Kinesiology 3

Question 1

fibrous joint

Answer 1

has thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two bones, as in the sutures in the skull. There are 3 types: synarthrosis, syndesmosis, and gomphosis.

Question 2

synarthrosis

Answer 2

suture joint, end of joint are shaped to allow them to interlock. Essentially no motion. purpose to provide shape and strength

Question 3

syndesmosis

Answer 3

ligamentous joint. A small amount of twisting, or stretching may occur

Question 4

gomphosis

Answer 4

“bolting together”- greek, joint between teeth and mandible and maxilla, “peg-in-socket”

Question 5

cartilaginous joint

Answer 5

has either hyaline cartilage, or fibrocartilage between, allow very little motion such as bending, or twisting and some compression. provide a great deal of stability

Question 6

aphiarthrodial joint

Answer 6

cartilaginous joint

Question 7

synovial joint

Answer 7

no direct union between bone ends, cavity filled , allows free motinwith synovial fluid contained in sleevelike capsule

Question 8

diarthrodial joint

Answer 8

synovial joint

Question 9

nonaxial joint

Answer 9

joint surfaces are relatively flat and glide over one another instead of one moving around the other

Question 10

plane joint

Answer 10

nonaxial joijnt

Question 11

uniaxial joint

Answer 11

has angular motion around one axis, much like a hinge

Question 12

hinge joint

Answer 12

uniaxial joint

Question 13

pivot joint

Answer 13

elbow, uniaxial joint

Question 14

biaxial joint

Answer 14

motion occurs upon two axis

Question 15

condyloid joints

Answer 15

metacarpophalangial (MCP) and wrist joints

Question 16

eppsiliod joints

Answer 16

condyloid joints

Question 17

saddle joints

Answer 17

carpometacarpal joint (CMC) of thumb, articular surface of each bone is concave in one direction and convex in the other, resembles a rider sitting in saddle

Question 18

triaxial joint

Answer 18

motion occurs actively around all three axis

Question 19

multiaxial joint

Answer 19

triaxial joint

Question 20

ball-and-socket joint

Answer 20

triaxial joint

Question 21

ligaments

Answer 21

bands of fibrous connective tissue, flexible not elastic, bone to bone

Question 22

capsular ligaments

Answer 22

ligaments around a synovial joint

Question 23

capsule

Answer 23

surrounds and encases the joint and protects the articular surfaces of the bones

Question 24

synovial membrane

Answer 24

inner layer of synovial joint. A thick, vascular connective tissue that secrets synovial fluid

Question 25

synovial fluid

Answer 25

thick clear liquid that lubricates the articular cartilage, reduces friction and helps joint move freely. Also provides some shock absorption and is a major source of nutrition for articular cartilage

Question 26

cartilage

Answer 26

a dense fibrous connective tissue that can withstand great amounts of pressure and tension. The body has 3 types; hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

Question 27

hyaline cartilage

Answer 27

covers ends of opposing bone within a synovial joint, provides a smooth articulating surface, can not repair itself if damaged

Question 28

articular cartilage

Answer 28

hyaline cartilage

Question 29

fibrocartilage

Answer 29

acts as a shock absorber, is present in synovial and cartilaginous joints.

Question 30

meniscus

Answer 30

fibrocartilage at knee

Question 31

labrum

Answer 31

shoulder fibrocartilge, deepens shallow of glenoid fossa

Question 32

elastic cartilage

Answer 32

helps maintain structure's shape

Question 33

tendon

Answer 33

connects muscle to bone

Question 34

tendon sheath

Answer 34

fibrous sleeves that surround tendons where it is subject to pressure or friction

Question 35

aponeurosis

Answer 35

broad, flat, tendinous sheet

Question 36

linea alba

Answer 36

aponeurosis across mid abdomen attaching abdominal muscles from both sides together

Question 37

bursea

Answer 37

small, padlike sacs reduce friction between moving parts

Question 38

sagittal plane

Answer 38

passes through the body from front to back and divides body into right and left. Motions that occur upon this plane are flexion and extension. Frontal axis runs through

Question 39

frontal plane

Answer 39

divides body into front and back, motions that occur upon this plane are abduction and adduction, sagittal axis runs through

Question 40

coronal plane

Answer 40

frontal plane

Question 41

transverse plane

Answer 41

divides body into top and bottom, rotation occurs on this plane. vertical axis runs through

Question 42

horizontal plane

Answer 42

transverse plane

Question 43

longitudinal axis

Answer 43

vertical axis

Question 44

axis

Answer 44

points that run through the center of a joint around which a part rotates

Question 45

plane

Answer 45

movement occurs in

Question 46

axis

Answer 46

movement occurs around

Question 47

degrees of freedom

Answer 47

number of planes in which a joint can move

Question 48

dislocation

Answer 48

complete separation of the two articular surfaces of a joint. A portion of the joint capsule will be torn.

Question 49

subluxation

Answer 49

a partial dislocation of a joint, usually occurs over a period of time

Question 50

osteoarthritis

Answer 50

type of arthritis caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage

Question 51

degenerative arthritis

Answer 51

osteoarthritis

Question 52

sprains

Answer 52

partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers

Question 53

strain

Answer 53

overstretching of muscle fibers

Question 54

tendonitis

Answer 54

inflammation of a tendon

Question 55

synovitis

Answer 55

inflammation of a synovial membrane

Question 56

tenosynovitis

Answer 56

inflammation of the tendon sheath

Question 57

bursitis

Answer 57

inflammation of the bursa

Question 58

capsulitis

Answer 58

inflammation of the joint capsule

Question 59

capsular pattern

Answer 59

pattern of lost extensibility and movement, happens when loss of motion is present