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UROLOGY > KIDNEY: TUMOURS > Flashcards

KIDNEY: TUMOURS Flashcards

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1
Q

🩺 IOC for RENAL CYST

A

CECT

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2
Q

BOSNIAK CLASSIFICATION is used for

A

RENAL CYSTS

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3
Q

BOSNIAK CLASSIFICATION

A
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4
Q

Benign tumours of KIDNEY

A
  1. Angiomyolipoma
  2. Papillary Adenoma
  3. Oncocytoma
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5
Q

Angiomyolipoma is ASSOCIATED with

A

Tuberous SCLEROSIS

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6
Q

Tuberous SCLEROSIS
🧠⚡ ASH⚡

A
  1. Ashleaf spots
  2. Shagreen Patch
  3. Macules
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7
Q

Angiomyolipoma arises from

A

Perivascular epitheloid cells

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8
Q

🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of ANGIOMYOLIPOMA

🧠⚡50-60 yrs⚡

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Pain
  3. Massive RETROPERITONEAL Hemorrhage
  4. Lenk’s triad
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9
Q

Wunderlich Syndrome
⭐ ASSOCIATED with

A

Acute onset of spontaneous, nontraumatic renal hemorrhage into the subcapsular and perirenal spaces.

⭐ LENK’S TRIAD

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10
Q

Lenk’s TRIAD
🧠⚡MPS⚡

A
  1. Mass Flank
  2. Pain
  3. Shock (HYPOTENSION)
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11
Q

🩺 IOC of ANGIOMYOLIPOMA

A

CECT
⬇️
Shows: LOW DENSITY FAT

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12
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of ANGIOMYOLIPOMA

⭐ < 4cm & Asymptomatic
⭐ Bleeding ➕
⭐ > 4cm & Symptomatic

A

⭐ < 4cm & Asymptomatic
🎯 OBSERVATION with SERIAL CT Scan

⭐ Bleeding ➕
🎯 Angioembolization ➡️ Partial NEPHRECTOMY

⭐ > 4cm & Symptomatic
🎯 PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY

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13
Q

Renal Papillary Adenoma presents as

A

Yellow Plaques (CORTICAL)

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14
Q

Benign Tumour of KIDNEY with HIGH RISK OF SPONTANEOUS HEMORRHAGE

A

ANGIOMYOLIPOMA

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15
Q

⚡⚡ MOST COMMON BENIGN TUMOUR OF KIDNEY

A

Oncocytoma

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16
Q

Oncocytes are SEEN in:

A
  1. Parotid Gland
  2. Kidney
  3. Thyroid
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17
Q

Oncocytes specific to THYROID Gland is known as

A

Hurthle cell (OR) ASHKENAZY cells

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18
Q

Familial Form of ONCOCYTOMA

A

Birt Hogg Dube Syndrome

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19
Q

Birt Hogg Dube Syndrome is ASSOCIATED with which gene

A

⭐ BHD gene
⭐ Chromosome 17

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20
Q

Birt Hogg Dube Syndrome

🧠⚡CHIPs FAT⚡

A
  1. Cancers: GI, RCC Thyroid
  2. Hidradenoma
  3. Intestinal POLYPOSIS
  4. Fibrofolliculomas
  5. Acrocordons
  6. Trichodiscomas

KIDNEY:
7. ONCOCYTOMA
8. Chromphobe RCC

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21
Q

🩺 IOC for ONCOCYTOMA

⭐ FINDING

A

CECT
⬇️
Central STELLATE SCAR ➕

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22
Q

Central STELLATE SCAR is seen in

🧠⚡SOF CR⚡

A
  1. Serous Cystadenoma of Pancreas
  2. ONCOCYTOMA
  3. Focal NODULAR HYPERPLASIA of Liver
  4. Chromophobe RCC
    Fibrolamellar variant of bcc
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23
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of ONCOCYTOMA

A

Bosniak 3 ➕: Partial NEPHRECTOMY

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24
Q

Synonyms of RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

A
  1. Grawitz Tumour
  2. Hypernephroma
  3. Internist’s Tumour
  4. Renal ADENOCARCINOMA
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25
⚒️ RISK FACTOR for RCC 🧠⚡PHOTo of C&D ⚡
1. Petroleum Products / Protein intake ⬆️ 2. HYPERTENSION 3. Obesity 4. Tuberous Sclerosis / Thorotrast Exposure 5. O: Diabetes mellitus 6. Smoking 7. CKD & DIALYSIS
26
⚡⚡ MOST Significant ⚒️ RISK FACTOR For RCC
Smoking
27
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON MODE OF INHERITENCE 💉 of RCC
SPORADIC
28
VARIENT of RCC
29
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON VARIENT of RCC ⚡⚡ 2nd MOST COMMON VARIENT of RCC
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON VARIENT of RCC 🎯 CLEAR CELL RCC ⚡⚡ 2nd MOST COMMON VARIENT of RCC 🎯 Papillary RCC
30
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH FAMILIAL RCC
Von Hippel Lindau
31
🧬 MODE OF INHERITENCE 💉 of VHL ⭐ Chromosome
AD ⭐ TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENE ⭐ Chromosome 3
32
VHL gene encodes for
UBIQUITIN LIGASE COMPLEX
33
VHL is ASSOCIATED with which VARIENT of RCC
1. Clear Cell RCC 2. Hereditary Papillary RCC
34
Which Syndrome is ASSOCIATED with ⬆️ Risk of CHROMOPHOBE RCC
Birt Hogg Dube Syndrome
35
HLRCC 🧬 MODE OF INHERITENCE 💉 ⭐ Gene mutation
Hereditary LEIOMYOMATOSIS & RCC ⭐ AD ⭐ FUMERATE HYDRATASE 4
36
Papillary RCC ➕ UTERINE LEIOMYOMATOSIS (Fibroid)
HLRCC
37
HPRCC ⭐ GENE 🧬 MODE OF INHERITENCE 💉
⭐ MET Proto-oncogene ⭐ AD
38
Other Mutations ASSOCIATED with RCC
1. Loss of CHROMOSOME 4 2. HYPOPLOIDY 3. TRISOMY 7 & 17
39
VON HIPPEL LINDAU Syndrome 🧠⚡ VHL⚡ 🧠⚡CAR PEEP⚡
⭐ VHL gene ⭐ Hemangioblastoma / HIF 1 alpha ⭐ Lots of CATECHOLAMINES: Pheochromocytoma C-Cerebellar Hemangioma A- Retinal Angioblastoma R - Renal Cell Carcinoma P-Pheochromocytoma E - Epidydymal nodule and tumour E-Endolymphatic sac tumour P-Pancreatic endocrine tumour and cyst
40
Deletion of Chromosome 3p & 6p is ASSOCIATED with
Clear cell RCC
41
RCC ASSOCIATED with LONG TERM DIALYSIS
Micropapillary VARIENT of PAPILLARY RCC
42
Psammoma bodies are ASSOCIATED with which RCC
Papillary RCC
43
Psamomma Bodies Also known as: 🧠⚡P³SM² ⚡
P = Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid, Papillary RCC, Prolactinoma S = Serous Cystadenocarcinoma Ovary M = Meningioma / Mesothelioma Note: They are characteristic spherules of calcification seen in the above tumors. They are also know as Calcosperites.
44
Microscopy of CLEAR CELL RCC
1. Polygonal cell with CLEAR CYTOPLASM (PAS ➕) 2. Oil RED O ➕ ( means LIPIDS are ➕)
45
CMET mutation is ASSOCIATED with
Papillary RCC
46
RCC VARIENT presenting as ⭐ SOLITARY & U/L & UPPER POLE ⭐ MULTIFOCAL & B/L
⭐ SOLITARY & U/L & UPPER POLE 🎯 Clear Cell RCC ⭐ MULTIFOCAL & B/L 🎯 Papillary RCC
47
⭐ Most ANGIO-INVASIVE VARIENT OF RCC ⭐ Most ANGIO-INVASIVE TUMOUR OF BODY
⭐ Most ANGIO-INVASIVE VARIENT OF RCC 🎯 PAPILLARY RCC ⭐ Most ANGIO-INVASIVE TUMOUR OF BODY 🎯 RCC
48
RCC ASSOCIATED with DIALYSIS
Papillary RCC
49
CHROMOPHILIC RCC is also known as
Papillary RCC
50
IHC Markers of ⭐ PAPILLARY RCC ⭐ CLEAR CELL RCC
⭐ PAPILLARY RCC 🎯 VIMENTIN 🎯 CYTOKERATIN ⭐ CLEAR CELL RCC 🎯 CYTOKERATIN 7
51
⭐ BEST PROGNOSIS with which RCC ⭐ WORST PROGNOSIS with which RCC
⭐ BEST PROGNOSIS with which RCC 🎯 Chromophobe RCC ⭐ WORST PROGNOSIS with which RCC 🎯 COLLECTING DUCT (OR) BELLINI DUCT RCC
52
Tan Brown GROSS appearance is seen with which RCC
Chromophobe RCC
53
Plant like Cells & Resin like Nucleus os Characteristic feature of
Chromophobe RCC
54
HALE'S COLLOIDAL IRON is used to stain which RCC
Chromophobe RCC
55
Loss of MULTIPLE CHROMOSOMES (1, 2, 6, 10 & 13) ASSOCIATED with
Chromophobe RCC
56
Electron MICROSCOPY showing NUMEROUS MICROVESICLES (150-300nm) is Characteristic feature of which RCC
Chromophobe RCC
57
H&E of COLLECTING DUCT (OR) BELLINI DUCT RCC
1. Hobnail cells 2. Extensive DESMOPLASIA
58
Hobnail cells are Characteristic FEATURE of
Collecting DUCT RCC
59
RCC ASSOCIATED with SICKLE CELL TRAIT
MEDULLARY RCC
60
Childhood RCC is ASSOCIATED with
TFE3 gene mutation in Chromosome Xp11.2
61
REED Syndrome 🧠⚡Feels Like Renal⚡
Feels: Fumerate Hydratase 4 gene mutation Like: LEIOMYOMATOSIS Renal: RCC (Chromophobe)
62
Triad of RCC
1. Mass 2. Pain 3. Hematuria
63
Pulsatile BONY METASTASIS is seen in
RCC
64
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON presentation OF RCC
Hematuria
65
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON SITE OF DISTANT METASTASIS IN RCC
Lung: Canon Ball METASTASIS
66
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME OF RCC
Increased ESR
67
STAUFFER SYNDROME
PARANEOPLASTIC syndrome in RCC ⭐ NON-METASTATIC HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION ✨ ⬆️ IL6 ✨ ⬆️ Bilirubin ✨ ⬆️ ALP ✨ ⬆️ Liver Enzymes
68
PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME of RCC 🧠⚡SH²A²P²E² C² ⚡
69
🩺 IOC for RCC 🩺 IOC for staging RCC
CECT
70
Indications of BIOPSY in RCC
1. Non-operative TUMOUR 2. Metastatic TUMOUR
71
Indications of CT ANGIOGRAM in RCC
Involvement along RENAL VEIN in RCC
72
⭐ STAGING of RCC done by ⭐ PATHOLOGICAL STAGING of RCC done by ⭐ GRADING SYSTEM of RCC 🧠⚡ GF⚡
⭐ STAGING of RCC done by 🎯 TNM ⭐ PATHOLOGICAL STAGING of RCC done by 🎯 ROBSON STAGING ⭐ GRADING SYSTEM of RCC 🎯 FUHRMANN GRAFING SYSTEM
73
TNM STAGING OF RCC 🧠⚡ 4 & 7⚡
74
⚡⚡ RCC: Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy senstivity ⚡⚡ Wilm's: Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy senstivity
⚡⚡ RCC: Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy senstivity 🎯 RADIORESISTANT & CHEMORESISTANT ⚡⚡ Wilm's: Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy senstivity 🎯 RADIOSENSITIVE & CHEMOSENSITIVE
75
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of RCC 🧠⚡Surgery ⚡
76
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of METASTATIC RCC
1. Debulking surgery 2. mTOR ⛔: Sirolimus, Everolimus 3. Sunitinib & Sorafenib 4. IL-2
77
⚡⚡ MOST IMPORTANT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR OF RCC ⚡⚡ MOST IMPORTANT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR OF WILMS TUMOUR
⚡⚡ MOST IMPORTANT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR OF RCC 🎯 Tumour Grading ⚡⚡ MOST IMPORTANT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR OF WILMS TUMOUR 🎯 HISTOLOGY (BLASTEMAL Component)
78
Cryoablation for RENAL TUMOURS Done in:
1. T1a 2. Metastatic Tumours
79
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON PEDIATRIC RENAL MALIGNANCY
WILMS TUMOUR
80
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON ABDOMINAL MALIGNANCY IN CHILDREN ⚡⚡ 2nd MOST COMMON ABDOMINAL MALIGNANCY IN CHILDREN
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON ABDOMINAL MALIGNANCY IN CHILDREN 🎯 NEUROBLASTOMA ⚡⚡ 2nd MOST COMMON ABDOMINAL MALIGNANCY IN CHILDREN 🎯 WILMS TUMOUR
81
Synonyms of WILMS TUMOUR
Nephroblastoma
82
Syndromes ASSOCIATED with WILMS TUMOUR 🧠⚡By D Way ⚡
1. Beckwidth Wiedmann Syndrome 2. Denys Darsh Syndrome 3. WAGR SYNDROME
83
Beckwidth Wiedmann Syndrome
84
Denys Darsh Syndrome
85
WAGR SYNDROME
1. WILMS TUMOUR 2. Aniridia 3. Genitourinary Malformation 4. Retardation Mental
86
Two HIT HYPOTHESIS is applicable on
1. Retinoblastoma 2. WAGR 3. Denys Darsh Syndrome
87
BECKWIDTH WIEDMANN SYNDROME ⭐ Genetic Cause
Genomic Imprinting ⭐ IGF1 over expression on WT2 Region
88
Classical Triad of WILMS TUMOUR
Abdominal Mass ➕ Fever ➕ Hematuria
89
How will you DISTINGUISH RCC & WILMS TUMOUR based on PAIN
Painful is RCC Painless WILMS
90
How will you DISTINGUISH RCC & WILMS TUMOUR based on FEVER
Fever is ➕ only in WILMS
91
DISTINGUISH between RCC vs WILMS vs RVT 🧠⚡HuMP⚡
92
Precursor lesion of WILMS TUMOUR
Nephrogenic Cell Rest
93
WILMS TUMOUR is ASSOCIATED with MUTATION OF 🧠⚡ TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENE⚡
WT1: chromosome 11p13 WT2: chromosome 11p15
94
🩺 IOC for WILMS TUMOUR
CECT
95
Staging of WILMS TUMOUR
96
Differentiate BETWEEN WILMS & NEUROBLASTOMA
97
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of WILMS TUMOUR 🧠⚡NWTSG: SCRipt & SIOP⚡
98
Chemotherapy in WILMS 🧠⚡CVD ⚡
1. Cyclophosphamide 2. Vincristine 3. Dactinomycin
99
TRIPHASIC PATTERN is characteristic of
WILMS TUMOUR
100
WILMS TUMOUR 🧠⚡BEST⚡
101
H&E of WILMS TUMOUR
Homerwright Pseudo-rossettes
102
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON SITE OF NEUROBLASTOMA
Adrenal Gland
103
BEST INVESTIGATION for NEUROBLASTOMA
Nuclear SCAN with I-123 MIBG detects TUMOUR & METASTASIS accurately
104
PROGNOSTIC Factors for NEUROBLASTOMA
105
Difference BETWEEN Psammoma bodies & Keratin Pearls
106
Tumours undergoing SPONTANEOUS REGRESSION 🧠💡MR NCR💡
1. Medulloblastoma 2. RCC 3. Neuroblastoma 4. Choriocarcinoma 5. Retinoblastoma

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