Key Terms Flashcards
(22 cards)
Neurons 86
Neurons — the individual cells in the nervous system that receive integrate and transmit information.
Axon 87
Axon — a long thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands.
Demdrites 87
Dendrites — parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
Glia 87
Glia — cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons.
Supply nourishment to neurons
Remove neurons’ waste
Insulate axons (myelin sheaths)
Develop nervous system in embryo
Myelin Sheath 87
Myelin Sheath — insulating material, derived from glial cells, that encases some axons.
Soma 87
Soma — cell body
Contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells.
Synapse 87
Synapse — junction where information is transmitted from one neuron or another.
Terminal buttons 87
Terminal buttons — small knobs that secret chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Absolute refractory 88
Absolute refractory — the minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin
Action potential 88
Action potential — a very brief shift in the neuron’s eclectic charge that travels along an axon.
Resting potential 88
Resting potential — it’s stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive.
Neurotransmitter 89
Neurons transmitter — chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another.
Synaptic Cleft 88
Synaptic cleft — the microscopic gap between a terminal button of the presynaptic neuron and the dentrite of the postsynaptic neuron.
Excitatory PSP 90
Excitatory PSP — a positive voltage shift that increases the probability postsynaptic neuron will fire action potential.
Inhibitory PSP 90
Inhibitory PSP — a negative voltage shift that decreases the probability that the postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials.
Postsynaptic potential 90
Postsynaptic potential — refers to the voltage change at a receptor site on a postsynaptic cell membrane.
Reputable 90
Reuptake — a process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane
Agonist 93
Agonist — chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.
Antagonist 93
Antagonist — I chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter.
Endorphins 94
Endorphins — internally produced chemicals that resemble opioids in structure and effects.
Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley 88
Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley 88 -
1952
Experiments showed:
1.)What happens when a neuron is stimulated?
2.)What is the nature of the signal – neural impulse – that moves through the neuron?
Experimented on squid:
cell membrane is semipermeable – Permits flow of some ions.
+Sodium +Potassium; -Chloride ions flow at different rates.
The different flow rates creates a negative charge that is held in the cell like a battery
this regular negative charge is known as the Resting Potential of a Neuron 88.
Candace Pert & Solomon Snyder 94
Candace Pert & Solomon Snyder 94 -- 1973 Experiments showed: Nervous system must have its own endogenous (internally produced), morphine-like substances. (endorphines 94)
