kidney structure and function

Question 1

renal pelvis

Answer 1

upper part of ureter that extends into the kidney

Question 2

males urethra

Answer 2

20 cm long
passes through prostate glnd

Question 3

females urethra

Answer 3

4 cm long
sits in front of vaginal wall

more prone to UTIs because shorter

Question 4

kidney location

Answer 4

posterior abdominal wall

Question 5

outer area of kidneys

Answer 5

cortex

Question 6

inner area of kidney

Answer 6

medulla (renal pyramids)

Question 7

kidney receives blood through _____ ________

Answer 7

renal artery

Question 8

how much blood does kidney receive every minute

Answer 8

1200 mL

per day about 200 quarts

Question 9

renal function is ______ on blood flow to kidney and how efficiently kidneys filter blood

Answer 9

dependent

Question 10

blood leaves the kidney through the

Answer 10

renal vein

Question 11

renal artery will break up into thousands of smaller branches known as

Answer 11

afferent arterioles

-these carry blood to nephrons

-larger and create hydrostatic pressure needed for filtration

Question 12

leaving heart blood flow

Answer 12

heart
aorta
renal artery
afferent arterioles
nephron

Question 13

returning to heart flow

Answer 13

nephron
efferent arterioles
inferior vena cava
heart

Question 14

functional unit of the kidney

Answer 14

nephron

-urine is formed here
-composed of glomerulus and renal tubules

Question 15

flow of movement in nephron

Answer 15

glomerulus to bowman’s capsule to proximal tubule to loop of henle to distal tubule

Question 16

urine formation begins in the

Answer 16

glomerulus

-basement membrane is a filter

-urine formation begins here

Question 17

the glomerulus is surrounded by

Answer 17

bowman’s capsule

semi-permeable

Question 18

albumin

Answer 18

negatively charged so to prevent it from passing through glomerulus has shield of negativity

REPELS

early sign of diabetes is albumin in urine

Question 19

how much filtrate is produced in the glomerulus daily

Answer 19

180 liters

but only 1-2 liters becomes urine
-most is reabsorbed back to blood

Question 20

what is filtered out of blood into the urine

Answer 20

water
ions
nitrogenous wastes
small molecules
creatinine
urochrome -makes pee yellow

Question 21

not filtered out in blood (in plasma)

Answer 21

formed elements
albumin

Question 22

where does reabsorption start

Answer 22

proximal convoluted tubule

80% of electrolytes pass through will get reabsorbed into bloodstream

-can be active or passive

Question 23

glucose threshold

Answer 23

160-180

Question 24

things reabsorbed in blood stream in proximal

Answer 24

water, Na, CL, glucose, bicarb

Question 25

loop of henle main function

Answer 25

reduce volume of urine while reabsorbing Na and CL

Question 26

descending loop

Answer 26

concentrating portion permeable to H20 -moved out of loop impermeable to most solutes

Question 27

ascending loop

Answer 27

diluting portion secretes Na and CL prevents water loss

Question 28

where does reabsorption of bicarb ions take place

Answer 28

proximal tubules -done in order to maintain blood pH of 7.4 bicarb exchanged for Cl

Question 29

Na and K have a

Answer 29

inverse relationship

Question 30

distal convoluted tubule 2 main function

Answer 30

final reabsorption of Na and H2O maintain acid/base balance

Question 31

main function of aldosterone

Answer 31

keep Na at expense of K aldosterone released by adernal gland Na follows aldosterone

Question 32

vasopressin released by

Answer 32

pituitary gland

Question 33

Na and Cl seem to always go in same direction but this only happens if

Answer 33

acid base balance

Question 34

collecting duct

Answer 34

final site to either concentrate or dilute as needed ADH and aldosterone directing

Question 35

what is reabsorbed in collecting duct

Answer 35

chloride and urea reabsorbed

Question 36

function of renin-angiotension-aldosterone system

Answer 36

regulate blood flow to and within glomerulus -how kidney sense

Question 37

juxtaglomerular apparatus monitos 2 things

Answer 37

changes in systemic blood pressure sodium content of blood plasma -sodium major driver of osmolality

Question 38

if low sodium plasma

Answer 38

decreases water retention decrease overall blood volume decrease BP

Question 39

enzyme produced by kidney

Answer 39

renin convert angiotensin to angiotensin 1

Question 40

angiotensin 1

Answer 40

inactive hormone passes though lungs gets converted to angiotension 2 (active version)

Question 41

angiotensin 2

Answer 41

causes vasodilation of afferent arterioles and constriction of efferent

Question 42

what does angiotension release

Answer 42

aldosterone- reabsorption of Na2+ releases ADH/vasopression

Question 43

increase in body hydration

Answer 43

decrease ADH increase urine volume

Question 44

decrease body hydration

Answer 44

increases ADH decrease urine volume

Question 45

increase in aldosterone

Answer 45

increase Na decrease K

Question 46

decrease aldosterone

Answer 46

decrease Na increase K