Kin ch2 levangie

Question 1

structurally joints can be classified as 3 types in regards to the tissue

Answer 1

firbous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 2

the joint categories can be classified as 3 types of -rosis’s

Answer 2

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

Question 3

joints with no movement are ______, and typically are made with dense tissue in the structural category of _____

Answer 3

synarthrotic, fibrous

Question 4

joints with moderate movement _______, typically are made with _______ tissue

Answer 4

amphiarthrotic, hyaline (articular) cartilage

Question 5

joints with a lot of movement _________, typically are made with _______ tissue

Answer 5

diarthrodial, synovial

Question 6

fibrous joints

Answer 6

really really tight binding of connective tissue to attach bone to bone

Question 7

fibrous joints examples

Answer 7

gomphosis - between each tooth and mandible, sutures in skull, syndesmosis - between the tibia and fibula

Question 8

cartiliginous joints (fibrocartilage joints/hyaline cartilage joints)

Answer 8

pretty tight binding of connective tissue to attach bone to bone

Question 9

cartiliginous joints / fibrocartilage joints / hyaline cartilage joints examples

Answer 9

synchondrosis joint - first seven ribs with sternum, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 10

synovial joints

Answer 10

joints indirectly linked to each other and the ends of the bones are able to move freely in relation to each bone, held together with the fingers of ligaments and glue of the capsule stuff

Question 11

synovial joint examples

Answer 11

tibiofemoral, knee, glenohumeral

Question 12

the 5 big things that make a synovial joint a synovial joint

Answer 12

1 joint cavity
2 fibrous capsule
3 synovial membrane
4 hyaline cartilage
5 synovial fluid film

Question 13

4 other things that make a synovial joint a synovial joint, may or may not be there

Answer 13

i.e. knee examples of this
bursa (prepatellar)
capsular ligament (patellar ligament)
fat pad
articular disk (meniscus)

Question 14

synovial joint
vs
synarthrotic joint

Answer 14

tons of movement / synovial stuff
no movement / no synovial stuff

Question 15

osteokinematics vs arthrokinematics

Answer 15

bones that be moving vs the joint action (articulation of bones)

Question 16

define roll, slide and spin

Answer 16

roll - rolling of one joint surface on another
slide - linear component
spin - the point spinning changes but the point of contact on stable does not

Question 17

convex - concave rule

Answer 17

if concave is the moving part - the ends of the bones are moving in opposite directions

Question 18

loose packed position

Answer 18

position where joint structures are more laxed , and joint play can occur

Question 19

closed packed position

Answer 19

point in the ROM where minimal or no joint play between the articular surfaces is expected

Question 20

soft end feel

Answer 20

soft tissue approximation

Question 21

firm end feel

Answer 21

ligament feel

Question 22

hard end feel

Answer 22

body end feel

Question 23

bone, capsule, menisci are typically which type of collagen?

Answer 23

type 1

Question 24

cartilage is typically which type of collagen?

Answer 24

type 2

Question 25

tendon and ligament typically has which two types of collagen?

Answer 25

type 1 and type 3

Question 26

type 3 collagen is typically in which connective tissue structures?

Answer 26

ligament and tendon

Question 27

connective tissues are characterized by widely dispersed _____ and a large volume of __________

Answer 27

cells, extracellular matrix

Question 28

extracellular matrix?

Answer 28

-the part of the connective tissue outside the cells -comprises almost the entire volume of connective tissue and determines the tissues function contains proteins and water and is organized into its fibrillar and surrounding interfibrillar components

Question 29

the extracellular matrix has interfibrillar ( _________ substance) and fibrillar (fibrous) components.

Answer 29

ground

Question 30

nerve and muscle tissue depend on cell structure to determine function, while connective tissue function depends heavily on the __________ components

Answer 30

extracellular

Question 31

cells of the intracellular matrix involve fibroblasts, the basic cell of most ________ tissue

Answer 31

connective

Question 32

types of fibroblasts in different connective tissues ?

Answer 32

chondroblasts - cartilage tenoblasts - tendon osteoblasts - bone

Question 33

when those blasts grow up and get old they are called ?

Answer 33

cytes - and are old now and less metabolically active and just hang out in the extracellular matrix as interfibrillar components (ground substance)

Question 34

all them blasts be making ?

Answer 34

connective tissue for type of tissue

Question 35

type 1 2 and 3 collaged are ______-forming

Answer 35

fibril

Question 36

which type of collagen makes up 90% of total collagen in body?

Answer 36

type 1

Question 37

type 1 is found in ...

Answer 37

tendons, ligaments, menisci, fibrocartilage, joint capsules, synovium, bones, labrums, and skin

Question 38

type 1 and type 3 are responsible for the _______ strengths in the body

Answer 38

tensile

Question 39

type 2 collagen is responsible for the resistance against ________ forces.

Answer 39

compressive - found in cartilage and intervertebral discs

Question 40

type 3 collagen is found in ....

Answer 40

tendon sheaths and in healing tissues and other places like type 1

Question 41

it appears that type 1 and 3 collagen are more similar in function for tensile strength than type ____ .

Answer 41

type 2 - type 2 appears to be more for counteracting compressive forces

Question 42

the interfibrillar component of extracellular matrix of connective tissue also knowns as the ground substance is made up of water and _______

Answer 42

proteins (proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans - a lot of the proteins do shit to attract water to the tissue - these proteins can determine the function of the tissue as well

Question 43

ligaments have a lot of _________ and a small amount of cells

Answer 43

extracellular matrix

Question 44

ligaments have a lot of _______ forces coming at them from all angles so the collagen fibers are arranged all over the place

Answer 44

tensile

Question 45

the increased type 1 collagen in tendons vs ligaments is most likely due to larger tensile forces it has to deal with, type 1 collagen is typically _______ than type 3 collagen

Answer 45

stronger, type 1 is typically stronger than type 3

Question 46

tendons have ______ wrapped around them

Answer 46

sheaths, type 3 sheaths around the type 1 collagen :)

Question 47

Tendon fibers are usually arranged straighter and more parallel than ligament fibers? true of false

Answer 47

true

Question 48

cartilage has 3 types -

Answer 48

fibrocartilage, hyaline (articular) cartilage, elastic cartilage

Question 49

hyaline cartilage

Answer 49

lines the articulating ends of bones and is one of the distinguishing features of a synovial joint

Question 50

elastic cartilage

Answer 50

found in ears and epiglottis and has more elastin than fibrocartilage has

Question 51

fibrocartilage

Answer 51

forms the bonding material in many cartilaginous joints such as the interbody articulations in the spine and costosternal joints, maybe some discs and some plates as well

Question 52

hyaline (articular-bone on bone action) cartilage has which type of blasts/cytes?

Answer 52

chondroblasts

Question 53

hyaline cartilage ____-cellular and avascular, relies on ______ for blood/nutrient supply, contains only terminally differentiated cells

Answer 53

HYPO-cellular and avascular, relies on DIFFUSION for blood / nutrient supply (so basically for diffusion it needs some compression shit going on to get blood comin and a goin)

Question 54

hyaline cartilage has some zones that move into bone

Answer 54

1 tangential zone type 2 collagen arranged parallel to joint surface, 2 transitional zone, 3 radial zone uncalcified part and calcified part and a final calcified layer of cartilage as the 4th zone

Question 55

fibrocartilage cells involve

Answer 55

fibroblasts, fibrocytes and on occasion fibrochondrocytes

Question 56

fibrocartilage (discs and pubic symphysis) in comparison to hyaline cartilage (joints/synovial) has a small percentage of water and has more collagen. Fibrocartilage traps water with the _______ of collagen while hyaline cartilage _______ water with proteins

Answer 56

structure, attracts

Question 57

hyaline has no blood supply and fibrocartilage has a low blood supply so need to do some ________ through loading to get that good blood in there for both of these cartilages baby!

Answer 57

diffusion

Question 58

_____ is the hardest of all connective tissues

Answer 58

bone

Question 59

bone mainly has type ___ collagen and inorganic mineral crystals

Answer 59

1

Question 60

stress and strain

Answer 60

two tissues coming together (compression stress) the change in length of each (compression strain) two tissues being pulled apart at each other (tensile stress) the change in length of each (tensile stress) perpendicular to each other (torsional stress)

Question 61

load deformation curve vs stress strain

Answer 61

load deformation is more about the structural properties of tissue stress strain is more about the material properties

Question 62

type I joint receptor- Ruffini - does what - is where

Answer 62

senses stretch, usually at extremes of motion in fibrous layer of joint capsules on flexion side of joints, periosteum, ligaments, and tendons

Question 63

Type II joint receptor - Pacini / pacini-form - does what - is where

Answer 63

compression or changes in hydrostatic pressure and joint movement in joint capsule, particularly in deeper layers and in fat pads

Question 64

Type III joint receptor - golgi / golgi-mazzoni - does what - is where

Answer 64

senses pressure and forceful joint motion in to extremes of motion in inner layer (synovium) of joint capsules, ligaments and tendons

Question 66

type IV (4) joint receptors - Unmyelinated free nerve endings - does what - is where

Answer 66

senses non noxious and noxious mechanics stress or biomechanical stress In blood vessels in synovial layer of capsule and in adjacent fat pads and collateral ligaments, tendons, and the periosteum