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Russia > Khrushchev > Flashcards

Khrushchev Flashcards

1
Q

Which five men were in the collective leadership that took over after Stalin’s death?

A

Malenkov, Beria, Molotov, Vorishilov and Khrushchev

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2
Q

How was Beria removed from power?

A

Accused of crimes and Zhukov rushed in and arrested him. executed after 6 months, Dec 1953

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3
Q

How did K outmanoeuvre Malenkov?

A

Made him take blame for poor harvest in 1953

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4
Q

When did Khrushchev launch his Virgin Lands campaign in Kazakhstan and Siberia?

A

1954

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5
Q

When did Khrushchev make his speech at the 20th Party Congress?

A

1956

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6
Q

Give three motives of Khrushchev for de-Stalinisation

A

Moral conscience; liberate Party officials; avoid radical debate about Stalin; build support for his ideas of reform and Leninist renewal

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7
Q

What was the title of Khrushchev’s secret speech?

A

‘On the Personality cult and its consequences’

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8
Q

How many political prisoners were released in the ten months after the secret speech?

A

617,000

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9
Q

Give 2 examples of how K’s speech destabilised Eastern Europe

A

Strike led to change of govt in Poland; 1956 Hungarian uprising

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10
Q

How many casualties when K crushed the Hungarian uprising

A

20,000

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11
Q

what was the anti-party group?

A

Molotov, Kaganovich and Voroshilov opposed K’s secret speech. June 1957 Khrushchev outvoted 7 to 4 but he flew in members of the Central Committee and the Anti-Party group were condemned for factionalism.

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12
Q

what happened to Zhukov in 1957?

A

Dismissed from the Presidium and the Central Committee for introducing military reforms without consulting the Party

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13
Q

How did Khrushchev attack Stalin at the 22nd Party Congress in 1961?

A

new info about purges

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14
Q

Give four actions that Khrushchev took after the 22nd Party Congress

A

Stalin’s mummified body removed from Lenin’s Mausoleum
places named after Stalin renamed
monuments of Stalin destroyed
K proposed a memorial to Stalin’s victims in Moscow

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15
Q

What did K’s analysis of agriculture in 1953 reveal?

A

Low productivity; low numbers of livestock; biological yield used to hide reality of harvests; farmers’ incomes low; high taxes on private plots discouraged production

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16
Q

where did the virgin lands campaign focus on?

A

uncultivated land in Kazakhstan, the urals and siberia

17
Q

how many komsomol volunteers were used to help the virgin lands campaign

A

300,000

18
Q

what proportion of the 85M acres of maize were harvested ripe?

A

1/6

19
Q

when were MTS stations abolished

A

1958

20
Q

Why did Khrushchev’s restriction of private plot size put pressure on peasants

A

pressure to sell their cows to the kolkhoz

21
Q

when was the 7YP introduced

A

1959

22
Q

why did K want the chemicals industry to expand?

A

provide more fertiliser for agriculture

23
Q

give 2 problem with K’s industrial policies

A

expense of space and missile programme
increased military expenditure
poor growth rates

24
Q

Give three successes of K’s industrial policies

A

Increase in consumer goods; expansion of chemicals industry; space race increased prestige

25
Q

When was the first successful test of an intercontinental ballistic missile?

A

Aug 1957

26
Q

When did Yuri Gagarin become the first man in space?

A

1961

27
Q

Give three ways that Khrushchev reorganised industry

A

Enterprises transferred from central to republican control; republican governments given control over factories; May 1957 regional economic councils set up

28
Q

What was the New Party Programme of 1961?

A

The Communist Party was now a party of the whole people; more accountable to the membership with limits on terms served and rotation of offices; Communist Party the key institution in the march towards Communism; a Communist society to be almost complete by 1980 and real income to have increased by 250%

29
Q

Give two examples of Khrushchev trying to help raise standards of living

A

1956 minimum wage; expansion of pension schem; 1960 7 hour day; repeal of labour laws against absenteeism

30
Q

When did Khrushchev launch a programme to try to end housing shortages?

A

1957

31
Q

Give examples of the new houses constructed between 1956 and 1965

A

cheap, pre-fabricated, 5 storeys high

32
Q

how much did numbers in higher education increase

A

X3

33
Q

Give three examples of K’s attack on religion

A

Revival of Lenin’s militant atheism; anti-religious propaganda; taxes on religious activities increased; churches and monasteries closed

34
Q

Give two examples of novels censored

A

Boris Pasternak, Dr Zhivago and Vasily Grossman, Life and Fate

35
Q

Where was there an uprising on 1 June 1962 and why?

A

Novocherkassk

Food prices rising sharply

36
Q

what was samizdat?

A

Self-publishing. It became an underground press to spread political ideas.

37
Q

Why was Khrushchev criticised for the Cuban Missile crisis?

A

brought russia to the brink of nuclear war

Russia (5 decks)

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