Key Question 3: The Significance of the Main Developments in Religion (1529-1588) Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
What was the main instigator of the reformation in England according to the text?
A
Dynastic need instigated the reformation and the beginnings of religious change
This refers to the necessity for Henry VIII to secure his dynasty, which led to significant changes in religious practices.
2
Q
What significant Act did Henry enact in 1534?
A
Act of Supremacy
This act declared Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
3
Q
What major event began in 1536 under Henry’s reign?
A
Dissolution of the Monasteries
This event ended a thousand years of monastic history in England.
4
Q
What was one benefit of the Act of Supremacy and the Dissolution of the Monasteries?
A
Increased Henry’s political influence and replenished the king’s coffers
These actions not only had financial benefits but also led to significant religious changes.
5
Q
What type of society did England become after Henry’s changes?
A
Erastian society
This term refers to a society where the state has authority over the church.
6
Q
How did Henry’s changes affect the common people regarding religion?
A
Showed the common people alternatives in religion
This exposure was critical in changing perceptions of faith and authority.
7
Q
What document was produced that contributed to religious change?
A
Great Bible in English
This document allowed wider access to religious texts, promoting literacy and personal interpretation of scripture.
8
Q
What did the Valour Ecclesiasticus expose?
A
Corruption and deceitful nature of the clerics
This exposure led to a loss of faith in the established clergy among the populace.
9
Q
Was Henry’s reformation a catalyst for inevitable change?
A
No, it can be seen as a catalyst for change but not making it inevitable
This indicates that while changes began, they did not guarantee a specific outcome.
10
Q
What was the duration of Henry VIII’s Reformation Parliament?
A
1529 to 1536
11
Q
What was the main purpose of Henry VIII’s Reformation Parliament?
A
To settle his divorce from Catherine of Aragon
12
Q
Who was blocking Henry VIII’s divorce from Catherine of Aragon?
A
The Papacy in Rome
13
Q
What significant change did the Reformation Parliament bring to English government?
A
Parliament became omnicompetent
14
Q
What does omnicompetent mean in the context of the Reformation Parliament?
A
No area involved in the government of the realm was outside its authority
15
Q
What authority did the Reformation Parliament transfer from the Pope?
A
Religious authority to the English Crown
16
Q
What was one of the effects of the laws passed by the Reformation Parliament?
A
The Crown gained control over the wealth and buildings of the old Church
17
Q
What type of doctrine was settled by the Reformation Parliament?
A
Official religious doctrine (still essentially Roman Catholic)
18
Q
What significant alteration did the Reformation Parliament make regarding the King’s children?
A
Declared two of the King’s children illegitimate
19
Q
What broader program did the Reformation Parliament initiate?
A
A programme of social, religious and economic reform
20
Q
How did Henry VIII’s successors utilize Parliament?
A
To pass legislation changing the nature, doctrine and authority of the Church in England
21
Q
What key principle did the Reformation Parliament assert regarding Parliament’s authority?
A
The supreme authority of Parliament in making statute
22
Q
What is meant by ‘Crown-in-Parliament’?
A
The royal authority embodied in law passed by the monarch, Lords and Commons
23
Q
What did Henry VIII recognize about royal power in relation to Parliament?
A
Royal power was strongest when expressed through parliamentary statute
24
Q
What did the Reformation Parliament aim to dismantle?
A
The structures within the church
25
What role did Henry VIII play in religious change in England?
Catalyst for religious change; started the break with Rome
26
What was the significance of the 1534 Act of Supremacy?
It declared that the Roman Catholic Pope no longer had religious control over England
27
Who was the first monarch to break with the Papacy?
Henry VIII
28
What did the 1534 Act of Annates entail?
It was part of the legislative actions taken by Henry VIII
29
What position did Henry VIII hold within the Church of England?
Head of the Church of England
30
What was the role of the reformation parliament (1529-36)?
Passed legislation to reduce Catholic influence and introduce Protestant doctrine
31
What was the significance of the 1536 Ten Articles?
Introduced a mixture of Catholic and Protestant ideas
32
What was a major action taken by Henry VIII between 1536-40?
Gradually dissolved the monasteries
33
What remained the same in terms of doctrine during Henry VIII's reign?
Services remained in Latin
34
Who translated the Bible into the vernacular in 1536?
William Tyndale
35
What was the impact of translating the Bible into the vernacular?
Took away the Catholic tradition of the Latin language
36
Who funded the distribution of Bibles among churches?
Cromwell
37
True or False: Henry VIII made future religious change inevitable.
False
38
Fill in the blank: Henry VIII's reign was a _______ for religious change.
catalyst
39
Who was significant in religious change during his reign in England?
Edward VI
## Footnote
Edward VI made England a Protestant country.
40
What was one of Edward VI's contributions to religious reform?
He encouraged European Protestant reformers to settle in England.
41
What legislation did Edward VI use parliament to repeal?
The Henrician Treason Act and the Act of Six Articles.
42
What was the impact of repealing the Henrician Treason Act and the Act of Six Articles?
Left England without a set of beliefs and allowed free discussion of religion.
43
What new permission was granted to the clergy under Edward VI?
They could now ask permission to marry.
44
What act was passed in 1547 that condemned Catholic ideas?
The act to Dissolve the Chantries.
45
What Catholic concepts were condemned by the act to Dissolve the Chantries?
Praying for the dead and purgatory.
46
What was the purpose of the 1st Act of Uniformity passed in 1549?
To establish a uniform Protestant worship.
47
What was introduced by the 2nd Act of Uniformity in 1552?
A more radical Protestant prayer book in English.
48
What were the 42 Articles primarily promoting?
The main Protestant beliefs: that the Bible was central to belief, salvation by faith, that purgatory doesn't exist, and predestination.
## Footnote
The 42 Articles were significant in establishing Protestant doctrine during the English Reformation.
49
What was the impact of the 42 Articles on Catholicism?
Continued the attack on Catholicism.
## Footnote
This reflected the ongoing religious tensions and shifts during the Reformation period.
50
What changes were made in the churches during this period?
Changed the internal appearance of the churches and vestments.
## Footnote
These changes were part of the broader Protestant reforms aimed at differentiating from Catholic practices.
51
Was Edward the most significant factor in the Protestant reforms?
No, he only carried on his father's reforms, which were of little success.
## Footnote
Edward's reforms lacked the time to establish before the counter-reformation initiated by Mary.
52
What happened to the reforms after Edward's reign?
By 1558, Mary's counter-reformation reforms had been largely successful.
## Footnote
This indicates the volatility and shifting nature of religious reforms during this historical period.
53
Who developed the Protestant framework created during Edward's reign?
Elizabeth.
## Footnote
Elizabeth I continued to develop the Protestant structure established during the earlier reforms.
54
What was Mary's aim after being crowned?
To attempt a counter-reformation
## Footnote
Mary's counter-reformation aimed to revive Catholicism in England.
55
What was the result of Mary's counter-reformation?
It failed, leading to limited influence on religious change
## Footnote
Mary's overall influence was not as significant as that of other monarchs.
56
What legislation did Mary pass to revive the Catholic faith?
She passed legislation that repealed most of Edward's legislation
## Footnote
This included the 1553 Statutes of Repeal.
57
What did the 1553 Statutes of Repeal accomplish?
It repealed the Edwardian Act of Uniformity
## Footnote
This made Protestant practices illegal and reinstated Catholic practices.
58
Which practices were reinstated under Mary's reign?
Services in Latin, priests not marrying, mass, and Catholic accoutrements
## Footnote
Stained glass and vestments were also restored.
59
What title did Mary give up in 1553?
Supreme Head of the Church
## Footnote
This action demonstrated her support for the papacy.
60
What was the Marian Exiles?
A mass exodus of Protestants to places like Geneva and Zurich
## Footnote
This occurred in 1554 due to Mary's persecution of heretics.
61
Why was the Marian Exiles' exodus significant?
It impacted religious influences during Elizabeth's reign
## Footnote
The returning exiles brought back Protestant ideas.
62
What was a major failure of Mary's reign regarding religion?
She failed to restore the monasteries
## Footnote
This was a key aspect of Catholic re-establishment.
63
True or False: Mary secured a Roman Catholic succession.
False
## Footnote
Catholicism under her reign was considered incomplete.
64
What was Mary's overall impact on the religious landscape compared to other monarchs?
Less important due to the failure of her counter-reformation
## Footnote
Other monarchs were more successful in changing the country's religion.
65
What was arguably the most important aspect of Elizabeth I's reign?
Her changes made England a Protestant country that withstood the test of time.
## Footnote
Elizabeth I's religious reforms were significant for establishing Protestantism in England.
66
How long did Elizabeth I reign?
45 years.
## Footnote
This long reign allowed her changes to embed within society.
67
What was the Act of Supremacy?
A legislative act from 1559 that confirmed the Queen as the supreme governor of the Church of England.
## Footnote
This act re-established royal supremacy over the church.
68
What was the purpose of the Act of Uniformity?
To establish a uniform liturgy for the Church of England in 1559.
## Footnote
It aimed to create consistency in worship across the country.
69
What were the Injunctions of 1559?
A set of instructions issued to the clergy that outlined the practices and beliefs of the Church of England.
## Footnote
These injunctions were part of Elizabeth's religious settlement.
70
What religious settlement did Elizabeth I's acts confirm?
A 'via media' religious settlement.
## Footnote
This settlement sought a middle ground between Protestantism and Catholicism.
71
Whose framework did Elizabeth I's changes return to?
Her brother's framework.
## Footnote
This refers to the religious policies established during Edward VI's reign.
72
What title did Elizabeth I take concerning the Church?
Supreme governor.
## Footnote
This title reflected the return of royal supremacy in the Anglican Church.
73
What was reworded to allow a more Catholic interpretation during Elizabeth I's reign?
The second Edwardian Prayer Book of 1552.
## Footnote
This rewording aimed to accommodate differing religious views within the church.
74
What was suggested by the injunction regarding Elizabeth's intentions?
Elizabeth was looking to establish a Protestant settlement but was ready to compromise
## Footnote
This indicates her willingness to find a middle ground in religious matters.
75
What document is associated with Elizabeth's religious settlement?
39 articles
## Footnote
The 39 Articles of Religion defined the doctrines of the Church of England.
76
Which two threats did Elizabeth survive during her reign?
The Catholic threat of Mary Queen of Scots and the extremist Protestant threat of Puritans
## Footnote
These threats posed significant challenges to her rule and religious policies.
77
What church did Elizabeth create?
Anglican Church
## Footnote
The Anglican Church was established as a middle path between Catholicism and Protestantism.
78
What act ensured Welsh support for Elizabeth's religious policies?
1563 Act to translate the Scriptures
## Footnote
This act aimed to make the Scriptures accessible in Welsh, garnering support from the Welsh population.
79
What was Parliament's role in religious change?
Parliament's role in religious change meant that legislation could be passed for the reformation or counter-reformation to happen. These laws made Parliament a vital part of religious change within Britain.
80
Why is Parliament not seen as an important factor in religious change?
Parliament is not seen to be as important a factor because they could only pass laws to enforce doctrines with the permission of the King/Queen.
81
What legislation did Parliament pass?
Parliament only passed the legislation of the monarch at that time.
82
What role did church leaders play in religious change?
Church leaders influenced Monarchs who then passed ideas to parliament for legislation
## Footnote
Church leaders could not create legislation themselves but were pivotal in shaping ideas and influencing monarchs.
83
Who was Thomas Cranmer and what was his significance?
Thomas Cranmer was the Archbishop of Canterbury who influenced the Protestant reformation
## Footnote
He supported Royal Supremacy, promoted services in the Vernacular, and authored the Book of Homilies and the English prayer book.
84
What is Royal Supremacy?
Royal Supremacy is the idea that the monarch is the supreme leader of the Church
## Footnote
This concept allowed church leaders like Cranmer to promote opposition to the Papacy.
85
What was the Book of Homilies?
The Book of Homilies explained the doctrines of the new religion
## Footnote
Authored by Thomas Cranmer, it played a significant role in shaping liturgy and doctrine.
86
How did Cardinal Pole influence religious change?
Cardinal Pole influenced people with Roman Catholic ideas during Mary I's reign
## Footnote
His exile limited his ability to enact significant changes, making his influence 'too little too late.'
87
What was Archbishop Parker's role in the Elizabethan Church?
Archbishop Parker was a stabilizing factor supporting the Queen's determination on settled religion
## Footnote
His leadership contributed to the stability of the Elizabethan Church.
88
Fill in the blank: Church leaders could not directly influence the country but influenced the _______.
monarchs
89
True or False: Church leaders had the same level of importance in ecclesiastic change as monarchs.
True
## Footnote
While church leaders could not enact laws, their influence on monarchs was significant.
90
What is the significance of the English prayer book authored by Cranmer?
It remains important for the liturgy and doctrine of the church with few changes
## Footnote
Cranmer's prayer book has had a lasting impact on Anglican worship.
91
What was the public reason for the dissolution of the monasteries?
Corruption and waste of resources within the church
## Footnote
The dissolution was associated with an attack on traditional religious practices.
92
How did the dissolution of the monasteries relate to Protestantism?
It removed traditional Catholic practices such as pilgrimage, images, and praying for the dead
## Footnote
This change was viewed as an unintentional step towards Protestantism.
93
Who influenced the dissolution of the monasteries and what was his view on monasticism?
Cromwell; he objected to monasticism as a waste of human and financial resources
## Footnote
Cromwell's influence played a significant role in the dissolution.
94
What financial benefits did Henry gain from the dissolution of the monasteries?
Wealth from monasteries, including one third of the country's landed property
## Footnote
This wealth helped solve financial problems of the monarchy and funded fortifications.
95
What did the Act of Dissolution (1536) accomplish?
Dissolved all houses under £200
## Footnote
This was part of the broader strategy to transfer wealth to the crown.
96
What was the outcome of the second Act of Dissolution (1539)?
Transferred all property of the greater houses to the crown
## Footnote
This further consolidated the monarchy's financial power.
97
What was a significant social impact of the dissolution on monks and nuns?
6,500 out of 8,000 monks were forced to move; 2,000 nuns were also displaced
## Footnote
This reflects the significant disruption caused by the dissolution.
98
How did the dissolution of the monasteries affect the new landlords?
It gave them a vested interest in the reformation
## Footnote
They had 'bought in' to this aspect of change, making it a permanent shift.
99
What role did monasteries play in ordinary people's lives before the dissolution?
They educated, helped the poor, and cared for the sick
## Footnote
The dissolution removed these crucial services from the community.
100
True or False: Henry's other legislation was considered more important than the dissolution of the monasteries.
True
## Footnote
Key pieces of legislation included the Break with Rome, Act of Supremacy 1534, and Act First Fruits and Tenths.
101
What was the Act of Supremacy of 1534?
A law that marked Henry's break with the Catholic Church, asserting the monarch's authority over the church in England.
## Footnote
This act declared Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
102
What was the impact of Henry's break with Rome on the Catholic Church?
It began the dismantling of the Catholic Church in England.
## Footnote
This process facilitated the transfer of religious authority from the Pope to the English monarch.
103
What was an unintended consequence of Henry's break with Rome?
It served as an unintentional step towards Protestantism.
## Footnote
Although the primary motive was political and financial, it set the stage for further Protestant reforms.
104
What power did Henry gain from the break with Rome?
Increased power and financial gain.
## Footnote
This included control over church lands and resources, enhancing the monarchy's wealth.
105
What source of corruption was removed by exchanging the Pope for the monarch?
The source of corruption in the church in England.
## Footnote
The shift aimed to address grievances with the church's practices and governance.
106
What significant action was allowed by the break with Rome in 1536?
The dissolution of the monasteries.
## Footnote
This process involved the closure and repurposing of monastic institutions, redistributing their wealth and lands.
107
What was the nature of the break with Rome?
It was crucially important but reversible.
## Footnote
The break with Rome refers to the separation of the Church of England from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
108
What was the impact of the dissolution of monasteries?
It had a marked impact on the religious and ecclesiastical landscape and was not reversible.
## Footnote
The dissolution of monasteries involved the disbanding of monastic communities and the redistribution of their assets.
109
How did the break with Rome initially affect the people's religion in England?
It did not have a significant impact; England was still a Catholic nation.
## Footnote
Despite the break, many traditional Catholic practices and beliefs continued to prevail among the populace.
110
What was the Chantries Act and when was it enacted?
November 1547
111
During whose reign was the Chantries Act enacted?
Edward VI (1547-1553)
112
What was the financial yield from the chantries?
£160,000
113
What percentage of the total yield did the chantries represent compared to other dissolutions?
20%
114
What was one religious reason for the dissolution of the chantries?
They were a clear expression of the Catholic doctrine of purgatory
115
Why did Protestant thinkers view chantries negatively?
They were regarded as centres of superstition
116
What did the proceeds from the dissolution of chantries aim to support?
The war with France and Scotland
117
How many chantries were dissolved?
3000
118
Along with chantries, how many colleges were dissolved?
90 colleges
119
How many hospitals were dissolved during this period?
110 hospitals
120
What was the impact of the dissolution on rural areas?
It removed the provision for additional and unbeneficed clergy
121
What did Catholics believe about prayers after death?
They would help their souls in purgatory
122
What was the consequence of dismissing the belief in purgatory for Catholics?
A Catholic's soul would be in peril
123
Why is the dissolution of the chantries considered an important change?
It was irreversible
124
What change made by Thomas Cranmer could be restored over time?
The 1552 Prayer Book
125
Fill in the blank: The chantries were regarded by Protestant thinkers as centers of _______.
superstition
126
What was the impact of the greater availability of translated texts?
Influenced the opinions, ideas, and attitudes of contemporaries
## Footnote
This availability also ensured the support of the Welsh for Elizabeth and her Protestant church in England.
127
How did translated texts contribute to religious outcomes?
Enabled Welsh souls to be saved
128
Name a reform associated with Edward.
Edward's reforms
129
What significant religious event followed Edward's reforms?
Counter-reformation of Mary
130
What was the Elizabeth Church Settlement?
A significant religious settlement in England under Elizabeth
131
Fill in the blank: The translated texts acted as a _______ for change.
catalyst
132
Fill in the blank: The translated texts built upon the foundations of _______.
previous religious texts
133
True or False: The translated texts presided over irreversible change.
True
134
What does it mean to say an event was a turning point?
It signifies a significant change in direction or outcome
135
What is one effect of the translated texts on the Welsh population?
Increased support for Elizabeth's Protestant church
