Minor Injuries Flashcards
(22 cards)
What systematic approach should be used in minor injury assessment?
DRSABCD followed by a head-to-toe exam; inspect, palpate, move
What is the SOAP acronym in patient assessment?
Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan.
What are key principles in managing wounds prehospital?
Clean with tap water, cover with sterile dressing, control bleeding with pressure, avoid routine antibiotics.
Why should all wounds be cleaned within 6 hours?
Bacteria begin multiplying rapidly; infection can establish within 24 hours.
What is the RICER method?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Referral.
What are red flags in musculoskeletal trauma indicating urgent care?
Severe deformity, swelling with distal neurovascular compromise, inability to bear weight.
What injuries are common with falls on outstretched hands?
A: Clavicle fractures, AC joint injuries, humeral head/neck fractures, wrist/forearm fractures.
What is a greenstick fracture?
Incomplete fracture where one cortex breaks and the other remains intact—common in children.
What are signs of a hand injury that may affect function?
Bruising, swelling, deformity, impaired distal perfusion, pain on motion.
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous (hypodermis).
What are the four phases of wound healing?
Hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling/maturation.
What are the types of wound closure?
Primary (immediate), secondary (left open to heal), tertiary (delayed closure after contamination subsides).
What must be done before administering local anaesthetic in a wound?
Complete a thorough neurovascular assessment.
What is the role of povidone-iodine (1%) in wound care?
May reduce infection in grossly contaminated wounds when used for initial irrigation.
What does OPQRST stand for in pain assessment?
Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Time.
What are key barriers to effective paediatric pain management?
Pain scoring challenges, developmental variability, fear of opioids, short transport times.
Why is pain under-treated in the elderly?
Provider bias, concerns over comorbidities, risk of medication side effects.
What are common myths about pain?
A: “Pain isn’t life-threatening,” “opioids always cause addiction,” “patients exaggerate.”
What is the difference between nociception and pain?
Nociception is the physiological response to harmful stimuli; pain includes the emotional and cognitive perception.
Q: Name three non-opioid pain medications.
A: Paracetamol, ibuprofen, NSAIDs.
Q: What are examples of weak opioids?
A: Codeine, tramadol.
Q: What are risks with opioid use in bariatric patients?
A: Altered drug metabolism and increased sedation-related complications due to lipophilicity and sleep apnea.
