the American press would report this as an example of Dewey's calmness and confidence under fire. Soon it became clear that the report had been in error. Then the battle assessments began to be reported back to the Olympia. Surprisingly, no Americans had been killed by the Spanish shells. By 11:16 A.M.Dewey's fleet resumed the attack. It was clear to the Americans that the Spanish fleet was severely damaged, and they wasted little time in finishing it off. Only nine sailors were injured in the battle. T

Answer 21

- 250 - US had to maintain superior force at all times to blockade Santiago - hard to do & hurricane risk 252 - 251 - If we lost 10k men, they could be replaced, but if we lost a battleship it could not be replaced - 253 - Sampson unwilling to risk ships on mines - need an army to force ships out if they won't come out - 255 - need to preserve combat power for use where needed "It has been well said that Nelson took more care of his topgallant masts, in ordinary cruising, that he did of his whole fleet when the enemy was to be checked or beaten; and this combination of qualities apparently opposed is found in all strong military characters to the perfection of which both are necessary." Santiago Cervara's Spanish fleet in the Caribbean

Answer 22

"Critical Case" for Biddle's theory - All examples prior to St. Michael were successful defenses - Germans penetrated & had huge success because they focused/ concentrated their attack & the Brits had a low reserve % (21% vs. up to 50% later in war) - Shows how a modern offense (cover & concealment, combined arms integration, small unit independence) can defeat an old theory of defense (forward posture, "brittle", lacking depth)

Answer 23

Somme shows the learning / development of the British Army - importance of careful preparation, deliberateness, "bite & hold", The Battle of the Somme (1 July - 18 November 1916) was a joint operation between British and French forces intended to achieve a decisive victory over the Germans on the Western Front. For many in Britain, the resulting battle remains the most painful and infamous episode of the First World War.

Answer 24

○ 241-245 Plan - detailed, high firepower. Worked well. Arty was effective ○ 251 "The lesson for the 2nd Division was clear. The artillery support, and indeed the whole attacke, was well executied during the set-piece portion. But after an advance of 9km, communications and fire support began to break down. The successes as well as the failures reinforced the desire throughout the division to improve liaison within the division and to fight even more hihly coordinated, limited-objective, set-piece battles.

Answer 25

- 214 - Relatively unsupported attacks into Belleau Wood resulted in 1087 Marine Casualties… - 215 - Lejeune AAR critical of lack of support - 216 - Adapted & implemented huge prep fire with rolling barrage before next attack - 224 - bad at Belleau Wood vs. good planning at Vaux

Answer 26

○ 252 Lejeune made a deal - told French Cmdr Gouraud, "If you do not divide the second division, but put it in line asa unit on a narrow front, I am confident that it will be able to take Blanc Mont Ridge advance beyond it, and hold its position there." ○ 253 - Lejeune asks for an extra day of prep ○ 256 - Small % of men withheld from attacks to re-form the unit after anticipated losses ○ 257 - "Lejeune's order was a recognition that he wanted his infantry formations to be thin, that his attacks were based more on firepower than manpower, and that he needed to ensure the survival of some of his best men." ○ 260 - Lejeune essentially refusing to attack / Naulin demanding deep drive, Lejeune asking to ensure flanks were moved up and adequate arty support § "Not going to assign H-hour" - "standby for H-hour" "saving clause"

Answer 27

- Situation that led to involvement: President Guillaume Sam being dismembered "a fate not uncommon for Haitian leaders." - involved in Haiti 1915-1934 ○ Caco Leaders - Charlemagne, Batraville - TR corollary - (French had landed) - "Reestablish internal order and run elections - Small war vs. Cacos - 2000 Marines under Col Waller as 1st Provisional Brigade ○ Northern, Central, Southern Departments (page 81 map) ○ "Garrisoning troubled towns" - p. 74 - Measures used - 82 "Marines created the Gendarmerie under the State Department Policy…" ○ Capt Smedley Butler commanded Gendarmerie d'Haiti - 112 officers, 2500 enlistees - Captured Fort Riviere 86 - Lessons from Haiti - p. 91 ○ Military - "Marines had to learn most of th3e operational measures that helped them defeat the Cacos despite the fact that their manuals covered some of the key measures used…recon patrols, column operations - then small comabt patrols (more effective). Night movement not resorted to until after a while, but it was in Landing Force Manual ○ 2 Gazette Articles published - p. 96

Answer 28

- May 1916-1921 - overlapped with Haiti, but not simultaneous - 2nd Provisional Brigade formed Santo Domingo - under Col Joseph Pendleton - Mission "Protect American lives and property as well as to support the legitimate president, Juan Isidro Jimnenez against a rebel force raised by former Minister of War Desiderio Arias - Rebels attempted to oppose landing - Jimenez resigned - Marines realized they'd have to occupy the country to keep communities free of rebels ○ Initially occupied cities (like in Haiti) Moved from cities to country side to deny insurgents - Country organized into Northern Dept (with Santiago and - Some big attacks - Las Trencheras p. 110 - Martial Law instituted - "gave sweeping powers of arest to the troops " 112 - 113 - Table of Measures used - 117 Big garrisons were ineffective - "concentrated approach" for 2 years didn't work. Shifted to smaller footprints in and among people - sounds like Vietnam CAP - Guardia developed (new organization) 118 - becomes effective - Baited ambushes with small patrols then killed EN120-121 - Air integration 127 - trasnsport, scout, photos, (6 planes) - Lessons learned 128 - non-mandatory lectures - 13 articles on small wars

Answer 29

○ 267 "The three crucial commanders in charge of this 2nd Division attack were all committed to ensuring that the operation succeed and at a minimal cost in lives. Specifically, all three commanders shared, in varying degrees, an appreciation of the critical role of firepower in the attack and were not going to be constrained by the limitations of official AEF doctrine." § Lejeune (Division), Hunter Liggett (First Army), Summerall (V Corps) ○ 268 - Summerall - "fire superiority, rather than sheer manpower, be the driving force of the attack" and that "the assault battalions must be covered by artillery and machine gun fire in all stages of the advance. § Used planes to scout, aerial photos, ○ 270 - "Density, thickness, and length of the rolling barrage was probably the single most important element in the attack" ○ 271 - 3 objectives - 3km then consolidate, 3 km then consolidate, 3 km then consolidate

Answer 30

- 28 "Sclieffen Plan was the most important govt document written in any country in the first decade of the 20th century" - 30 - Schlieffen plan had day-by-day advance timeline. 7/8 force committed to win in West vs. France - neutralize the french fortresses by outflanking (through Belgium) ○ Cannae was inspiration ○ Obsessed w/ troop movement - couldn't expand army, b/c the throughput (road network) didn't support more ○ Wanted 1866 / 1870 6-7 week campaigns - Moltke (Younger) worked on plan and weakened the flank move - 38 - French Plan XVII - "advance with all forces united to the attack on the Gremna armies" - attack into the Lorraine - 39 - Brits planned to support with landing of BEF - The problem ○ How do you get there the firstest with the mostest ○ Need to get 9 Corps to a point that you can't get to on the current roads ○ How do you get there??? (Paris) § Change the ends - instead of Paris, Alsace & Lorraine § Change the means - double the rate of movement - stealing time… □ Laying RR track? Germans achieved 10-15 km of track in the east later in the war □ If you can win naval fight - you can put troops closer ○ To make Schlieffen plan work you have to change something ○ Dr. Morris says - what about bikes??? - What is German plan B - no plan B

Answer 31

Hamilton vs. Liman von Sanders (& Kemal) Hamilton lands to face only one - two of five Ottoman armies. Pretty good plan Ottomans Countarattack 1 May - 5 August "Stabilitzed Front" - neither side could gain an advantage Brits 159 Bns Ottoman/ German - 157 Bns ANZAC Breakout - Suvla Bay - August offensive fails & don't try another

Answer 32

He employed a diversionary attack at Beersheba to deceive the Ottomans, followed by a rapid and unexpected assault on Gaza. This maneuver allowed the British to capture the city. Third Gaza was a significant success for Allenby as it opened the way for the British advance into Palestine. Allenby and Lawrence integrated the Arab Revolt into the campaign by coordinating with Arab forces, using their knowledge of the terrain and local support to their advantage.

Answer 33

- Panzer Group Kleist: A Disputed Operational Experiment - The Importance of Logistics - Planning the Offensive - A Preprogrammed Chaos - The Advance through the Ardennes: A Near Catastrphe - The Impact of Operational-Level Mistakes at the Tactical Level: The Example of the 1st Panzer Division - The Ardennes Offensive from the Allied Perspective Germans go somewhere the French think they cannot go

Answer 34

- The French Army's Six Fatal Mistakes at Sedan - German Preparations for the Crossing of the Meuse River - The Meuse River Crossing on 13 May - The Advance from the Bridgehead on 14 May - Sedan 1940 - Turning Point in Military History Aim point - Sedan - why Sedan - - Double river crossing = what Guderian wants - do you want best crossing site (better approaches) ○ Panzers have 2 bridging columns) - Further West the approach to river is less covered and concealed

Answer 35

"The lesson of greatest importance is the need for overwhelming fire support, including close support

Answer 36

North Africa Mediterranean is LOC for Britain 3 Task Forces Western Task Force - Port Lyautey - Patton, Kelly (Navy), Truscott (Northern Group) Central Task Force Eastern Task Force - Anderson

Answer 37

North Africa

Answer 38

Salerno German defenders had almost exclusively mobile/armor - couldn't build defense in depth "Salerno not about Salerno, Salerno is about Naples" (Naples was too far for adequate air coverage) 10 Corps (Brits under McCreery) go north to Naples VI Corps (Dawley) land South - R Flank - Right Flank isn't about terrain - it is about how EN will use terrain (Hwy 18 vs. Hwy 19) Sele River is boundary - not wide, but steep bank (boundary should've been further north) Big gap between Dawley & McCreery - German attack by 29 Div almost reaches the beach - NGF break up attack

Answer 39

3 Attempts, then Diadem works

Answer 40

4th Monte Cassino

Answer 41

C2 Element Fire Support Element Transport Element

Answer 42

"HAD MCCLELLAN'S BRILLIANT STRATEGY BEEN FULLY IMPLEMENTED, IT WOULD HAVE ENDED THE CIVIL WAR IN 1862, AS INTENDED." xviii "McClellan proposed using the great water highways of the South. Penetrating deep into the Confederacy along the Mississippi, the Tennessee, and the Cumberland rivers, Federal armies could seize the great East-West rail lines connecting the Mississippi Valley with the Atlantic and Gulf seaboard, and with Virginia...disrupt Richmond's lines...force Confederate army in Virginia to disperse for lack of supplies...to free themselves from this death grip, Southern generals would have to hurl their men against strongly fortified positions which could not be invested while protected by Union warships or gunboats."

Key Battles/Conflicts 7101-7103 Flashcards

(81 cards)