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OrganHisto Exam Two > Kidneys > Flashcards

Kidneys Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is the location of the widening of the ureter?

A

Renal pelvis

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2
Q

What is the tip of each renal pyramid?

A

Renal papillae

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3
Q

The renal sinus contains portions of what type of tissue?

A

Adipose

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4
Q

What are the two general functioning regions of parenchyma of the kidneys?

A

Cortex and medulla

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5
Q

Medullary rays consist of what structures?

A

Loop of henle and collecting tubules (mostly in medulla though)

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6
Q

The medullary rays extend in what areas?

A

From medulla to cortex

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7
Q

What is contained in the cortex of the kidney?

A

Renal corpuscles, medullary rays, tubules

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8
Q

What is contained in the medulla of the kidney?

A

Renal pyramids and columns

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9
Q

How many renal pyramids are there per kidney?

A

8-12

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10
Q

What are the structures separating the renal pyramids?

A

Renal columns

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11
Q

How many major calyces are there per kidney?

A

2-3

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12
Q

Each kidney has how many nephrons?

A

About 1 million

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13
Q

What is the general function of the renal corpuscle?

A

Blood filtration

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14
Q

What are the two major parts of the renal corpuscle?

A

Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus

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15
Q

What makes up the parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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16
Q

What makes up the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Internal layer of podocytes

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17
Q

What is the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Urinary (capsular) space

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18
Q

What is the function of the urinary space of the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Receives filtered fluid from capillaries

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19
Q

Podocytes contain what structures that cover the glomerular capillaries creating filtration slits?

A

Pedicels

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20
Q

What is the structure of the glomerulus?

A

Fenestrated capillary network with a basement membrane

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21
Q

Where is the glomerulus located?

A

Between two arterioles

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22
Q

Why is it significant that the glomerulus is located in between two arterioles?

A

Tunica media is able to increase pressure to enhance filtration

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23
Q

What are mesangial cells?

A

Special cells found in renal corpuscles often present in areas lacking podocytes

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24
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up the capsule of the kidney?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dense irregular

25
What are the function of mesangial cells?
Capillary support Adjust capillary pressure for good filtration Phagocytosis of interfering materials Secrete various cytokines
26
What is the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT)?
Simple cuboidal with long microvilli
27
What is the location of the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT)?
Cortex of kidney
28
What are the functions of the proximal convoluted tubules?
Reabsorption of nutrients, proteins, water, and electrolytes (actively and passively) Secretion of organic molecules like H+, ammonia, bile salts, and some drugs
29
What are the three part of a renal corpuscle?
Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, mesangial cells
30
What makes up the Loop of Henle?
Thin limbs and thick ascending limbs
31
What is the epithelium of the thin limbs of the Loop of Henle?
Simple squamous
32
What is the location for the thin limbs of the Loop of Henle?
Medulla
33
What is the function of the thin limbs of the Loop of Henle?
Reabsorb Na+ and Cl- passively
34
What is the epithelium of the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?
Simple cuboidal (no microvilli)
35
What is the location of the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?
Medulla and medullary rays
36
What is the function of the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?
Reabsorb electrolytes (actively)
37
What is the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?
Simple cuboidal
38
What is the location of the distal convoluted tubule?
Cortex
39
What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorb electrolytes
40
What is the macula densa?
Special part of DCT at the vascular pole containing closely packed columnar cells
41
The macula densa is a part of what structure?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
42
What is the general function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)?
Regulate glomerular blood flow and glomerular filtrate
43
Which tubule has a shorter length?
Connecting tubule
44
What is the epithelium of the connecting tubule?
Simple squamous to simple cuboidal
45
What is the function of the connecting tubule?
Connect nephrons to collecting ducts
46
Are the collecting ducts a part of the nephron?
NO
47
What are the parts of the nephron?
Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, connecting tubule
48
What is the epithelium of the collecting ducts?
Simple cuboidal to simple columnar
49
What are the two cells types seen in the collecting ducts?
Principle cells and intercalated cells
50
What are the two other names for the principle cells?
Light cells = collecting duct cells
51
What is the most common cell type of the collecting ducts?
Principle cells
52
What is the location of the principle cells?
Medullary rays and medulla
53
What is the function of the principle cells?
Influence water and electrolyte movement | Influence K+ secretion
54
What is another name for the intercalated cells?
Dark cells
55
What is the location of the intercalated cells?
Medullary rays
56
What is the function of the intercalated cells?
Secretion of H+ or HCO3- to maintain pH balance
57
There are no intercalated cells by what renal structures?
Renal papillae
58
What is the course of structures after the collecting ducts?
Papillary ducts that lead to a renal papillae then finally to a minor calyx

OrganHisto Exam Two (5 decks)

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