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Kin Ch1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is kinematics?

A

the things that let us describe the displacement or motion of a segment without thinking about all the force

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2
Q

define displacement

A

change in position over time

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3
Q

list 5 kinematic variables that describe displacement

A

type location direction magnitude rate

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4
Q

what are the three types of types of displacement

A

translatory , rotary , and general types of displacement

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5
Q

displacement type : translatory is

A

linear displacement - rare - more for joint mobs

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6
Q

displacement type : rotary is

A

angular displacement - rotate about fixed axis - LAQ

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7
Q

displacement type : general is

A

combos (curvilinear motion ) center of rotation changes - ICOR instantaneous center or rotation or IaR (instantaneous axis of rotation ) - 3d movement

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8
Q

displacement location and direction

A

sagittal plane - x axis or coronal axis, transverse plane - y axis or vertical axis or longitudinal axis, frontal plane - z axis or AP axis

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9
Q

What are cardinal planes

A

Transverse, frontal, sagittal

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10
Q

Displacement Magnitude of rotary motion is

A

angular displacement

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11
Q

Displacement magnitude of linear motion is

A

translatory motion

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12
Q

How does one measure angular displacement / rotary motion

A

Range of motion through 360 degrees

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13
Q

how does one measure linear displacement / translatory motion

A

SI : M m cm
metric system : foot or inch

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14
Q

1 inch = cm

A

1 inch = 2.54 cm

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15
Q

an example of linear displacement test in PT

A

6 min walk test

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16
Q

displacement rate: without a unit of time is

A

speed

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17
Q

displacement rate: with a unit of time is

A

velocity

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18
Q

displacement rate: the rate of velocity changing is

A

acceleration

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19
Q

linear velocity ( velocity of a translating segment ) is

A

m / sec or ft / sec

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20
Q

units for acceleration are

A

m / sec squared or ft / sec squared

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21
Q

units for angular velocity is

A

deg / sec

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22
Q

units for angular acc is

A

deg / sec squared

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23
Q

Force

A

a push or pull exerted by one object or substance on another

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24
Q

Force is measured in

A

N and lbs

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25
Gravity is
the attraction of earth mass to another mass
26
weight =
mass x gravity
27
1 kg = __ lb
1 kg = 2.2. lb
28
1 kg = __ N
1 kg = 9.8 N
29
1 lb = ___ slugs
1 lb = .031 slugs
30
unit of force is
kg at 1 m / sec squared \ (N)
31
a newton is
a unit of force which is kg at 1 m/ sec squared
32
external force vs internal force
external is gravity and a lot of others and internal are ligaments and muscles tendons etc
33
difference between measuring mass and measuring force
mass does not require direction while forces do
34
vectors do what
point of application (where) , direction (where to ) , how much (magnitude), have a name, length
35
COM / COG / Log
COM / Cog where gravity acts on an object / balancing point and LoG is the gravity vector
36
COM/COG on a symmetrical object
dead center
37
COM/COG on a asymmetrical object ?
towards the side with more weight
38
resultant force meaning
the resultant or net effect of all forces that are part of the same LINEAR force system can be composed into a single resultant net vector (typically colinear and coplanar) - the force point of application will be a dot near the heavier magnitude
39
composition forces
in the book, these used the composition of parallelograms and took the vector in between two vectors of equal angles to form one vector for both
40
COM of human body is where, when in anatomical upright position
anterior to S2
41
LoG has to fall within what on the body?
within the base of support, and will move towards the side that is having more weight
42
Base of support BOS
stance, or laying down on back whatevs
43
statics
the study of the conditions uner which objects remain at rest
44
dynamics
study of conditions under which objects move.
45
newtons 1st LAW
law of inertia, tells us the conditions under which an object is in equilibrium
46
Inertia
the properties that resist initiation of movement in a linear motion and changing linear motion and is directly proportionate to mass
47
Moment of ineria
properties of object that resists rotary motion and changes in rotary motion
48
moment is like saying what?
torque
49
Torque is like saying what ?
moment
50
the term moment/torque refers to...
the magnitude of rotation produced by a force
51
dynamic equilibrium ?
when the velocity of an object is constant but not zero
52
static equilibrium ?
a motionless object where all forces acting on it are balanced
53
Newtons 2nd law
law of acceleration : the linear acceleration or angular acceleration of an object is proportional to the net unbalanced forces or torques/moments acting on the object.
54
formula for newtons 2nd law of acceleration
a = F unbalanced/m ox = torque unbalanced / I
55
Formula for newtons 1st law of Inertia
sum of forces = 0 sum of all torques/moments = 0
56
a net unbalanced force will make ______ motion; a net unbalanced torque/moment will make ______ motion; a combination of unbalanced force and torque/moments will make ______ motion (curvilinear motion).
translatory, rotary, general
57
Linear force systems are what?
a force system that exists when ever two or more forces acting on the same segment lie in the same line (colinear) AND in the same plane (coplanar); their action lines if extended would OVERLAP!
58
how are forces in a linear force system designated with + and - signs ?
up forward/anterior and to the R = + down backwards/posterior and to the L = -
59
Concurrent force systems
two or more forces acting on a segment can be formed into one force with the composition by parallelogram if these lines are extended they INTERSECT!
60
Newtons 3rd law is
reaction, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
61
Reaction forces are always in the same line and applied to the ______ but contacting objects
Different
62
Because the points of application of reaction forces are never on the same object, reaction forces are _______ part of the same force system and typically are not part of the same space diagram. Space diagrams exist in Isolation
NEVER
63
the types of forces a joint can sustain ?
distraction/traction and compression and tensile forces
64
Torque
torque = force x moment arm
65
Torque is the product of
the magnitude of one of the forces in a force couple and the moment arm
66
what are the 3 moments that apply to the bones?
torsional - spiral fracture, 3 point bending - breaking, bending moments
67
TOTAL mm force vector
all the lil fibers creating small vector and sum of all those
68
3 classes of levers?
1. axis in the middle with forces out each side - neck as axis and skull and mm 2. axis at end of line with resistance force closest to axis and effort further away - push up with axis at toes 3. axis at end of line with effort force closest to axis and resistance further away - shoveling dirt also biceps
69
4 key structures for movement
joints, connective tissues, muscles, nerves
70
kinetics vs kinematics
kinetics is slipping on banana peel and wondering about the forces involved and kinematics is wondering about how far u went
71
simultaneous and sequential movements ?
simultaneous is a ball rolling forward, sequential is a prone press up segment by segment
72
3 points of equilibrium
stable - objects center of mass is lowest, unstable - on one foot, and neutral - rolling down hill

kin (8 decks)

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