Kinematics Flashcards
(33 cards)
Q: What is trauma kinematics?
A: The science of motion and the mechanism of injury used to predict injury patterns.
Q: What is Newton’s 1st Law of Motion?
A: A body in motion remains in motion, and a body at rest remains at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
Q: What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
A: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
Q: What formula is used to calculate kinetic energy?
A: K.E. = ½ × mass × velocity²
Q: Why is velocity more significant than mass in trauma?
A: Because velocity is squared in the kinetic energy equation, it has a greater effect on energy transfer.
Q: What are the five phases of a motor vehicle crash?
A: Vehicle impact, occupant deceleration, internal organ movement, secondary impacts, and post-crash injuries.
Q: What are the types of vehicle collision impacts?
A: Frontal, rear, side, rotational, rollover, and ejection.
Q: What are common pedestrian injury patterns?
A: Lower limb injuries, torso/windshield impact, head impact on ground.
Q: What is Waddell’s triad (in paediatric pedestrian trauma)?
A: Femur/pelvis fracture, thoracic injury, and head trauma.
Q: What is Don Juan Syndrome?
A: Bilateral calcaneal fractures from landing on heels after a fall.
Q: What are common mechanisms of blunt trauma?
A: Acceleration, deceleration, compression, shearing, and direct force.
Q: What is a shear injury?
A: Injury caused when tissues move at different speeds or directions.
Q: What is the golden rule for impaled objects in trauma?
A: Leave them in place—removal may worsen bleeding.
Q: What three factors affect gunshot wound severity?
A: Velocity, bullet profile (shape), and tissue type.
Q: What are the three phases of blast injury?
A: Primary (pressure), secondary (fragments), and tertiary (body displacement).
Q: What are the primary survey priorities (CABCDE)?
A: Catastrophic bleeding, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure.
Q: What is the ‘Platinum 10’?
A: Aim to be on scene for no more than 10 minutes with critical trauma patients.
Q: What is the ‘Trauma Triad of Death’?
A: Hypothermia, Acidosis, and Coagulopathy.
Q: What is the purpose of the secondary survey?
A: To identify non-life-threatening but potentially serious injuries.
Q: What is a distracting injury?
A: A painful injury that may mask others, like long bone fractures or large lacerations.
Q: Why are children more vulnerable in trauma?
A: Less calcified bones, faster heat loss, and different injury patterns.
Q: What should always be assumed in females aged 10–50 in trauma?
A: That they might be pregnant.
Q: What is a major risk in pregnant trauma patients?
A: Supine hypotension—do not leave them flat on their backs.
