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Botany > Key terms for midterm > Flashcards

Key terms for midterm Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

sporophyte

A

diploid stage in the plant life cycle (produces sporocytes)

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2
Q

sporophyll

A

a leaf that produces spores (remember ‘phyll’ means leaf)

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3
Q

sporangium

A

an enclosure where spores are formed

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4
Q

spores

A

reproductive cell

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5
Q

sporocyte

A

spore making cell (produces spores)

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6
Q

capsule

A

where sporangia is housed (sporophyte stage)

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7
Q

seta

A

stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte. connects sporophyte to gametophyte

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8
Q

gametophyte

A

sexual phase in the life cycle of plants

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9
Q

gametangia

A

organ or cell where gametes are produced

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10
Q

archegonia

A

female reproductive organ in mosses or ferns

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11
Q

antheridia

A

male reproductive organ in mosses or ferns

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12
Q

protonema

A

thread like chain of cells that form the earliest stage of gametophyte development in mosses

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13
Q

homosporous

A

producing one kind of spore only

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14
Q

heterosporous

A

produce male and female spores

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15
Q

strobili

A

cones. sporangia bearing structures

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16
Q

bryophytes

A

seedless non vascular plants

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17
Q

polypodiophytes

A

seedless vascular plants

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18
Q

gymnosperms

A

seed bearing vascular plants. (naked seed)

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19
Q

angiosperms

A

seed bearing vascular plants (flowering plants) (container seed)

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20
Q

monocots

A

single cotyledon on seed. flower in multiples of 3

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21
Q

dicots or eudicots

A

two cotyledon on seed. flower in multiples of 4 or 5

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22
Q

receptacle

A

where all flower whorls are attached

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23
Q

perianth

A

collective of calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals)

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24
Q

sepals

A

outer whorl on a flower (collectively known as calyx)

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25
petals
2nd whorl from outside of flower (collectively known as corolla)
26
stamen (aka androecium)
pollen producing part of flower (male) (Filament and anther)
27
pistil (aka gynoecium)
ovary and seed producing part of flower (female) (Stigma style ovary)
28
calyx
collective of all the sepals on a flower
29
corolla
collective of all the petals on a flower
30
ovary
houses ovules
31
ovule
organ that forms seeds in a flower
32
antipodal cells
cells inside ovary. makes up 3 of the 8 cells. function unknown, degenerate after fertilization
33
polar nuclei / central cell nuclei
the cells which one of the 2 sperm cells fuses with. forms the triploid endosperm. (3)
34
syndergids
cells lying adjacent to egg in a flower, provide tube guidance
35
imbibition
uptake of water through a membrane
36
radicle
embryonic root
37
plumule
embryonic shoot. tip of epicotyl that gives rise to leaves
38
epicotyl
part of seedling that lies above the cotyledons when plant begins to emerge post germination
39
hypocotyl
stem of germinating seedling. below the cotyledons and above the radicle (root)
40
cotyledons
supplies nutrition to embryo
41
meristem
type of tissue found in plants. capable of growth and division
42
endosperm
food source for developing sporophyte embryo. in gymnosperms it is haploid. in angiosperms it is triploid.
43
coleorhiza
sheath protecting the root on grasses. covers radicle and root tip
44
coleoptile
sheath protecting the root on grasses. covers plumule
45
protoderm
dermal tissue. thin outer layer of meristem in embryos and growing points of roots and shoots. gives rise to epidermis
46
ground meristem
Pith, cortex. basic primary tissue of the growing tip of root or stem. forms ground tissue. parenchyma, sclerenchyma and collenchyma
47
procambium
meristematic tissue that provides primary xylem and primary phloem
48
cuticle
protecting film on outside of leaf
49
pith
spongy white tissue in the centre of stems. also the white part of oranges
50
cortex
ground tissue. surrounds the vascular tissue in the centre of a root
51
parenchyma
Photosynthesis. least specialized. thin walled with space for CO2. perform photosynthesis, storage
52
sclerenchyma
dead at maturity. before protoplast dies a secondary wall is produced that contains lignin.
53
collenchyma
provides support. think celery strand pieces
54
vascular cambium
produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem
55
cork cambium
produces cork and secondary cortex
56
intercalary
occurs on the internodes. only in monocot stems
57
root hair
extension of epidermal cells that enhance water absorption
58
trichome
epidermal cells of stems and leaves
59
stomata
present in epidermal layer. pores used for gas exchange
60
lignin
enhances plant wall rigidity
61
sclereids
thickened sclerenchyma cells
62
fibers
found in cortex, pericycle, xylem and phloem. provides mechanical strength
63
pits
water transport (tracheids)
64
perforated plates
water transport (vessels)
65
sieve tube members
living cells that do not contain nucleus. transport carbohydrates throughout the plant
66
companion cells
keep sieve tube alive
67
axillary bud
embryonic shoot on the axil of a leaf
68
axil
space between leaf and stem
69
blade
'leafy' part of a leaf
70
petiole
'stem' part on a leaf
71
node
area on a stem where buds are located
72
internode
space between 2 nodes
73
epidermis
composed of a single layer of tightly packed cells. usually has a waxy cuticle so it helps prevent water loss. protection
74
suberin
physical barrier. prevents water loss. aids in wound healing
75
pericycle
heterogeneous non vascular tissue that is divided into two populations. one at xylem pole and one at phloem pole.
76
stipules
kind of like a thorn on a stem
77
xylem
vascular tissue that transports water upwards
78
phloem
vascular tissue that transports nutrients throughout the plant
79
mesophyll
inner tissue of a leaf
80
palisade
right below epidermis and cuticle. right above mesophyll.
81
spongy meosphyll
inner tissue covered by a thin layer of water

Botany (4 decks)

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