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URETHRA & PENIS Flashcards

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1
Q

⭐ Length of MALE URETHRA

⭐ Length of FEMALE URETHRA

A

⭐ Length of MALE URETHRA
🎯 18-21 cm

⭐ Length of FEMALE URETHRA
🎯 3-4 cm

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2
Q

Parts of URETHRA
🧠⚡ PM-BP⚡

A
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3
Q

⭐ Proximal URETHRA means

⭐ Distal URETHRA means

A

⭐ Proximal URETHRA means
🎯 Prostatic Urethra ➕ Membranous Urethra

⭐ Distal URETHRA means
🎯 Bulbar Urethra ➕ Penile Urethra

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4
Q

⚡⚡ MOST DISTENSIBLE PRT OF URETHRA

⚡⚡ LEAST DISTENSIBLE PRT OF URETHRA

A

⚡⚡ MOST DISTENSIBLE PRT OF URETHRA
🎯 PROSTATIC Urethra

⚡⚡ LEAST DISTENSIBLE PRT OF URETHRA
🎯 MEMBRANOUS Urethra

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5
Q

⚡⚡ LONGEST PART of URETHRA

⚡⚡ SMALLEST PART of URETHRA

A

⚡⚡ LONGEST PART of URETHRA
🎯 Penile URETHRA

⚡⚡ SMALLEST PART of URETHRA
🎯 Membranous URETHRA

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6
Q

⚡⚡ MOST COMMON PART OF URETHRA to get injured in TRAUMA

A

BULBAR URETHRA

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7
Q

⚡⚡ MOST NARROWEST PART OF URETHRA

A

External Urinary Meatus

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8
Q

Veromontanum (OR) Seminal Colliculus

A

Raised Portion distal to PROSTATIC URETHRA

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9
Q

Distal limit in TURP (Chances of INCONTINENCE ⬆️ if injured distal to this point)

A

Veromontanum

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10
Q

Layers of PENIS

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial Fascia (DARTOS)
  3. Areolar tissue
  4. Deep Fascia (BUCK’S)
  5. TUNICA ALBUGINEA
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11
Q

If tunica albuginea ruptures during TRAUMA, leads to

A

Fracture PENIS

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12
Q

⭐ Single VENTRAL Cylinder in PENIS

⭐ PAIRED Dorsal Cylinder in PENIS

A

⭐ Single VENTRAL Cylinder in PENIS
🎯 CORPUS SPONGIOSUM

⭐ PAIRED Dorsal Cylinder in PENIS
🎯 CORPORA CAVERNOSA

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13
Q

URETHRA passes through which cylinder in PENIS

A

Corpus Spongiosum

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14
Q

PHIMOSIS
Meaning

A

Inability to retract FORESKIN

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15
Q

PHIMOSIS is PHYSIOLOGICAL TILL AGE

A

2years (In some: 6yrs)

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16
Q

🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of PHIMOSIS

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Symptomatic
    ✨ Balloning of Foreskin while passing urine
    ✨ UTI Recurrent
    ✨ Balanoposthitis (Infection of the GLANS Penis (OR) Prepuce)
    ✨ Hydronephrosis
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17
Q

Indications for SURGERY in PHIMOSIS

A
  1. All Symptomatic cases
  2. > 6yrs ➕ Asymptomatic
  3. Religious reasons
  4. Therapeutic (in Penile Cancer to give Radiotherapy)
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18
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of PHIMOSIS

🧠⚡ PGS⚡

A

Surgery:
1. Conventional CIRCUMCISION
2. Plastibel
3. Gomco clamps
4. Staplers

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19
Q

INCISION to Foreskin is always given

A

DORSALLY

✨ Ventral Incision is not given DUE TO:
1. FRENULAR Vessels ➕
2. Urethra ➕

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20
Q

COMPLICATIONS of CIRCUMCISION

A
  1. Hemorrhage: Frenular Vessels
  2. Infections
  3. CHORDEE: Bending of Penis
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21
Q

PARAPHIMOSIS
🧠⚡PARA⚡

A

Foreskin forms CONSTRICTION RING around the PENIS (ex: After Catheterization)

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22
Q

🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of PARAPHIMOSIS

A

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

  1. Swollen Edematous Foreskin
  2. CONSTRICTION of Penis
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23
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of PARAPHIMOSIS

A
  1. Apply JELLY & Deposit Foreskin
  2. Ice bags & Gentle Compression
  3. Puncture in Swollen Foreskin
  4. Dorsal slit procedure
  5. Circumcision
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24
Q

⚡⚡ MOST COMMON CONGENITAL UROGENITAL ANOMALY

A

Hypospadias

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25
Hypospadias Meaning
Urethral Opening is present BELOW (Ventrally Placed)
26
ASSOCIATIONS OF HYPOSPADIAS
1. Cryptorchidism 2. Inguinal Hernia 3. Micropenis
27
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON & MILDEST FORM OF HYPOSPADIAS ⚡⚡ MOST SEVERE FORM OF HYPOSPADIAS
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON & MILDEST FORM OF HYPOSPADIAS 🎯 Glanular HYPOSPADIAS ⚡⚡ MOST SEVERE FORM OF HYPOSPADIAS 🎯 PERINEAL
28
Types of HYPOSPADIAS 🧠⚡Distal: GCS ⚡ 🧠⚡Mid: MiD ⚡ 🧠⚡Proximal: PPSP⚡
29
🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of HYPOSPADIAS
1. Downward Directed Stream of Urine 2. Difficulty during Intercourse 3. INFERTILITY 4. Chordee: Bent penis 5. Hooded Prepuce
30
Rule: More Proximal the HYPOSPADIAS,
1. More SEVERE Clinical Manifestations 2. More SEVERE Chordee
31
Chordee
Bent penis
32
Best time for Surgery in HYPOSPADIAS
6-12 months
33
Principles of SURGERY in HYPOSPADIAS 🧠⚡SOGU⚡
1. Skin cover 2. Orthoplasty: Chordee Correction 3. Glanuloplaty 4. URETHROPLASTY: Re-position Urethral Opening & Tubularise Urethra
34
Any GENITAL SURGERY in a child should always be done before
18 months (1.5yrs) ⭐ at 18 months, develops Genital Awareness
35
Surgeries for HYPOSPADIAS
36
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON COMPLICATION OF HYPOSPADIAS SURGERY ⚡⚡ MOST COMMON LONG TERM COMPLICATION OF HYPOSPADIAS SURGERY
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON COMPLICATION OF HYPOSPADIAS SURGERY 🎯 Urethrocutaneous Fistula ⚡⚡ MOST COMMON LONG TERM COMPLICATION OF HYPOSPADIAS SURGERY 🎯 Stricture Formation
37
COMPLICATION OF HYPOSPADIAS SURGERY
✨ Urethrocutaneous fistula ✨ Hemorrhage ✨ Infection ✨ Chordee recurrance ✨ Stricture Formation
38
EPISPADIAS 🧠⚡ pEE: when you have Epispadias, you hit your Eye when you pEE"⚡
Abnormal opening of penile urethra on dorasl surface of penis due to faulty positioning of the genital tubercle ✨ Exstrophy of the bladder is associated with Epispadias
39
ECTOPIA VESICAE Synonyms
✨ Bladder EXOSTROPHY ✨ ⚡⚡ MOST Severe form of EPISPADIAS
40
MOST Severe form of EPISPADIAS
ECTOPIA vesicae
41
ASSOCIATIONS of ECTOPIA VESICAE
1. UNDESCENDED TESTIS 2. Bifid Clitoris 3. Congenital Hernias
42
Identify
ECTOPIA Vesicae
43
URETHRAL INJURY
44
Vermooten Sign ⭐ seen in
⭐ Proximal Urethra Injury: Per Rectal Examination ✨ High Riding Prostate / Floating Prostate
45
⭐ Signs of PROXIMAL URETHRA INJURY ⭐ Signs of DISTAL URETHRA INJURY
⭐ Signs of PROXIMAL URETHRA INJURY 🎯 deep Perineal Hematoma in Anterior Abdominal wall & Upper ⅓rd of THIGH ⭐ Signs of DISTAL URETHRA INJURY 🎯 BUTTERFLY HEMATOMA (involving PENIS & SCROTUM)
46
Straddle injury to Penis leads to
Distal URETHRA Injury
47
🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of URETHRAL INJURY 🧠⚡P²⚡
1. Passing Urine Difficulty 2. Passing Blood at TIP of MEATUS
48
🩺 IOC for URETHRAL INJURY
Retrograde URETHROGRAM (Contrast)
49
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON SITE OF URETHRAL INJURY
Bulbo-membranous junction
50
Foley's CATHETER is NEVER USED in Urethral Injury, Why?
Converts a PARTIAL TEAR into a FULL TEAR
51
Indications for SUPRAPUBIC CATHETERIZATION in URETHRAL INJURY
1. Inability to pass urine 2. Bladder is DISTENDED
52
Buccal MUCOSAL GRAFT used for URETHROPLASTY is known as
BARBAGLI'S TECHNIQUE
53
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of URETHRAL STRICTURE ⭐ SHORT & PARTIAL ⭐ SHORT & COMPLETE ⭐ LONG & COMPLETE
⭐ SHORT & PARTIAL 🎯 OPTICAL INTERNAL URETHROTOMY (OIU) (OR) VISUAL INTERNAL URETHROTOMY (VIU) ⭐ SHORT & COMPLETE 🎯 Spatulation & END to END Anastamosis ⭐ LONG & COMPLETE 🎯 URETHROPLASTY
54
🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of # SHAFT OF PENIS 🧠⚡Injury to CORPORA & TEAR in Tunica Albuginea⚡
1. Popping Sound ➡️ Penis becomes FLACCID 2. EGGPLANT Deformity ➕ (if HEMATOMA ➕)
55
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of # SHAFT OF PENIS
SURGERY Repair Tunica albuginea Repair CORPORA
56
AUBERGINE SIGN
Eggplant deformity in # SHAFT of Penis
57
Problem in POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES (PUV)
One way valves ⬇️ Does NOT allow the patient to PASS URINE
58
Classification used for PUV
Young's CLASSIFICATION
59
PUV CLASSIFICATION
60
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON Type of PUV
Type 1
61
Type 3 PUV is also known as
Cobb's Collar
62
🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of PUV
1. Recurrent UTI with SEPSIS 2. Hydronephrosis 3. Palpable ABDOMINAL MASS 4. ESRD
63
Identify
Keyhole deformity ⬇️ PUV
64
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of PUV
Endoscopic FULGRATION
65
PEYRONIE'S DISEASE Problem?
Calcific Deposition in the CORPORA CAVERNOSA
66
Cause of PEYRONIE'S DISEASE
1. Idiopathic 2. IgG4 related Disorder 3. Trauma
67
🩺 IOC for PEYRONIE'S DISEASE
CT/MRI
68
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of PEYRONIE'S DISEASE
Medical: Calcium Channel Blockers ⬇️ Surgical: NESBITT PROCEDURE
69
NESBITT PROCEDURE used for
PEYRONIE'S DISEASE ⭐ Non-absorbable suture bites are made on opposite side of bend ⬇️ Fibrosis on this side ⬇️ Balance out
70
Priapsim Definition
Prolonged & Painful ERECTION of PENIS > 4hrs
71
Ischemia (OR) Necrosis can occur in PRIAPISM, if erection lasts
> 6 hrs
72
Types of PRIAPISM
✨ High FLOW ✨ Low FLOW / Ischemic
73
Which type of PRIAPISM MOST COMMON
Low Flow
74
Which investigation is used to identify BLOCK in Low Flow PRIAPISM
ANGIOGRAPHY
75
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of PRIAPISM
1. Sedate the Patient 2. Inject Adrenaline / Phenylephrine ⬇️ ⬇️ if fails SHUNT SURGERY ✨ GRAY HACK SHUNT ✨ WINTER SHUNT
76
✨ GRAY HACK SHUNT 🧠⚡GCS ⚡
Corporo-Saphenous Shunt
77
✨ WINTER SHUNT 🧁WCG🧁
Corporo-Glanular Shunt
78
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of HIGH FLOW PRIAPISM DUE TO FISTULA
Embolization
79
Premalignant conditions leading to PENILE CANCER
1. Bowen's Disease 2. Erythroplasia of Queyrat 3. Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans 4. Genital Warts: HPV infection 5. Leukoplakia
80
⭐ Bowen's Disease presents as ⭐ Erythroplasia of Queyrat presents as
⭐ Bowen's Disease presents as 🎯 REDDISH PAPULES on SHAFT 🎯 SUNBURNT APPEARANCE ⭐ Erythroplasia of Queyrat presents as 🎯 REDDISH PAPULES on GLANS
81
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON GENE AFFECTED IN PENILE CANCER
P53
82
Buschke Lowenstein Tumour
✨ HPV Infection ✨ Slow Growing ✨ Grows Outwards ✨ Better Prognosis
83
🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of PENILE CANCER
1. Foul-smelling 2. Ulcero-proliferative growth 3. Inguinal Lymph node ENLARGEMENT
84
🩺 IOC for PENILE CANCER 🩺 IOC for STAGING of PENILE CANCER
🩺 IOC for PENILE CANCER 🎯 INCISIONAL BIOPSY (Avoid Biopsy from Necrotic Area) 🩺 IOC for STAGING of PENILE CANCER 🎯 MRI
85
Which staging is used for PENILE CANCER
Jackson's staging
86
JACKSON'S STAGING
T1: SKIN T2: CORPORA T3: URETHRA T4: ADJACENT STRUCTURES Involved
87
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of BOWEN'S DISEASE (OR) IN-SITU PENILE CANCER
5-FLUOROURACIL Cream
88
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of SLOW GROWING PENILE CANCER INVOLVING GLANS
Glansectomy
89
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PENILE CANCER
🎯 Distal CANCERS: Partial PENECTOMY 🎯 Proximal CANCERS with > 2cm STUMP: Partial PENECTOMY 🎯 Proximal CANCERS with < 2cm STUMP: Total Amputation with Perineal urethrostomy
90
Margin STATUS in PENILE CANCER
1cm Margin & 2cm STUMP should be left
91
Seen in
PIE in SKY appearance in IVP MEMBRANOUS URETHRA injury ✨ Elevation of the urinary bladder by a large pelvic hematoma also suggests urethral injury
92
Superior DISPLACEMENT of PROSTATE DOES NOT OCCUR Why?
PROSTATIC Urethra is DENSELY adhered to PUBIS via ✨ Puboprostatic Ligament ✨ UROGENITAL diaphragm
93
RIDIMG PROSTATE or FLOATING PROSTATE MEANING?
Apex of PROSTATE being ≥ +1 SD farther from ANAL VERGE
94
Which INVESTIGATION is preferred for ⭐ ANTERIOR URETHRA ⭐ POSTERIOR URETHRA
⭐ ANTERIOR URETHRA 🎯 RGU ⭐ POSTERIOR URETHRA 🎯 MCU
95
Fowler's SYNDROME seen in
♀️ with PCOS
96
Fowler's SYNDROME Problem
Abnormal MYOTONIC DISCHARGE OF URETHRAL SPHINCTER ⬇️ Functional Obstruction of URETHRA
97
🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of FOWLER'S SYNDROME
Urinary RETENTION
98
🩺 IOC for FOWLER'S SYNDROME
Emg
99
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of Fowler's SYNDROME
Sacral Neuromodulation
100
Identify
URETHRAL carbuncle
101
💊💉 MANAGEMENT of URETHRAL CARBUNCLE
Excision using CAUTERY
102
Soft Raspberry like PEDUNCULATED SWELLING in POSTERIOR URETHRAL WALL
Urethral CARBUNCLE

UROLOGY (12 decks)

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