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Parasitology > Kinetoplastid Protozoans > Flashcards

Kinetoplastid Protozoans Flashcards

1
Q

Kinetoplastid protozoans include?

A

Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania

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2
Q

Kinetoplastid protozoans move via?

A

Flagella

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3
Q

Eukaryotic flagellum structure?

A

9+2 axoneme structure
9 microtubule pairs surrounding two central microtubules
Dynein motors cause the microtubules to slide past one another which causes the movement of the flagella

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4
Q

Where is the basal body located?

A

At the base of the flagellum

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5
Q

What is Trypanosoma cruzi also known as?

A

American trypanosome

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6
Q

What is Trypanosoma brucei also known as?

A

African trypanosome

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7
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi causes?

A

Chagas disease

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8
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi is spread by?

A

Kissing/Triatomine bugs

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9
Q

Trypanosoma brucei causes?

A

Sleeping sickness

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10
Q

Trypanosoma brucei is spread by?

A

Tsetse flies

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11
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi affects people in which part of the world?

A

Latin America

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12
Q

Trypanosoma brucei affects people in which part of the world?

A

Central African, Congo

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13
Q

Leishmania is spread by?

A

Sandflies

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14
Q

Leishmania causes?

A

Leishmaniasis

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15
Q

What is the flagellar pocket?

A

It is where the flagellum emerges
It is where endocytosis takes place
It is an invagination at the base of the flagellum
Many invariant surface receptors are located here as it is protected from the immune system, sheltered

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16
Q

Trypanosoma brucei infects which cells?

A

It does not, it is extracellular

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17
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi infects which cells?

A

Many different cell types

18
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi replicates where?

A

In the cytosol

19
Q

Which cells does Leishmania infect?

A

Macrophages

20
Q

What do all kinetoplastid protozoa contain?

A

kDNA

Kinetoplast DNA

21
Q

How many mitochondria are present in Kinetoplastid parasites?

A

Unlike most eukaryotic cells, kinetoplastid protozoa contain a single mitochondrion

22
Q

What is the structure of the kDNA?

A

When condensed forms a disk
Made up of many concatenated DNA circles
Made up of minicircles and maxicircles

23
Q

How large are the minicircles?

A

Around 1kb

24
Q

How large are the maxicircles?

A

Around 20kb

25
Q

What is the function of the minicircles?

A

Only known function is to produce gRNAs for RNA editing

26
Q

What is the function of the maxicircles?

A

Similar size to mtDNA
Basically mtDNA
Produce mitochondrial rRNAs, cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase subunits etc…

27
Q

How does replication of minicircles occur?

A

1) Topoisomerase II releases minicircles from the central region of the disk. They are released from the disk into the kinetoflagellar zone (KFZ)
2) Migrate to the antipodal sites and replicate as they do so
3) Once the antipodal sites are reached they are attached to the network periphery adjacent to the antipodal sites via topoisomerase II

28
Q

The replicated minicircles contain?

A

A nick/gap

29
Q

What may be the function of the nick/gap?

A

To mark the minicircles as replicated, to ensure only a single round of replication occurs

30
Q

When is the kDNA replicated?

A

When the flagella replicate

31
Q

How is the replicated kDNA divided?

A

Attached to the basal body via filaments
kDNA is replicated as the flagellar system is duplicated
As the basal bodies move apart the kDNA is seperated

32
Q

The minicircles are added to a moving?

A

A moving kDNA disk

33
Q

Why is the kDNA disk moving?

A

To ensure equal distribution of replicated minicircles

34
Q

What is the movement like in T.brucei?

A

Oscillation

35
Q

What is the movement like in T.cruzi?

A

Spinning

36
Q

Chemicals to inhibit kDNA replication could include?

A

Topoisomerase inhibitors

Or drugs to bind DNA

37
Q

Why is RNA editing required?

A

As the genes of the maxicircles contain frameshift mutations

38
Q

RNA editing involves the addition of deletion of?

A

Uridines

39
Q

RNA editing is mediated by?

A

gRNAs produced by minicircles

40
Q

gRNAs contian?

A

A 5’ anchor sequence which dictates the addition or deletion of uridines, a 3’ poly-U tail

Parasitology (17 decks)

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