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Russia > KEY FAX (across Russia) > Flashcards

KEY FAX (across Russia) Flashcards

1
Q

define GOSPLAN

A

set economic targets

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2
Q

define VESHENKA

A

economic planning committee

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3
Q

Who was Beria?

A

Head of MVD (before NKVD), Secret police

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4
Q

When did Krushchev get elected into the central committee?

A

1934

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5
Q

When was the 7 year plan?

A

1959

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6
Q

What was Stalingrad renamed to in Krushchev’s reign?

A

Volgograd

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7
Q

How many places of worship were left after destalinisation?

A

7500

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8
Q

what was Stalin’s mausoleum?

A

body was dug up and buried in a concrete pit

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9
Q

how many casualties were there in WW1

A

1.7M dead, 2.4M captured

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10
Q

how much was the war cost (WW1)

A

3B roubles

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11
Q

(ww2) how many collective farmers were women

A

4/5

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12
Q

(ww2) how much did the communist party membership increase by 1945

A

3.6M to 5.8M

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13
Q

what was order 277

A

no retreating

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14
Q

when was order 277 put in place

A

28 July, 1942

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15
Q

what was order 270

A

families of deserters were arrested

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16
Q

when was order 270 put in place

A

16 August, 1941

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17
Q

how many casualties in WW2? (killed + imprisoned)

A

27M Russians killed, 5M prisoners

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18
Q

when was the battle of Stalingrad?

A

Oct 1942

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19
Q

how many Germans died at the battle of stalingrad

A

55K German deaths

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20
Q

when was Churchill’s Iron curtain speech

A

March 1946

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21
Q

When and what was the Truman doctrine

A

March 1947- anxiety around communism

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22
Q

when did Molotov reject the Marshall plan (COLD WAR)

A

1947

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23
Q

When was cominform set up and what did it aim to do? (COLD WAR)

A

Sept 1947- aimed to co-ordinate economic recovery for Eastern europe

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24
Q

When and what was the Treaty of San Stefano? (RUSSO-TURKISH)

A

1879- gave Russia land in Bessarabia. Turkey paid for war idemnity, Bulgaria expanded.

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25
Q

When and what was the Treaty of Portsmouth? (RUSSO-JAPANESE)

A

Aug 1905- Russia forced out of Port Arthur, had to acknowledge Japanese sovereignty in Korea

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26
Q

When and what was the Treaty of Paris? (CRIMEAN)

A

1856- Russia had to give up lands in Maldivian and were not allowed to maintain fleet in black sea.

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27
Q

What did Russia do with the foreign loans? (CRIMEAN)

A

Built 20,000 KM of track between 1861-78

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28
Q

How many Russians died? (CRIMEAN)

A

450K

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29
Q

When was WW1

A

1914-1918

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30
Q

When was WW2

A

1939-1945

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31
Q

When was the Cold war

A

1947-1964

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32
Q

When was the Russian civil war

A

1918-1921

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33
Q

When was the Russo-Turkish war

A

1877-1878

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34
Q

When was the Russo-Japanese war?

A

1904-05

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35
Q

When was the Crimean War?

A

1854-1856

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36
Q

When was there an assasination attempt to Lenin? and who did it?

A

1918- Kaplan, socialist advocate

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37
Q

How many Russians did the 1921 famine kill?

A

7M Russians

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38
Q

When was Stalin declared ‘undisputed leader’?

A

1929

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39
Q

State the target and output (in 1928) of iron ore in the first 5YP (1928-32)

A 
Target= 15Mt
Output= 6Mt
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40
Q

when was the 3rd 5YP?

A

1938-1941

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41
Q

State the target (in 1928) and output in (1940) for coal in the 3rd 5YP?

A 
Target= 128Mt (1928)
Output= 165.9 (1940)
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42
Q

By 1939 how many churches were active (Stalin)

A

1/4 churches active

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43
Q

Who was president of Secret court?

A

Marshal Voroshilov

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44
Q

How many war commisars were shot within 18 months as a result of the purges?

A

11

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45
Q

How many kulak families were affected by dekulakilisation?

A

1M

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46
Q

When was the Famine in Stalin’s reign?

A

1932-34

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47
Q

How many died in Stalin’s Famine

A

4.5M

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48
Q

when was the first harvest of the Virgin land scheme? (K)

A

1954

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49
Q

how many acres were cultivated by 1956 due to the VLS (K)

A

35.9M acres

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50
Q

when did minimum wage begin (k)

A

1956

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51
Q

what was the fertiliser productio target by Krushchev?

A

aimed for a 700% inc

52
Q

When were the July Days?

A

3rd-5th 1917

53
Q

What happened March 1917

A

dual authority with petrograd soviet, formed out of the progressive bloc

54
Q

how many reforms did the 3rd Duma pass? (NII)

A

over 2000

55
Q

In what period did primary schools double (NII)

A

1905-1914

56
Q

When was Alexnder II’s reign?

A

1855-1881

57
Q

When was Alexander III’s reign?

A

1881-1894

58
Q

When was Nicholas II’s reign?

A

1894- March 1917 (abdicates)

59
Q

How long did the Provisional Govt run for?

A

March 1917-Oct 1917

60
Q

When was Lenin’s reign?

A

1917-1924

61
Q

When was Stalin’s reign?

A

1924-1953

62
Q

When was Khrushchev’s reign?

A

1953-1964

63
Q

Who was Lavrov?

A

Intelligentsia, wanted end of serfdom

64
Q

Who was Ulyanov?

A

Lenin’s brother, executed

65
Q

Who was Martov?

A

Led the mensheviks, to educate the masses

66
Q

Who was Bakunin?

A

radical intelligentsia, wanted anarchy

67
Q

Who was Alexander Herzen?

A

moderate intelligentsia, edits journal ‘the Bell’, does not want to overthrow, imprisoned by AII

68
Q

Who was Trotsky?

A

Menshevik to Bolsheviks
Controlled the Red army
formed a propaganda train

69
Q

Who was Rodzianko?

A

member of duma

part of progressive bloc that formed the PG

70
Q

Who was part of the Triumvirate against Stalin?

A

Kaminev, Zinioviev and Trotsky

71
Q

Who was in the Anti-Party group against Khrushchev?

A

Molotov, Malenkov and Kaganovich in 1957

72
Q

When was Khrushchev forced to resign?

A

1964- removed by politburo

73
Q

When was the October manifesto?

A

17th October 1905

74
Q

Who led the Octobrists?

A

Guchkov

75
Q

Which group made the Vyborg Manifesto?

A

The Kadets

76
Q

When did Land and Liberty split and what into?

A

Split in 1878 into the Peoples will and the Black Partition

77
Q

when was the kronstadt rebellion?

A

1921

78
Q

after how many days did NII disband the first duma?

A

42 days

79
Q

when did minimum wage begin? (K)

A

1956

80
Q

How many died in the famine 1932-34? (S)

A

4.5M

81
Q

How long were serfs expected to pay redemption payments for? (AII)

A

49 Yrs

82
Q

when was the emancipation act?

A

march 3rd 1861

83
Q

give two examples of peasant rebellions

A
  • kronstadt

- tambov

84
Q

who was Plekhanov?

A
  • leader of Black partition (peaceful)
  • formed first marxist group
  • joined the SD’s then the Mensheviks
85
Q

what was the Doctor’s plot?

A

announced in Pravda, Stalin accused Jews of assassination attempts

86
Q

Who was Kirov and when was he murdered?

A
  • figurehead for dissatisfaction
  • decree against terrorising act gave power to NKVD
  • was not happy with speed of industrialisation
  • murdered in 1934
87
Q

in dekulakisation what reward was given for grain confiscated

A

25%

88
Q

who did Khrushchev allow to return as ruler of Poland?

A

Gomulka

89
Q

what was the Stakhonovite movement?

A
  • began during the soviet second 5YP (1935)

- a title that conferred on workers who set production records

90
Q

how many books were published in 1894? (AIII)

A

10,691

91
Q

Why did the Kronstadt rebellion occur?

A
  • caused by workers suffering, felt like enslavement

- called for an end to communist rule

92
Q

Who was leader of the Okhrana?

A

Zubarov

93
Q

Who was leader of the Cheka?

A

Dzerzhinsky

94
Q

Who was leader of the Third Section?

A

Shuvalov

95
Q

When was Beria arrested and shot?

A

June 1953

96
Q

Who was asked to lead the Union of Russian Writers in 1932

A

Maxim Gorky

97
Q

Who led the NKVD in the years 1934-38

A

Yagoda (‘34-‘36)

Yezhov (‘36-‘38)

98
Q

what is serfdom?

A

legally bound to a landed estate in a feudal system

99
Q

define the mir

A

village commune

100
Q

define redemption payments

A

paid as compensation by peasants for 49 years following the Emancipation act

101
Q

define Land Captains

A

noble overseers

102
Q

define the ‘great spurt’

A

Witte’s industrial policies led to big changes

103
Q

Define the gold standard

A

Fixing of the currency to a specific quantity of gold

104
Q

Define the Peasant Land Bank

A

set up by the government to allow peasants to borrow money at relatively cheap rates to buy land

105
Q

Define Stakhanovite

A

Named after Stakhanov who met his target in the 5YP

106
Q

Define requisitioning

A

taking of grain by the state

107
Q

define the kulaks

A

successful peasants

108
Q

define Kolkhoz

A

a farm owned and partly organised by the state but peasant employers not directly employed by state

109
Q

define zemstva

A

local council set up by AII in 1864

110
Q

define zemgor

A

union of zemstva, responsible for medical supplies to army in WW1

111
Q

define Orgburo

A

administrative body of communist party

112
Q

define Rabkrin

A

workers + peasants inspectorate. highly bureaucratic

113
Q

define Council of Ministers

A

senior politicians who drafted domestic policies. set up in 1905

114
Q

define the Imperial Chancellory

A

3 sections

personal secretariat, legal advisors and third section (secret committee)

115
Q

define Sovnarkom

A

ministers of communist party

peoples commissar with governmental responsibilities

116
Q

define the All Russian Congress of Soviets

A

meeting of delegates from soviets to decide on policies

117
Q

define the General Secretary

A

controlled expulsion from and acceptance into communist party

118
Q

define the State Council

A

upper chamber of Duma, set up by the fundamental laws

119
Q

define Justice of the Peace

A

landowners appointed to maintain law + order

worked in conjunction with the police

120
Q

define Land Captains

A

set up by AII

to keep control over the countryside

121
Q

Define the Progressive Bloc

A

group within 4th Duma, consists of Kadets, Octobrists and Nationalists who challenged NII.
Formed the PG

122
Q

Define the Nomenklatura

A

group of officers + managers approved by the bolsheviks

123
Q

define the Supreme Soviet

A

elected by the sovnarkom

power to make laws, kept power over the republic

124
Q

define the Third Element

A

teachers, lawyers + doctors who dominated the zemstvo (local council)

125
Q

define the Presidium

A

small group of ministers (communist)

Russia (5 decks)

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