KEY FAX (across Russia) Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
define GOSPLAN
A
set economic targets
2
Q
define VESHENKA
A
economic planning committee
3
Q
Who was Beria?
A
Head of MVD (before NKVD), Secret police
4
Q
When did Krushchev get elected into the central committee?
A
1934
5
Q
When was the 7 year plan?
A
1959
6
Q
What was Stalingrad renamed to in Krushchev’s reign?
A
Volgograd
7
Q
How many places of worship were left after destalinisation?
A
7500
8
Q
what was Stalin’s mausoleum?
A
body was dug up and buried in a concrete pit
9
Q
how many casualties were there in WW1
A
1.7M dead, 2.4M captured
10
Q
how much was the war cost (WW1)
A
3B roubles
11
Q
(ww2) how many collective farmers were women
A
4/5
12
Q
(ww2) how much did the communist party membership increase by 1945
A
3.6M to 5.8M
13
Q
what was order 277
A
no retreating
14
Q
when was order 277 put in place
A
28 July, 1942
15
Q
what was order 270
A
families of deserters were arrested
16
Q
when was order 270 put in place
A
16 August, 1941
17
Q
how many casualties in WW2? (killed + imprisoned)
A
27M Russians killed, 5M prisoners
18
Q
when was the battle of Stalingrad?
A
Oct 1942
19
Q
how many Germans died at the battle of stalingrad
A
55K German deaths
20
Q
when was Churchill’s Iron curtain speech
A
March 1946
21
Q
When and what was the Truman doctrine
A
March 1947- anxiety around communism
22
Q
when did Molotov reject the Marshall plan (COLD WAR)
A
1947
23
Q
When was cominform set up and what did it aim to do? (COLD WAR)
A
Sept 1947- aimed to co-ordinate economic recovery for Eastern europe
24
Q
When and what was the Treaty of San Stefano? (RUSSO-TURKISH)
A
1879- gave Russia land in Bessarabia. Turkey paid for war idemnity, Bulgaria expanded.
25
When and what was the Treaty of Portsmouth? (RUSSO-JAPANESE)
Aug 1905- Russia forced out of Port Arthur, had to acknowledge Japanese sovereignty in Korea
26
When and what was the Treaty of Paris? (CRIMEAN)
1856- Russia had to give up lands in Maldivian and were not allowed to maintain fleet in black sea.
27
What did Russia do with the foreign loans? (CRIMEAN)
Built 20,000 KM of track between 1861-78
28
How many Russians died? (CRIMEAN)
450K
29
When was WW1
1914-1918
30
When was WW2
1939-1945
31
When was the Cold war
1947-1964
32
When was the Russian civil war
1918-1921
33
When was the Russo-Turkish war
1877-1878
34
When was the Russo-Japanese war?
1904-05
35
When was the Crimean War?
1854-1856
36
When was there an assasination attempt to Lenin? and who did it?
1918- Kaplan, socialist advocate
37
How many Russians did the 1921 famine kill?
7M Russians
38
When was Stalin declared ‘undisputed leader’?
1929
39
State the target and output (in 1928) of iron ore in the first 5YP (1928-32)
```
Target= 15Mt
Output= 6Mt
```
40
when was the 3rd 5YP?
1938-1941
41
State the target (in 1928) and output in (1940) for coal in the 3rd 5YP?
```
Target= 128Mt (1928)
Output= 165.9 (1940)
```
42
By 1939 how many churches were active (Stalin)
1/4 churches active
43
Who was president of Secret court?
Marshal Voroshilov
44
How many war commisars were shot within 18 months as a result of the purges?
11
45
How many kulak families were affected by dekulakilisation?
1M
46
When was the Famine in Stalin’s reign?
1932-34
47
How many died in Stalin’s Famine
4.5M
48
when was the first harvest of the Virgin land scheme? (K)
1954
49
how many acres were cultivated by 1956 due to the VLS (K)
35.9M acres
50
when did minimum wage begin (k)
1956
51
what was the fertiliser productio target by Krushchev?
aimed for a 700% inc
52
When were the July Days?
3rd-5th 1917
53
What happened March 1917
dual authority with petrograd soviet, formed out of the progressive bloc
54
how many reforms did the 3rd Duma pass? (NII)
over 2000
55
In what period did primary schools double (NII)
1905-1914
56
When was Alexnder II’s reign?
1855-1881
57
When was Alexander III’s reign?
1881-1894
58
When was Nicholas II’s reign?
1894- March 1917 (abdicates)
59
How long did the Provisional Govt run for?
March 1917-Oct 1917
60
When was Lenin’s reign?
1917-1924
61
When was Stalin’s reign?
1924-1953
62
When was Khrushchev’s reign?
1953-1964
63
Who was Lavrov?
Intelligentsia, wanted end of serfdom
64
Who was Ulyanov?
Lenin’s brother, executed
65
Who was Martov?
Led the mensheviks, to educate the masses
66
Who was Bakunin?
radical intelligentsia, wanted anarchy
67
Who was Alexander Herzen?
moderate intelligentsia, edits journal ‘the Bell’, does not want to overthrow, imprisoned by AII
68
Who was Trotsky?
Menshevik to Bolsheviks
Controlled the Red army
formed a propaganda train
69
Who was Rodzianko?
member of duma
| part of progressive bloc that formed the PG
70
Who was part of the Triumvirate against Stalin?
Kaminev, Zinioviev and Trotsky
71
Who was in the Anti-Party group against Khrushchev?
Molotov, Malenkov and Kaganovich in 1957
72
When was Khrushchev forced to resign?
1964- removed by politburo
73
When was the October manifesto?
17th October 1905
74
Who led the Octobrists?
Guchkov
75
Which group made the Vyborg Manifesto?
The Kadets
76
When did Land and Liberty split and what into?
Split in 1878 into the Peoples will and the Black Partition
77
when was the kronstadt rebellion?
1921
78
after how many days did NII disband the first duma?
42 days
79
when did minimum wage begin? (K)
1956
80
How many died in the famine 1932-34? (S)
4.5M
81
How long were serfs expected to pay redemption payments for? (AII)
49 Yrs
82
when was the emancipation act?
march 3rd 1861
83
give two examples of peasant rebellions
- kronstadt
| - tambov
84
who was Plekhanov?
- leader of Black partition (peaceful)
- formed first marxist group
- joined the SD’s then the Mensheviks
85
what was the Doctor’s plot?
announced in Pravda, Stalin accused Jews of assassination attempts
86
Who was Kirov and when was he murdered?
- figurehead for dissatisfaction
- decree against terrorising act gave power to NKVD
- was not happy with speed of industrialisation
- murdered in 1934
87
in dekulakisation what reward was given for grain confiscated
25%
88
who did Khrushchev allow to return as ruler of Poland?
Gomulka
89
what was the Stakhonovite movement?
- began during the soviet second 5YP (1935)
| - a title that conferred on workers who set production records
90
how many books were published in 1894? (AIII)
10,691
91
Why did the Kronstadt rebellion occur?
- caused by workers suffering, felt like enslavement
| - called for an end to communist rule
92
Who was leader of the Okhrana?
Zubarov
93
Who was leader of the Cheka?
Dzerzhinsky
94
Who was leader of the Third Section?
Shuvalov
95
When was Beria arrested and shot?
June 1953
96
Who was asked to lead the Union of Russian Writers in 1932
Maxim Gorky
97
Who led the NKVD in the years 1934-38
Yagoda (‘34-‘36)
| Yezhov (‘36-‘38)
98
what is serfdom?
legally bound to a landed estate in a feudal system
99
define the mir
village commune
100
define redemption payments
paid as compensation by peasants for 49 years following the Emancipation act
101
define Land Captains
noble overseers
102
define the ‘great spurt’
Witte’s industrial policies led to big changes
103
Define the gold standard
Fixing of the currency to a specific quantity of gold
104
Define the Peasant Land Bank
set up by the government to allow peasants to borrow money at relatively cheap rates to buy land
105
Define Stakhanovite
Named after Stakhanov who met his target in the 5YP
106
Define requisitioning
taking of grain by the state
107
define the kulaks
successful peasants
108
define Kolkhoz
a farm owned and partly organised by the state but peasant employers not directly employed by state
109
define zemstva
local council set up by AII in 1864
110
define zemgor
union of zemstva, responsible for medical supplies to army in WW1
111
define Orgburo
administrative body of communist party
112
define Rabkrin
workers + peasants inspectorate. highly bureaucratic
113
define Council of Ministers
senior politicians who drafted domestic policies. set up in 1905
114
define the Imperial Chancellory
3 sections
| personal secretariat, legal advisors and third section (secret committee)
115
define Sovnarkom
ministers of communist party
| peoples commissar with governmental responsibilities
116
define the All Russian Congress of Soviets
meeting of delegates from soviets to decide on policies
117
define the General Secretary
controlled expulsion from and acceptance into communist party
118
define the State Council
upper chamber of Duma, set up by the fundamental laws
119
define Justice of the Peace
landowners appointed to maintain law + order
| worked in conjunction with the police
120
define Land Captains
set up by AII
| to keep control over the countryside
121
Define the Progressive Bloc
group within 4th Duma, consists of Kadets, Octobrists and Nationalists who challenged NII.
Formed the PG
122
Define the Nomenklatura
group of officers + managers approved by the bolsheviks
123
define the Supreme Soviet
elected by the sovnarkom
| power to make laws, kept power over the republic
124
define the Third Element
teachers, lawyers + doctors who dominated the zemstvo (local council)
125
define the Presidium
small group of ministers (communist)
